Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Enck

Publications and source records attributed to P Enck.

124 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Stress effects on gastrointestinal transit in the rat.

Previous investigations of stress effects on gastric emptying, orocaecal, and colonic transit in rats have produced conflicting results. Here one type of stressor, a 'passive avoidance' situation, was used to investigate its effects on gastric emptying, orocaecal and colonic transit. After the rats had been trained to eat a standard amount of semisolid food, gastric emptying was determined (n = 12) by the food remaining in the stomach after various periods of rest, or stress exposure. Orocaecal transit (n = 14) was determined by breath hydrogen measurements after the food had been labelled with 1 g lactose. Colonic transit (n = 18) was measured as the arrival time of coloured faeces after infusion of a carmine red solution into the caecum through a chronically implanted catheter. The stressor had differential effects on transit through the stomach, small bowel and colon: gastric emptying was delayed (p less than 0.05) after stress (t1/2 = 2.66 h after stress, 1.97 h at rest). Orocaecal transit was accelerated (p less than 0.05) after stress; transit time decreased from 124.3 min at rest to 86.2 min after stress. Colonic transit was accelerated (p less than 0.01) under stress, from 15.5 h to 1.29 h. It is concluded that gastrointestinal transit in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract is differently affected by central nervous stimuli.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical symptoms, psychopathology and intestinal motility in patients with "irritable bowel"].

Recent investigations of pathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) either suggested psychopathology as the cause of bowel symptoms or proposed abnormalities in colonic motor and myoelectrical activity. Therefore, we prospectively compared clinical symptoms, personality traits, subjective stress reports, and motor and myoelectrical activity of the sigmoid colon and rectum in patients with IBS, patients with lactose malabsorption (LMA) who had not consulted a doctor for bowel complaints, and normal subjects. It could be shown that neither colonic activity nor stress distinguished patients with IBS from those with LMA. Patients with IBS exhibited significantly more clinical symptoms and psychopathology than patients with LMA and normal subjects. These findings suggest that psychopathology does not cause the symptoms or results from bowel dysfunctions but determines who will consult a doctor for bowel complaints.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Biofeedback training in fecal incontinence].

In 19 patients with incontinence of various causes a treatment programme was instituted in which by biofeedback training they would learn how to increase the force of contraction of the external anal sphincter in response to balloon distension of the rectum. The degree of incontinence was objectified by anorectal manometry before and after training, as well as 3-6 months after the end of training. This programme significantly increased the force of contraction of the sphincter and pelvic-floor musculature. Twelve patients became continent and have remained so at follow-up. The training regimen was especially successful in patients with an organic cause of the incontinence and those most highly motivated. The investigation also demonstrated that anorectal manometry is a suitable method for the diagnosis of and monitoring the response to treatment of anal incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Psychosomatic aspects of irritable bowel syndrome. Specificity of clinical symptoms, psychopathological features and motor activity of the rectosigmoid].

The clinical symptoms of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (ICS) frequently do not differ according to present findings from those of patients with lactose malabsorption. To test this observation further in a gastroenterological out-patient clinic, the authors compared the clinical symptoms, psychological features and motor activity in the rectosigmoid in 20 patients with ICS and 21 with lactose malabsorption. It was found that the intestinal symptoms, intestinal motor activity and psychopathology of patients with ICS was nonspecific and occurred equally frequently as those in the malabsorption patients. This casts doubt on the view that psychological factors play a role in the pathogenesis of ICS.

Colon, Sigmoid↗
PubMed1988

Family occurrence of achalasia and diffuse spasm of the oesophagus.

In view of the unknown aetiology of achalasia and diffuse oesophageal spasm we report four families (father/son, mother/son, brother/brother, cousin/cousin) with achalasia and oesophageal spasm examined by radiology, endoscopy and manometry. Family occurrence of oesophageal motor disorders supports the hypothesis that a genetic trait may play a role in the pathogenesis. The family coincidence of achalasia and oesophageal spasm supports a close relationship between the two diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Anorectal motility in systemic scleroderma].

We prospectively compared esophageal and rectal motility data from 7 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (4 females, 3 males) to esophageal recordings in 22 and anorectal recordings in 9 healthy controls. All patients with sclerosis exhibited motility disturbances in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES): LES resting pressure, LES relaxation amplitude and duration, and the number of incomplete LES relaxations were significantly different compared to the controls. All patients had alterations of anorectal motility: resting pressure, maximal squeeze pressure, and sphincter relaxation amplitude following balloon distension of the rectum were significantly decreased as compared to the control subjects. We conclude that esophageal and anorectal manometry are comparable in their sensitivity to differentiate between patients with systemic sclerosis and normal subjects.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1986

Lactase deficiency and lactose malabsorption. A review.

The results of previous investigations of lactase deficiency and lactose malabsorption are reviewed. It showed that lactase activity and its decline in animals and humans is controlled genetically, but also that its phenotypic expression as lactose malabsorption is influenced by nongenetic factors: adaptation, biological (circadian) rhythmicity, hormones, gastrointestinal functions, and nutritional components can alter the response to lactose intake.

Biological Clocks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computer-controlled, long-term recording system for studying eating, drinking, and defecation behavior in miniature pigs.

The long-term observation of ingestive and excretory behaviors in freely ambulating and non socially isolated pigs is an important tool in the investigation of the physiological determinants of these behaviors. A computer-controlled laboratory setup for the recording of feeding, drinking, and defecation behavior in minipigs was developed, allowing for the observation of two pigs at a time for weeks. Four minipigs (29-52 kg) were conditioned to operate feeders with a precise food release per response and were then fed ad lib. The animals had up to 50% of their daily energy intake during the night. Meal size and time spent eating was highly correlated, meal size and the preprandial intermeal interval was moderately correlated, whereas meal size and the postprandial intermeal interval was not. Feeding facilitated defecation, supporting the assumption that the gastrocolonic response is present in the pig. The system has been shown to be highly reliable and valid, and thus provides an excellent tool for the investigation of the rhythmicity of ingestive and excretory behaviors in minipigs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pavlovian conditioning of taste aversion using a motion sickness paradigm.

OBJECTIVE: Pavlovian conditioning of taste aversion has rarely been investigated in healthy humans using motion sickness as the unconditioned stimulus (US). METHODS: Ninety subjects were pretested for susceptibility to illusory motion (vection) in a rotating drum. Thirty-two subjects susceptible to pseudomotion were assigned randomly to two groups and received either water 1 hour before rotation and a novel taste (elderberry juice, conditioned stimulus, [CS]) immediately before rotation in a rotating chair (conditioning group), or the sequence of water and juice was reversed (control group). During the test session 1 week later, all subjects were exposed to water 1 hour before and juice immediately before rotation. The amount of liquids ingested, nausea ratings, rotation tolerance, and blood levels of hormones (ACTH, ADH, PP) were evaluated. RESULTS: Subjects in the conditioning group developed taste aversion toward the novel taste, but not subjects in the control group. Postrotation nausea rating was affected marginally by conditioning, but rotation tolerance was not changed by conditioning. ACTH and ADH but not PP levels increased with rotation, but were unaffected by conditioning. CONCLUSIONS: Pavlovian conditioning of behavioral, but not of endocrine, indicators was effective in susceptible subjects using a rotating chair as US and a single CS-US pairing.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗