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Biomedical subjects

P F Engstrom

Publications and source records attributed to P F Engstrom.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The normal cup-disk ratio.

We determined the cup-disk ratios of 580 individuals, ranging in age from 4 to 91 years, with a Hruby lens; we also determined the cup-disk ratios of 289 of the 580 with a direct ophthalmoscope. All had applanation pressures of 18 mm Hg or less. There was no linear relationship (covariation) between cup-disk ratio and refractive error or intraocular pressure, but there was a tendency toward increasing cup-disk ratio with increasing age. The mean cup-disk ratio in the group examined with the Hruby lens was 0.38 and that in the group examined with the direct ophthalmoscope was 0.25. With either method almost all eyes had cup-disk ratios of 0.7 or less. In 9% of the eyes the cup was ovoid. In only 10% of these cases was the vertical cup-disk ratio greater than the horizontal cup-disk ratio, and in only one case was this difference 0.2 or more. The Hruby lens method consistently gave a slightly larger cup-disk ratio than the direct ophthalmoscope did. However, there was seldom a disparity of more than 0.2. The Hruby lens or biomicroscopic lens should be used to determine the fullest extent of the contour of the cup. Any cup-disk ratio of 0.7 or more, any vertical cup-disk ratio larger than the horizontal cup-disk ratio, and any disparity between the direct ophthalmoscope estimation and Hruby lens estimation of more than 0.2 should be viewed with suspicion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

The prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy was analyzed using data from 3,047 patients enrolled in 12 chemotherapy protocols of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. The frequency of weight loss ranged from 31 percent for favorable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to 87 percent in gastric cancer. Median survival was significantly shorter in nine protocols for the patients with weight loss compared to the patients with no weight loss. Chemotherapy response rates were lower in the patients with weight loss, but only in patients with breast cancer was this difference significant. Decreasing weight was correlated with decreasing performance status except for patients with pancreatic and gastric cancer. Within performance status categories, weight loss was associated with decreased median survival. The frequency of weight loss increased with increasing number of anatomic sites involved with metastases, but within categories of anatomic involvement, weight loss was associated with decreased median survival. These observations emphasize the prognostic effect of weight loss, especially in patients with a favorable performance status or a limited anatomic involvement with tumor.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Low dose chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CAMF) versus sequential cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (CMF) and adriamycin.

Seventy-eight advanced breast cancer patients with hormone-resistant disease or visceral metastases were randomized to receive either of two low dose regimens consisting of cyclophosphamide (C), methotrexate (M), 5-fluorouracil (F), and Adriamycin (A) as their initial chemotherapy. One group was treated with CAMF, and the other with CMF until progression, followed by A (CMF leads to A). C was given at 50 mg/m2, po, days 1-14; M at 20 mg/m2, F at 300 mg/m2, and A at 20 mg/m2, iv, days 1 and 8 of each 28-day cycle. The response rates for CAMF vs. CMF did not differ significantly (complete and partial responses-62% vs. 49%; stabilizations-23% vs. 31%). Responses by site of metasis, median times to progression and median survivals were similar for both groups. Poor and good risk partial responders had similar survivals. Twelve percent of CMF patients treated with Adriamycin at the time of progression had partial responses with an associated improved survival. Since CMF is as effective as CAMF, but has less toxicity, low dose therapy with CMF is more acceptable than CAMF as an initial chemotherapy regimen for metastatic breast cancer. Adriamycin may be reserved for subsequent regression induction.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

Phase II study of ICRF-159 in refractory metastatic breast cancer.

ICRF-159, at a dose of 300 mg/m2, was given orally every 8 hours for nine doses every 21 days to 40 patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal therapy and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and adriamycin chemotherapy. Two patients with soft tissue disease had short-lived partial responses. The hematologic toxicity was severe. Three patients required rbc transfusions. Four patients became septic at the nadir of leukopenia; two of these patients died while leukopenic. Two patients had platelet counts less than 25,000/mm3. All patients who were nonevaluable or who had life-threatening or lethal toxicity were nonambulatory. Since the 19 nonambulatory patients had a median survival of only 1.25 months as compared to 7 months in ambulatory patients, it is recommended that future phase II trials in chemotherapy-refractory breast cancer be limited to ambulatory patients. Although ICRF-159 has minimal antineoplastic effects, it is not recommended for further investigations in metastatic breast cancer, even at more hematologically tolerable doses of 250 mg/m2 every 8 hours for nine doses.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1978

Phase I trial of ICRF-159 in combination with 1.3 bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU).

Both ICRF-159 and methyl-CCNU are agents with antitumor activity against gastrointestinal carcinoma; hence the exploration of this combination for possible synergism. Results of the study involving 19 patients show that bone marrow toxicity is the limiting factor for this combination of drugs. Moreover, a dose of 130 mg/mg of MeCCNU with 800 mg/m2/day of ICRF is well tolerated.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1975

An effective low-dose intermittent cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil treatment regimen for metastatic breast cancer.

A low-dose, three-drug regimen, C.M.F. (cyclophosphamide 50 mg, p.o., days 1-14; methotrexate, 25 mg, and 5-fluorouracil, 500 mg, i.v., days 1 and 8; cycled every 28 days) was used in 46 consecutive chemtherapy-eligible women (41 previously hormonally treated) with recurrent breast cancer. Thirteen percent of the patients had complete regressions (C.R.); 33% had partial regressions (P.R.); 26% stabilized; and 28% progressed. In evaluating response by sites of metastases, lymph nodes (30%), lung nodules (22%), and subcutaneous deposits (2/3) had the highest incidence of C.R.; 46-71% of patients with lymph node, lung, subcutaneous, liver, breast, or peritoneal disease showed C.R. or P.R. Skin and pleural disease responded in 30% of patients whereas no patients had radiographic healing of bony metastases. The toxicity was minimal: 7% gastrointestinal, 26% marrow-suppressive, and 7% infectious. This low-dose C.M.F. regimen resulted in regression resulted in regression rates similar to higher dose C.M.F. protocols, which use approximately twice these drug dosages with commensurate toxicity.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of serum concentrations of methotrexate after various routes of administration.

Serum concentrations of methotrexate (MTX) were compared in 20 patients after administration of 15 mg/m2 MTX orally, intramuscularly, orally in divided doses, and/or intravenously. Higher and more sustained concentrations usually occurred after intramuscular administration of the drug. Approximately 50% of the patients had measurable serum concentrations 24 hours after a dose, except when the drug was given intravenously. In patients continued on MTX twice a week antimetabolic effects appeared sooner in persons with more sustained serum levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1972

Malignant melanoma.

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Antineoplastic Agents↗