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Biomedical subjects

P Ekman

Publications and source records attributed to P Ekman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a prognostic aid in human prostatic carcinoma.

Serum levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in serum, the presence or absence of skeletal metastases, tumor grade, patient age, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined in 50 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma before onset of any therapy. Crude survival rates were estimated for a 5-year period after the time of diagnosis. The prognostic value was estimated by means of the log rank test and multivariate life table analysis. The TPA, PAP, tumor stage, and ESR all appeared to be useful as prognostic markers. Tumor grade and patient age were not significantly related to crude survival. The TPA proved to be the most reliable prognostic marker in single test estimates as well as in a multivariate life table analysis (p less than 0.01).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

What you say and how you say it: the contribution of speech content and voice quality to judgments of others.

In three studies, judgments based on separated channels (speech content, voice quality, face alone and body alone) were correlated with judgments based on combined channels (speech, face + speech, and face + body + speech). The judges observed spontaneous behavior in two different types of interview situations and rated various aspects of the behavior. Correlations between separated and combined channels varied significantly depending on the kind of behavior judged, the attribute rated, and whether other channels of information were available.

Emotions↗
PubMed1985

Is the startle reaction an emotion?

In this study, we examined startle reactions in which the subjects did and did not know when a blank pistol would be fired. In addition, we asked subjects to suppress their startle response and to simulate a startle when there was no gunshot. Detailed measurement of facial muscular actions supported most of the findings reported by Landis and Hunt (1939), but our findings suggested that startle be considered a reflex not an emotion. The findings are considered in terms of current disagreements about exactly what constitutes an emotion, including the argument between Zajonc (1980) and Lazarus (1984) about the role of appraisal.

Arousal↗
PubMed1984

The effect of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP on the activity of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase from rat liver.

Rat liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was partially phosphorylated in vitro and separated into unphosphorylated and fully phosphorylated enzyme. The effects of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP on these two enzyme forms were examined. Unphosphorylated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was more easily inhibited by both effectors. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate affected both K0.5 and Vmax, while the main effect of AMP was to lower Vmax. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP together acted synergistically to decrease the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and since unphosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme forms are affected differently, this might be a way to amplify the effect of phosphorylation.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1984

Hepatic L-type pyruvate kinase: separation of unphosphorylated, phosphorylated and proteolytically modified in vivo forms.

After partial chromatographic purification of rat liver cell sap on DEAE-cellulose, including the removal of type M2 pyruvate kinase, different forms of type L pyruvate kinase were separated by chromatofocusing. Three fractions of pyruvate kinase activity were found, eluting at pH 5.0, 5.2, and 5.3, respectively. The first one was identified as phosphorylated and the second one as unphosphorylated pyruvate kinase. There were strong indications that the third fraction represented a proteolytically modified form of the enzyme, since it co-migrated with a form modified in vitro and had a similarly increased apparent Km for phosphoenolpyruvate. To rule out the possibility of this being a phosphorylated form of pyruvate kinase, the enzyme was incubated with a phosphoprotein phosphatase and then phosphorylated with cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The enzyme was not phosphorylated, like pyruvate kinase modified with subtilisin or calcium-activated protease. There is some evidence that a proteolytically modified pyruvate kinase exists in vivo. This enzyme form has not previously been demonstrated in cell sap, prior to exposure to proteolytic enzymes. The relative amounts of the three forms were determined in livers from starved rats and rats fed on a normal or a carbohydrate-rich diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions.

Emotion-specific activity in the autonomic nervous system was generated by constructing facial prototypes of emotion muscle by muscle and by reliving past emotional experiences. The autonomic activity produced distinguished not only between positive and negative emotions, but also among negative emotions. This finding challenges emotion theories that have proposed autonomic activity to be undifferentiated or that have failed to address the implications of autonomic differentiation in emotion.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1983

Estrogen receptors in human prostate: evidence for multiple binding sites.

The existence of estrogen receptors in the human prostate has long been a controversial issue. This may be explained partly by the apparent heterogeneity of estrogen-binding sites in prostatic tissue. We herein report on multiple binding sites for estrogens in cytosol as well as nuclear preparations of human prostatic tissues. One class of binding sites corresponds to the classical, high affinity estrogen receptor; the Kd for [3H]estradiol binding to the receptor was approximately 0.10 nM and the binding was specific for estrogens. The second class of binding sites appeared to have a Kd for [3H]estradiol in the range of 5-10 nM. This second, lower affinity class of binding sites markedly influenced studies of the classical receptor even at low ligand concentrations. Saturation analysis should be performed over a wide range of ligand concentrations (0.05-10 nM) to allow separation of the two binding components. Quantitation of estrogen receptor by a single point assay cannot be carried out accurately unless the low affinity binding component can be blocked. Multiple binding sites for estradiol were observed in the cytosol as well as in the nuclear salt extractable and salt-resistant compartments of normal, benign hyperplastic, and cancerous human prostates. Normal peripheral and cancerous prostates contained significantly (P less than 0.01) higher amounts of cytosol estrogen receptor compared to benign hyperplastic tissue.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1982

The demonstration in rat liver cell sap of protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase active on fructose-bisphosphatase.

A protein kinase active on fructose-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) was demonstrated in rat liver cell sap. The protein kinase activity was stimulated by cyclic AMP and coincided with the activity of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase type I. In addition, three different peaks of phosphoprotein phosphatase active on [32P] phosphofructose-bisphosphatase were found on chromatography of rat liver cell sap on a DEAE-cellulose column. These phosphatases needed divalent cations for full activity. 5'-AMP, a negative modulator of fructose-bisphosphatase, had no effect on the phosphorylation-de-phosphorylation reactions of the enzyme. ATP and Ca2+ did not influence the dephosphorylation reaction of fructose-bisphosphatase.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Current concepts in the management of testicular germ cell tumours in adults. A review.

Due to a combination of aggressive chemotherapy and radical surgery today most cases of advanced non-seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testicle can be cured. The most active chemotherapeutic regimen is a combination of cis-platinum, velban, and bleomycin: the epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213 still being a second hand alternative. Surgery is applied for definite cure in low-stage disease and for debulking of remaining tumour after initial chemotherapy in advanced stages. Survival figures today are given as 100% in stage I, 90% in stage II, and 60% in stage III. Low-stage seminoma is still routinely treated with radiotherapy, however, chemotherapy seems to markedly improve survival also in advanced stages of this disease. The use of highly toxic chemotherapy and advanced surgery necessitates a concentration of these cases to few centres with experienced staff. The article also briefly discusses classification, symptoms, diagnostic aids, and follow-up procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of prostatic size with computed tomography. Methodologic aspects.

The prostatic gland can be easily demonstrated on CT scans and its volume has been estimated using the ellipsoid formula. In 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia calculated volumes were compared with the weight of the adenomas resected at open surgery. A good correlation was found (r = 0.89) with an average residual error of 12 g. The method is considered valuable for preoperative assessment of the prostatic size and useful as a non-invasive method to evaluate changes in prostatic volume following different types of non-surgical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Simultaneous measurement of progesterone and androgen receptors in human prostate: a microassay.

The characteristics of binding of radiolabeled progesterone, promegestone [17 alpha,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione (R5020)], medroxyprogesterone acetate (4-pregnen-6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-ol-3,20-dione acetate), and methyltrienolone [17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4,9,11-estratriene-3-one (MT)] to the progesterone receptor in human prostatic cytosol have been compared. MT binds to both androgen and progesterone receptors with high affinity (Kd = 0.9 and 0.6 nM, respectively). The binding of MT to the progesterone receptor can be blocked by adding an excess of unlabeled triamcinolone acetonide [9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione-16,17-acetonide (TAC)]. The difference between the binding of [3H]MT in the absence and presence of TAC (i.e. [MT - (MT + TAC)] represents specific binding of MT to the progesterone receptor. Ligand specificity studies demonstrated that this binding was typical of a progesterone receptor. Furthermore, progesterone receptor levels measured in this way were comparable to those obtained using progesterone, R5020, or medroxyprogesterone acetate as labeled ligands. Progesterone receptor quantitation from the difference MT - (MT + TAC) is of particular advantage when simultaneous quantitation of progesterone and androgen receptors is desired in small tissue specimens since only three sets of incubations are required: [3H]MT, [3H]MT plus unlabeled TAC, and [3H]MT plus unlabeled MT (to measure nonspecific binding). Conditions are described for the application of this methodology to a microassay. A marked underestimate of progesterone receptor content was observed when incubation was terminated with hydroxylapatite compared to that measured when dextran-coated charcoal was used. The presence of comparable amounts of progesterone and androgen receptors in human prostatic cytosol deserves further investigation.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1982

Single drug therapy in non-seminomatous germinal cell tumours of the testicle.

The outcome for 84 patients in different stages of non-seminomatous germinal cell tumours of the testicle and treated with Mithramycin as a single agent has been evaluated. The survival rate in patients with advanced disease was lower than that obtained by more aggressive chemotherapy and, therefore, in these stages Mithramycin therapy is not recommended. On the other hand, the survival rate in patients with low-stage disease was superior to that in other series of patients subjected to bilateral lymphadenectomy without subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present study a unilateral gland dissection with preservation of a normal sexual function was performed in the vast majority of patients. Single-drug chemotherapy should preferably be used only as adjuvant treatment in low-stage non-seminomatous germinal cell testicular tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The kinetics of unphosphorylated, phosphorylated and proteolytically modified fructose bisphosphatase from fat liver.

Phosphorylation of fructose-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from pig muscle decreased the K0.5 for fructose-bisphosphate from 21 to 11 microM. When the phosphorylated fructose-bisphosphatase was treated with trypsin the K0.5 increased to 22 microM. The K0.5 also increased when the phosphoenzyme was treated with a partially purified phosphatase from rat liver. There was no difference between the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme with respect to pH dependence, the pH optimum being about 7.0 for both. Limited treatment of fructose-bis-phosphatase with subtilisin, which cleaves the enzyme at its unphosphorylatable N-terminal part, increased the pH optimum more than limited treatment with trypsin, which releases the phosphorylated peptide at the C-terminal part of fructose-bisphosphatase. The phosphorylated site on the phosphorylated fructose-bisphosphatase was more easily split off by trypsin treatment than the corresponding unphosphorylated site. The results suggest in addition to the glucagon-induced phosphorylation of fructose-bisphosphatase described by Claus et al. [1] that the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of fructose-bisphosphatase could be of importance for the hormonal regulation of the enzyme in vivo.

Animals↗