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Biomedical subjects

P Eling

Publications and source records attributed to P Eling.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Causes of the slowing-down of cognitive processes in aging: the noise hypothesis].

A typical phenomenon accompanying aging is the slowing down of cognitive processes. This slowing down may be considered to affect only specific aspects of information processing or it may be looked upon as a general property. As yet there exists no generally accepted explanation of this phenomenon. There is disagreement about the exact localisation and the physiological basis of the slowing down. However, a number of hypotheses has been formulated. These hypotheses have in common that the slowing down is attributed to a form of 'noise', either at neuronal level or at psychological level. We discuss several of these noise-related theories and their predictions and review the empirical basis for each of them. It is concluded that the different hypotheses do not exclude each other and that slowing down of cognitive processes can be observed at different levels of information processing.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Consistency of ear advantage: an improvement due to increase in presentation rate.

In this study data are reported on the reliability of scores of ear advantages obtained in two dichotic tasks, viz. category monitoring and rhyme monitoring. Stimuli were presented at a much higher rate than in earlier reported experiments. This procedure appears to be effective in producing acceptable reliable results with respect to both the direction and the magnitude of ear advantage scores. Furthermore, the data on responses to individual target words are discussed. It appears that neither stimulus characteristics of the target words alone nor strategies of the subjects can explain the major part of variation in reaction times and ear differences. It is suggested that the combination of the stimulus characteristics of the target word and of the word simultaneously presented to the other ear is a major factor determining response latencies.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Comparing different measures of laterality: do they relate to a single mechanism?

In the present study, a total of 126 adults were given three dichotic tasks, two half-field tasks, a peg-board task, several tapping tasks, the dynamometer, and a handedness questionnaire. A hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out on the matrix of product-moment correlations of laterality scores for all possible pairs of tasks. This analysis suggested that the laterality scores fall into three clusters: auditory (dichotic listening) scores, visual (half-field) scores, and manual (performance) scores. Canonical correlation analysis showed that these clusters must be considered to be independent of each other. The results are discussed with respect to the traditional interpretation of the concept of laterality. It is suggested that laterality phenomena may be dissociated and that this possibility deserves more attention.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predominant right leg dysfunction without asymmetric muscle inflammation in CD1 Swiss mice with coxsackievirus B1-induced myositis.

To establish the existence of predominant right leg involvement in Coxsackievirus B1-induced myositis (CB1 myositis) 189 neonatal CD1 Swiss mice were inoculated with 300 pfu CB1, and regularly observed for posture, mobility, and gait. After 2 and 4 weeks, quantitative comparison of motor dysfunction of right and left leg yielded an asymmetry score; on light microscopy mononuclear cell infiltration and muscle fiber necrosis were quantified in bilateral hamstring muscles, using a five-grade scale (0-4). Motor asymmetries were seen during acute viral myositis as soon as hind leg dysfunction appeared, and animals with a predominant dysfunction of one leg preserved that preference throughout the observation period. At 2 weeks, mice with predominant right leg dysfunction (n = 34) significantly outnumbered those with predominant left leg dysfunction (n = 11) (p = 0.01). At 2 and 4 weeks, infiltration and necrosis in hamstrings from legs with predominant dysfunction were not higher than in those from contralateral legs, and infiltration in right-sided hamstrings was not higher than in left-sided ones, nor was infiltration at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks right-sided muscles were more necrotic (mean +/- SD, 1.8 +/- 1.5) than left-sided muscles (1.1 +/- 1.2; p = 0.03). In the absence of predominant inflammatory disease of the right leg, we interpret the hind leg asymmetry as a preferential use of the left leg, due to left-leggedness, and suggest that in CD1 Swiss mice left-leggedness is associated with increased susceptibility to CB1 myositis.

Animals↗