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Biomedical subjects

P Eneroth

Publications and source records attributed to P Eneroth.

357 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

Characterization of trisubstituted cholanoic acids in human feces.

The trisubstituted cholanoic acids in human feces have been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following bile acids have been identified: 3 Beta,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-, 3 Beta,7 Beta,12alpha-trihydroxy-, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-keto-5 Beta-cholanoic acids and 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5alpha-cholanoic acid. The presence in human feces of 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-, 3alpha,7,12alpha-trihydroxy-, and 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-keto-5 Beta-cholanoic acids has been confirmed. The composition of bile acids in human feces is summarized and possible metabolic interrelationships suggested.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1966

Identification of mono- and dihydroxy bile acids in human feces by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

The mono- and disubstituted cholanoic acids present in human feces have been investigated. Extracts of feces were fractionated on silicic acid column and individual bile acids were isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography. The isolated compounds were studied by gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters, partial trimethylsilyl ethers, oxidation products, and trifluoroacetates. The probable structures deduced were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by comparisons with authentic compounds. The following derivatives of 5 Beta-cholanoic acid not previously isolated from human feces were identified: 3,12-diketo, 3-keto-12alpha-hydroxy, 3alpha,12 Beta-dihydroxy, 3 Beta,12 Beta-dihydroxy, 3-keto-7alpha-hydroxy, 3alpha-hydroxy-7-keto, 3 Beta,7alpha-dihydroxy, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy, and 3alpha,7 Beta-dihydroxy. The presence of 3-keto-, 3 Beta-hydroxy-, 3alpha-hydroxy-, 3 Beta-hydroxy-12-keto-, 3alpha-hydroxy-12-keto-, 3 Beta,12alpha-dihydroxy-, and 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5 Beta-cholanoic acids was confirmed. Evidence was obtained for the presence of two bile acids having at least one hydroxyl group at a carbon atom other than C(3), C(7), or C(12).

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal serum hormone changes during abortion induced with 9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2.

Serum hormone levels in women undergoing successful first and second trimester abortions induced by 9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2 vagitories have been measured. Significantly decreased levels of prolactin (p less than 0.01) and TSH (p less than 0.05) were seen in both groups of women but the drop appeared sooner, within two hours, in first trimester abortions. Regardless of gestational length there was a significant decrease in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (p less than 0.01) concentrations in maternal serum six hours into treatment. In the second trimester abortions total estriol, alpha-fetoprotein and lactoplacental hormone hPL were analysed in maternal serum but the levels did not change over the eight hour investigation period. It is speculated that the PGE2-derivative most likely affects the maternal pituitary secretion of prolactin and TSH, possibly via direct or indirect interference with TRH mechanism(s).

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychoneuroendocrine stress responses and mood as related to the menstrual cycle.

Psychoneuroendocrine stress responses were studied in normally ovulating women in the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases of two consecutive menstrual cycles. Psychologic stress was induced by having the subjects perform a battery of cognitive tasks under time pressure. Blood samples were drawn after each session for radioimmunoassay of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, and androstenedione. Urine samples were obtained for estimation of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol. The results showed that psychoneuroendocrine stress responses as estimated by urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline varied significantly across the menstrual cycle, the highest values being obtained in the luteal phase. Self-reported mood and somatic symptoms showed distinct phase-related changes, with more negative mood states predominating in the luteal and menstrual phases and increased positive mood states in the follicular and ovulatory phases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress and psoriasis: psychoendocrine and metabolic reactions in psoriatic patients during standardized stressor exposure.

Psychoendocrine and metabolic reactions during standardized stressor exposure (color-word conflict test and forced mental arithmetics) were studied in ten psoriatic and ten matched healthy subjects. During resting conditions, the groups were similar with regard to psychologic and biochemical variables, except for plasma glucose, which was slightly elevated in the psoriatic group. During stressor exposure, the psoriatic group reported significantly higher strain levels. Blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma glucose, and urinary adrenaline excretion increased in both groups during exposure, with more pronounced increases of the latter two in the psoriatic group. Serum cortisol, prolactin, progesterone and urinary cortisol decreased in both groups during stressor exposure. The decrease in serum cortisol was more pronounced in the psoriatic group. Thus, no psychoendocrine differences were found between the healthy and psoriatic subjects during resting conditions. In contrast, during a standardized stressor exposure, psoriatic subjects reported higher levels of strain, which was accompanied by higher levels of urinary adrenaline and lower levels of plasma cortisol. These results fit the hypothesis that psoriatic patients perceive certain challenging situations as more stressful than do nonpsoriatic controls, and react accordingly in their differential psychoendocrine reaction pattern. Possible pathophysiologic implications of the different pituitary-adrenocortical and sympatho-adrenomedullary reactions in psoriatics submitted to stressor exposure are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune function in unemployed women.

Immunologic effects of unemployment were prospectively studied in women over a period of 8 months. Subjects were classified into three groups depending on their employment history, and were studied concomitantly. Group A consisted of unemployed women who were recipients of traditional support from the Swedish welfare state. Group B was composed of unemployed women who were given the opportunity to participate in a psychosocial program, in addition to receiving the traditional unemployment benefits received by group A. Group C, the control, consisted of securely employed women. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) reactivity of lymphocytes decreased significantly in both groups of unemployed women after 9 months of unemployment. The psychosocial program did not counteract this decrease. Reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) of tuberculin also decreased significantly in the unemployed subjects. No changes were observed in the securely employed women. There were no significant differences among the groups in T cell subpopulations, B cells, and serum cortisol. The data suggest that some aspects of the immune system may be altered at a specific time period following the loss of work. Further studies are needed to see if this effect is only temporary or more long lasting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Slow-reacting immunoglobulin in relation to social support and changes in job strain: a preliminary note.

Fifty working subjects in the ages 25 to 60 were asked to rate the amount of job strain (demands divided by decision latitude) that they experienced on four occasions at intervals of three to four months. Blood samples were taken for the analysis of immunoglobulin G before work started on these work days. After the end of the studied year each subject was asked to rate the total amount of social support that he/she had experienced. Both availability and adequacy of support were rated. The reported degree of job strain was unrelated to season and number of order of observation. Immunoglobulin G was observed to rise progressively with rising job strain. The reported adequacy of social support was negatively associated with immunoglobulin G--the more adequate the support was reported to be, the lower the immunoglobulin G level. This association was stronger at peak levels of job strain and became weak and nonsignificant at low levels of job strain. Thus, when job strain increased immunoglobulin G increased mainly among those with poor adequacy of social support.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular responses to psychological and physiological stressors during the menstrual cycle.

Psychological and physical stress reactivity was studied in 15 females in two phases of the menstrual cycle (cycle days 5-7 and 24-26) and in 15 males. Each female was matched for age and time between sessions with a male. There was a significant phase-related difference in cardiovascular reactivity among the females. Females in the luteal phase reacted significantly more to the cold pressor but not to the mental arithmetic test. There were significant sex differences in systolic blood pressure, the males displaying higher levels during provocation, as well as during control conditions. The females were more reactive in heart rate to the mental stressor when changes from control conditions to stress were calculated. When the data were analyzed separately for smokers and non-smokers, there was a significant interaction between menstrual cycle phase and smoking. In the luteal phase, the female smokers were more reactive in systolic blood pressure than the non-smokers. The male smokers were more reactive than the non-smokers in diastolic blood pressure response to mental arithmetic, but not to the cold pressor test. Significantly higher levels of cortisol and aldosterone were found in the luteal phase as compared with the follicular phase. The cortisol levels were higher in the males than in the females in the follicular phase, whereas the female aldosterone concentrations in the luteal phase were higher than those of the males.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Person under train" incidents: medical consequences for subway drivers.

UNLABELLED: From the subway driver's point of view, a "person under train" (PUT) incident is a serious life event. This study focuses on the 1-year consequences of such events. Follow-up was made 3 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after the event. Forty consecutive PUT subway drivers were followed. For each PUT driver, a control driver matched with regard to gender, age, and country of birth was followed at identical intervals. MAIN RESULTS: The PUT group had significantly more sick days during the interval from the event to 3 weeks later. During the period 3 weeks to 3 months after the event no difference between the groups was observed. From 3 months to 1 year after the PUT significantly more days were again reported by the PUT group. Thirty-eight percent in the PUT group versus 14% in the control group had at least 1 month of sickness absence during this period. A mild acute psychophysiological reaction was observed 3 weeks after the event, with elevated prolactin and increased sleep disturbance in the PUT group. Such acute reactions were transitory and not correlated with long-term sick leave, which was predicted independently, however, by a high plasma cortisol level (analyzed in men) and a high depression score. Drivers in the group with seriously injured victims were absent from work for longer periods than drivers in the groups with mildly injured or dead victims.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depressed semen quality in Swedish men from barren couples: a study over three decades.

The semen quality of men who participated in an infertility investigation in 1956 was compared with that from men from similar populations in the years 1966, 1976, and 1986. The sperm parameters studied included total sperm count and sperm morphology. A significant reduction over this 30-year period was observed for both parameters. The total sperm count decreased from 467 million in 1956 to 305 million in 1986 (mean, p less than 0.0001) and the percentage of sperm with normal morphology diminished from 53% to 37% (mean, p less than 0.0001) during the same period. This Swedish study, like studies in other industrialized countries, indicates a decline in semen quality over the past few decades.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on the constancy of transudated and locally produced proteins in human seminal plasma.

An overall constancy in the total protein profile of human seminal plasma (HSP) as determined by gel filtration chromatography and high-resolution electrophoresis was found in six healthy volunteers. Thirteen different proteins were identified by double immunodiffusion in five individual HSP samples each previously subjected to gel filtration. It was also found that comparatively large amounts of yet unidentified low-molecular-weight (less than 12,000) compounds occurred in all HSP samples. Of eight specific proteins in consecutive samples collected from one individual, large intra-individual variations were found in some of the proteins. The largest variations (about 100%), for both concentration and total amount, were noted for alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, IgA, and secretory IgA. Albumin and lactoferrin were rather stable and varied less than 20% between samples. It is suggested that HSP-albumin may be used as a reliable marker of transudation of serum proteins to the genital tract. Likewise, lactoferrin could be used as a marker for the secretion of seminal vesicle proteins, since it reflects the functional status of these glands.

Adult↗