Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P F Zelhart

Publications and source records attributed to P F Zelhart.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the information processing styles.

To investigate concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the Information Processing Styles, 62 students majoring in social sciences evaluated the accuracy of the checklist in describing their dominant types. Each student had a friend who read the descriptions of the dominant type(s) of the student and rated their perceived accuracy of that categorization. Analyses indicated the inventory is reliable and valid.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A factor analysis of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory using an alcoholic population.

The present study reports a factor analysis of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory using 103 alcoholic men. Kirton in 1976 and we in an unpublished work in 1986 noted identical factor structures when responses from nonalcoholic populations to the inventory were factor analyzed. Recent reviews regarding personality characteristics of alcoholics suggest characteristics similar to the adaption-innovation concepts of Kirton. This factor analysis for an alcoholic sample supports the validity of the inventory as a measure of problem-solving style of alcoholics.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of field dependence/independence to adaption-innovation in alcoholics.

Using alcoholics as subjects, the present study attempted a replication of Kirton's 1978 study in which he demonstrated a relationship between his adaption-innovation theory and Witkin's concept of field dependence/independence. Correlations obtained in the present study paralleled those of Kirton. As a group, alcoholics tended to be field-dependent in orientation. Innovators were less field-dependent than adaptors and "average" individuals. It was suggested that the varied characteristics of alcoholics should be considered when planning therapeutic strategies.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

MMPI correlates of clinical women who report early sexual abuse.

It was predicted from Freud's seduction theory that women who experienced sexual assault early in life would be identifiable by the MMPI. Twenty-six of 51 women treated at a psychotherapy clinic during a 2-year period reported experiencing sexual abuse as a child (RA); 25 made no such claim (NRA). Age, income level, years of formal education, marital status, and k-corrected scores of the MMPI were submitted to a stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis. It was found that the HY, MF, HS, and PD scales constituted a linear function that correctly classified 72.55% of the subjects (Wilkes Lambda = .670785, df 4, p = .0009). These scales correctly identified 73.1% of the RA and 72.0% of the NRA clients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Compatibility of self-actualization and anxiety.

Dabrowski's (1972) theory of positive disintegration argues that anxiety appears to be the dynamic of self-actualization. A study to assess this hypothesis (Wilkins, Hjelle, & Thompson, 1977) reported that self-actualization was incompatible with chronic, debilitating or neurotic anxiety. The current study further examined the empirical and conceptual relation between anxiety and self-actualization. A measure of self-actualization (the POI) and two measures of anxiety were taken from Ss (N = 126). Thirty-three items from the POI were found to be measures of anxiety and were scored negatively for self-actualization. Removal of anxiety items and rescoring of the POI yielded self-actualization measures that were related positively to anxiety test scores. The results indicate that the POI theoretically is biased against anxiety, the conclusion of Wilkins et al. is not necessary, and Dabrowski's theory remains viable.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

Memory for random shapes and eidetic ability.

A measure of eidetic imagery (memory for random shapes) was evaluated with a group of 56 third grade subjects. No relationship was found between the memory task and a standard eidetic imagery task. The memory task did correlate .44 with Otis-Lennon IQ, .33 reading ability, and .23 teachers' ratings of reading ability.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Attitudes of registered nurses toward euthanasia.

We sought to identify variables that contribute to euthanasia attitude and behavior, including demographics, death fears, experience with death, attitudes toward patient autonomy, and level of moral development. Subjects were 137 registered nurses from the southeastern United States representing 13 clinical nursing areas. Principal components analysis identified four factors that together explained 62.9% of total variance. These factors were belief in afterlife, nursing experience, liberal or conservative political view, and personal values. Variables identified through factor analysis were entered into regression analyses. These analyses showed that increased religious belief, years of nursing experience, and propensity to view death as an end of existence predicted opposition to euthanasia. Predictors for euthanasia support included a liberal political view, more experience with dying patients, and the belief that patients should have a personal responsibility for their own health-care decisions.

Black or African American↗