Biomedical subjects

P Eneroth

Publications and source records attributed to P Eneroth.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

On the intraindividual and gender variability of haemostatic components.

The intraindividual variability in terms of coagulation analyses was explored in 10-16 samples collected from each of 15 women during one menstrual cycle. For comparison, six men were sampled six times during a period of 30 days. The following variables were analysed: FVII, FVIII, FX, vWF:Ag, vWF:ristocetin cofactor, fibrinogen, antithrombin, plasminogen and anti-plasmin. The results demonstrated mean coefficients of variation ranging between 4.5 (plasminogen) and 20.7 (vWF:Ag). In certain individuals, the intraindividual variability amounted to nearly 40%, in particular in the assays of FVIII and vWF:Ag. No direct relation between these two factors and oestradiol, progesterone or testosterone levels could be observed in our individuals. The implications of these variations are discussed in terms of disease prediction and diagnosis of coagulation disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

On laboratory problems in diagnosing mild von Willebrand's disease.

By providing some examples of variations in the levels of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor, and Factor VIII during one month, the authors wish to emphasize the difficulty of diagnosing mild forms of von Willebrand's disease (vWD), especially type I. In three of 15 normal female volunteers the vWF:Ag levels, on some sampling occasions, were so low (0.25-0.30 IU/mL, normal greater than 0.50 IU/mL) that the diagnosis of vWD type I might be made while on other occasions normal levels were obtained. The coefficients of variation (CV) for vWF:Ag in these three women were 12%, 25%, and 43%. However, CVs of similar magnitude were also observed for "non-diseased" males and females. The ratio F VIII/vWF:Ag also varied greatly. In the three women with suspected vWD it was 36%, 15%, and 34%. A representative level for the entire cycle of vWF:Ag and ristocetin cofactor seems to have been obtained in the follicular phase and therefore it is suggested that in order to make the diagnosis of vWD type I, at least in females, blood samples should be taken in this phase.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Peri- and postoperative changes in serum levels of four tumor markers and three acute phase reactants in benign and malignant gynecological diseases.

Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 125, tissue polypeptide antigen, CRP, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin were determined peri- and postoperatively in patients undergoing surgery for benign gynecological disease (n = 18) and postoperatively in women operated for cervical carcinoma (n = 23). The only significant changes seen after premedication, during anesthesia and during surgery were a decrease in serum concentrations of alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin. We found no postoperative changes in the serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen nor in carcinoembryonic antigen values. However, the latter analyte was influenced by smoking habits. Elevated levels of CA 125 and tissue polypeptide antigen were found in the cancer patients, predominantly within the first 1-3 weeks after surgery. These levels decreased to normal values within 4-6 weeks postoperatively. The median intraindividual coefficients of variation for the tumor markers ranged between 15% and 28% in 30 control women not having surgery. In general, it would seem advisable to wait 6 weeks after surgery before monitoring with CA 125 and TPA is started.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗

PubMed1992

Blood levels of melatonin, serotonin, cortisol, and prolactin in relation to the circadian rhythm of platelet serotonin uptake.

Blood levels of melatonin, serotonin, cortisol, prolactin, and serotonin uptake by platelets were measured at 08:00, 14:00, 20:00, 02:00, and 08:00 hours in 10 healthy men who ranged in age from 27 to 35 years. The Km values of serotonin active transport by platelets were significantly correlated with melatonin blood levels. There were no other significant correlations. The secretion of steroid hormones and prolactin showed an increase at 02:00 hours; levels of prolactin decreased at 08:00 hours, but steroid levels continued to rise. This finding suggests either a direct effect of melatonin on serotonin active transport or the influence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on serotonin uptake by platelets. It is also possible that there is a simultaneous decrease in serotonin uptake and decline from peak levels of melatonin due to the rise in steroid secretion.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Effects of a postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke on hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems and on neuroendocrine function in the postnatal and adult male rat. Evidence for long-term modulation of anterior pituitary function.

The purpose of this paper was to study the possible long-term effects of postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to the smoke from 2 cigarettes (Kentucky reference IR-1 type) every morning from day 1 after birth for a period of 5, 10 or 20 days. The rats were decapitated 24 hours (5, 10 and 20 days of exposure), 1 week (20 days of exposure) or 7 months (20 days of exposure) after the last exposure. Using the Falck-Hillarp methodology in combination with quantitative histofluorimetry catecholamine levels and changes in catecholamine utilization (alpha MT-induced CA fluorescence disappearance) in discrete hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems were analysed. Serum prolactin, LH, TSH and corticosterone levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay procedures. In the postnatal period serum LH levels were significantly increased 24 hours after a 10 and 20 day exposure to cigarette smoke. In adult life after a 20-day postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke a highly significant increase was observed in serum prolactin levels, which were unaltered by this exposure when measured in the postnatal period. Twenty-four hours following a 20-day postnatal exposure, catecholamine utilization was increased in the medial palisade zone of the median eminence and substantially reduced in the parvocellular and magnocellular parts of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. One week and 7 months following a 20-day postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke no alterations were observed in catecholamine levels or utilization in various hypothalamic areas including the median eminence. All the above changes were observed in the presence of an unaltered development of body weight. The results indicate that marked but temporary increases in LH secretion occur 24 hours after a postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke, while increase in prolactin secretion only develop in adult life, when the maturational processes of the brain and/or the anterior pituitary gland are completed. Changes in catecholamine levels and utilization are found in discrete hypothalamic nerve terminal networks but do not play a major role in mediating the above changes in anterior pituitary function and are probably the result of a withdrawal phenomenon.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Short-term restraint stress and s.c. saline injection alter the tissue levels of substance P and cholecystokinin in the peri-aqueductal grey and limbic regions of rat brain.

Rats were exposed to short-term restraint (held by the tail for 1 min), injected s.c. with saline or subjected to the combination of these treatments. Fifteen and 30 min after these treatments the means serum corticosterone level was significantly increased by more than four times, compared to rats taken directly from their home cages, indicating a stress response. In the peri-aqueductal grey, the level of substance P-like immunoreactivity was increased by 45% (P < 0.01) and 65% (P < 0.01) 30 and 60 min after the combined treatment, respectively. Significant increases of the level of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the peri-aqueductal grey were also found after restraint only and after a s.c. saline injection. Similar, but less marked, changes in the level of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the PAG were also seen. In the accumbens a significantly decreased level of substance P-like immunoreactivity was encountered at 15 and 30 min after treatment, while the levels of cholecystokinin- and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity were not significantly changed. In other regions studied, no effects on peptide levels were seen. The changes in peptide levels had a time course similar to that of the increase in serum corticosterone. Also the successive removal of rats from a common cage was found to increase significantly the serum corticosterone and the substance P-like immunoreactivity in the peri-aqueductal grey in the animals that were taken late in sequence from the cage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Techno-stress. A psychophysiological study of employees with VDU-associated skin complaints.

Little is known about the causes of health complaints associated with work with video display units (VDUs). The symptoms are to a large degree similar to those of "multiple chemical sensitivity." We observed 47 white-collar employees with and without VDU-associated skin complaints during a regular workday and a day of leisure. VDU workers with skin symptoms had higher levels of the stress-sensitive hormones thyroxin and prolactin compared with employees without symptoms. They also had lower levels of the anabolic hormone testosterone during work. VDU workers with skin complaints also reported more occupational mental strain. A model is proposed in which physiological signals act as unconditioned stimuli and the VDU environment as the conditioned stimuli.

Arousal↗

PubMed1991

School marks and IQ-test scores for low birth weight children at the age of 13.

The present study was based on data from a longitudinal research program. The cohort consisted of 12,079 children, born in the Stockholm area in 1953. There were 494 children born with low birth weight (LBW; 2500 g or less). The results of the present study showed, that the LBW children had significantly lower school marks and intelligence-test scores (numerical, verbal and logical abilities) at the age of 13 than the normal birth weight children (NBW). For girls reared in non-manual socio-economic status (SES), decreased school marks and IQ-test scores were related to birth weight, and this was especially pronounced for LBW girls born after pregnancy week 37. For boys, however, no decreased school marks and IQ-test scores were related to birth weight and gestational age, with the exception of verbal ability for LBW boys born after pregnancy week 37 reared in non-manual SES.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Neuroendocrine responses to single oral doses of remoxipride and sulpiride in healthy female and male volunteers.

Six female and six male healthy volunteers received 100 mg remoxipride, 200 mg sulpiride and placebo as single oral doses in a double blind trial with a randomized crossover design. The main objective was to compare the effect of the two drugs on serum prolactin levels, but effects on other hormones were also investigated. Remoxipride and sulpiride increased the serum levels of prolactin to similar peak levels. This effect was larger in female than in male subjects. Sulpiride increased prolactin levels at much lower plasma concentrations than remoxipride, and sulpiride's effect on prolactin lasted for considerably longer than remoxipride's. No consistent effects on serum levels of LH, FSH, GH, oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone or cortisol could be detected after remoxipride and sulpiride compared to placebo. No drug-related effects on plasma homovanillic acid (HVA) were found.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effects of various IUDs on the composition of cervical mucus.

The influence of three different intrauterine devices on the composition of cervical mucus was studied. The amount of mucin, albumin and immunoglobulin G was estimated. After the insertion of an inert IUD, a decrease in mucin was observed. During copper-IUD use the content of mucin, albumin and IgG was increased in cervical mucus, while weight was not affected. In the levonorgestrel-IUD users, ovulation was inhibited in 2 out of 8 women. Mucus weight was increased. The amounts of mucin, albumin and IgG were not changed. In an in vitro experiment the effect of copper-IUDs on autooxidation of cholesterol was studied. There was an extensive conversion of cholesterol but addition of albumin quenched the oxidation of cholesterol. It is suggested that the increased secretion of albumin induced by copper-IUD users may offer protection against copper-induced cell damage.

Body Weight↗

PubMed1991

Subacute exposure to low concentrations of toluene affects dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in the rat.

The effects of low concentrations of toluene (40-80 ppm, 3 days, 6 h/day) were investigated on spontaneous and on apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in the rat, and were correlated to effects on S(-)[N-propyl-3H(N)]-propylnorapomorphine ([3H]NPA) binding in rat neostriatal membranes, on membrane fluidity, membrane leakage, and calcium levels in synaptosomes from the frontoparietal cortex, the neostriatum and the subcortical limbic area, and on serum hormone levels. Toluene exposure (80 ppm, post-exposure delay 18 h) alone did not affect locomotor activity, but attenuated apomorphine-induced (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.) suppression of rearing, and potentiated apomorphine-induced (1 mg/kg, s.c.) increases in locomotion and rearing. Toluene exposure increased the KD value of [3H]NPA binding without affecting the Bmax. All these effects were absent at 40 ppm of toluene or at a post-exposure delay of 42 h. Toluene exposure (80 ppm, post-exposure delay of 18 h) did not affect the serum levels of prolactin, TSH, corticosterone, or aldosterone, or synaptosomal membrane fluidity and calcium levels, whereas membrane leakage was increased in the neostriatum. The present study indicates that the reduction of D-2 receptor affinity by short-term, low-dose toluene exposure is accompanied by a reduced D-2 autoreceptor function and an enhanced postsynaptic D-2 receptor function.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1991

Pronounced effects of cyclosporin A and NVA2-cyclosporin on hepatic steroid metabolism and endocrine parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) and the analogue NVA2-cyclosporin (NVA2-Cs) were administered by daily injections (i.p.) to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 days. At the 5 mg/kg dose level a significant increase in the ratio between 5 alpha-reduction and 16 alpha-hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione was observed with both compounds. Serum levels of corticosterone were significantly increased in these rats. A daily dose of 50 mg/kg gave rise to more pronounced changes in the metabolism of 4-androstene-3,17-dione, with an almost 10-fold increase in the 5 alpha/16 alpha-ratio and a decrease in 6 beta-hydroxylation. At the high dose level serum levels of corticosterone increased greater than 2-fold, whereas testosterone decreased. This decrease was more pronounced with CsA treatment (greater than 40-fold) than with NVA2-Cs (greater than 3-fold). A significant decrease in the serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) was observed with high dose CsA treatment. High dose CsA and NVA2-Cs reduced serum prolactin levels, 6- and 3.6-fold, respectively. A small but significant increase in the serum level of creatinine was observed only in rats receiving NVA2-Cs, 50 mg/kg. The changes in hepatic steroid-metabolizing enzymes following CsA and NVA2-Cs treatment indicate that both compounds influence male rat liver via neuroendocrine mechanisms previously shown to regulate a number of hepatic functions, including several steroid-metabolizing enzymes. These functions are regulated from the hypothalamus, through the secretory pattern of growth hormone. The observed effects of CsA and NVA2-Cs might be due to an indirect action on growth hormone secretion, where an altered testosterone production exerts an influence at the hypothalamic level, and/or the result of a direct effect on the hypothalamus.

Androstenedione↗

PubMed1991

School performance and IQ-test scores at age 13 as related to birth weight and gestational age.

The cohort in the present longitudinal research program consisted of 873 children in an entire school grade, in a Swedish community. The present results showed a main effect of birth weight; low birth weight (LBW) children had lower school performance and intelligence-test (IQ) scores at age 13 than did normal birth weight (NBW) children irrespective of parental SES. Second, there was no significant main effect of gestational age (GA) on scholastic performance and IQ-test scores. Third, there was a significant main effect of the combination of birth weight and GA on scholastic performance and IQ-test scores. The LBW children born at term (38-40 pregnancy weeks; pw) had significantly lower scores and school grades as compared to the control group while the LBW children born with short gestational age (34-37 pw) and with very short gestational age (less than 34 pw) had significantly lower scores and marks in fewer areas of academic attainment.

Achievement↗

PubMed1991

Changes in pituitary-adrenal activity regulate the central vasodepressor responses induced by neuropeptide Y and adrenaline in the awake unrestrained male rat.

The central cardiovascular responses induced by neuropeptide Y (0.25 nmol) and adrenaline (2.00 nmol) given i.c.v. in close to maximal doses in the awake, unrestrained male rat were studied following changes in the pituitary-adrenal activity. Adrenalectomy (1 week) alone significantly reduced the vasodepressor response to i.c.v. adrenaline but not to i.c.v. neuropeptide Y. Corticosterone replacement treatment (5 mg kg-1 x 2, i.p., 1 week) significantly reduced both the maximal (peak) and overall (area) vasodepressor responses to i.c.v. adrenaline and neuropeptide Y (only overall responses) in the adrenalectomized rat. Corticosterone treatment alone in the sham-operated rat highly significantly reduced the vasodepressor responses to both i.c.v. adrenaline and neuropeptide Y. The bradycardic action of centrally administered neuropeptide Y was no longer significant after alterations in pituitary-adrenal activity. The present results suggest that corticosterone treatment can abolish the centrally evoked vasodepressor responses to close to maximal doses of adrenaline and neuropeptide Y, which may contribute to their hypertensive properties in man. Finally, after adrenalectomy the central vasodepressor responses to neuropeptide Y dominate, since the adrenergic vasodepressor responses are selectively reduced. This dominance is reduced by corticosterone replacement treatment. The results indicate an antagonistic role of adrenocortical steroids in control of centrally induced acute vasodepressor responses to neuropeptide Y and adrenaline.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Age-related differences in concomitant hormone release from the superfused rat adenopituitary.

We screened the concomitant release of five adenopituitary (AP) hormones, in vitro, at basal and stimulated conditions, in young and aged (2-3 and 25 months old, respectively) male Fischer 344 rats. The APs of aged rats exhibited significantly higher basal and total release of prolactin, but lower release of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone and growth hormone than those of young rats. The APs of aged rats did not respond to high K+ depolarization by an increased release of any of the studied hormones, whereas the APs of young rats did release a significant amount in all instances. The results indicate marked age-related alterations affecting the release of the hormones, detectable even in the isolated AP alone.

Aging↗

PubMed1991

Neuroendocrine and immunologic effects of unemployment and job insecurity.

We prospectively followed a cohort of 354 blue-collar men and women, some of whom lost their jobs. Results show marked effects during the anticipatory and early unemployment phase on mental well-being, serum cortisol, prolactin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and phytohemagglutinin reactivity of lymphocytes. Most of these changes appear to be of short-term duration. However, changes in cardiovascular risk factors are observed at least 2 years following the loss of one's job. Coping style appears to be a major determinant whether or not and how people will react to unemployment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1991

Pretreatment serum levels of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and tissue polypeptide antigen in cervical carcinoma.

In order to evaluate the potentially additive information of some acute phase reactants to that provided by a general tumour marker, pretreatment concentrations of C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and tissue polypeptide antigen were determined in serum from healthy women, patients with dysplasia/or carcinoma in situ and patients with primary cervical carcinoma. Specificity varied from 95-100% and sensitivity from 16-29%. A correlation with clinical stage was found for all analytes except for alpha 1-antitrypsin. The latter was the most frequently elevated analyte in early Stages (11/43 in Stage Ib/IIa) and uniquely elevated in 7 cancer patients. Although tissue polypeptide antigen predominantly signaled in advanced stages, 3 women in early stages had elevated tissue polypeptide antigen levels. One of these women died and she was also the only woman with raised alpha 1-antitrypsin who died. It is discussed whether elevated tissue polypeptide levels might represent an unfavourable sign for the individual and if alpha 1-antitrypsin is a favourable sign in early stages of cervical carcinoma. C-reactive protein results were obscured in early stages of disease by the presence of intercurrent illness and the results were regarded as inconclusive. Haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentrations provided no additional information to serum alpha 1-antitrypsin levels. However, haptoglobin was elevated in 64% (36/56) of the women with dysplasia/carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗

PubMed1991

WISC-test scores at the age of 10 for children born to women with risk pregnancies.

The subjects (N = 50) were born to mothers who had earlier participated in an extensive clinical investigation during their pregnancies. Maternal serum hormone levels were investigated from pregnancy week 20 and on to partus. Fourteen children were born small-for-gestational age (SGA) and eight pre-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA). Each SGA child had two control children, born to mothers with normal or high serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnancy week 16-17. Elevated serum levels of AFP was considered to be a sign of fetal stress. All 50 children were administered the WISC-test at 10 years of age. The SGA children had lower scores than control children in Performance and Full scale scores. The pre-term SGA children had lower scores than the controls in Verbal, Performance and Full scales. That was not the case for on-time SGA and pre-term AGA children. Girls born to smoking mothers performed less well than girls of non-smoking mothers on the Verbal scale. Positive correlations of maternal serum hormone levels (oestriol, hCG, and hPL) and WISC-test scores were present for girls. For boys a single maternal hormone in pregnancy (prolactin) was correlated with WISC-test scores at 10 years of age.

Child↗