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Biomedical subjects

P E Holt

Publications and source records attributed to P E Holt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Urethral conformation and position in relation to urinary incontinence in the bitch.

The conformation of the urethra, the position of the bladder neck and the distance between the external urethral orifice and the cranial pubic brim were compared in 30 continent and 30 incontinent bitches with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism, using the measurements made from vagino-urethrograms. The bladder neck was significantly (P less than 0.001) further caudal in incontinent dogs than in continent dogs. Its position was not affected by neutering and could not be explained by the degree of urethral curvature. The distance from the external urethral orifice to the cranial pubic brim was correlated (P less than 0.001) with bodyweight but was not significantly different in the continent and incontinent bitches. In neutered animals, the distance between the cranial pubic brim and the external urethral orifice was significantly (P less than 0.05) shorter than in entire animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Congenital urinary incontinence in cats: a review of 19 cases.

Nineteen cases of feline congenital urinary incontinence (10 cats with ureteral ectopia and nine with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism) are reviewed. The 10 cats with ureteral ectopia are considered together with 13 from previous reports. There was no apparent breed predisposition. Most of the 23 cats were presented for urinary incontinence but two of them were continent. Thirteen were females and ectopia was unilateral in 13 and bilateral in 10. Twenty-eight of 31 ectopic ureters terminated in the urethra. The commonest complication was hydroureter/hydronephrosis (10 cases). Eighteen of the cats were treated surgically, 13 by ureteral transplantation, four by ureteronephrectomy and one by ligation of the renal blood vessels; 16 of them were cured by surgery. Congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence has not been reported previously in the cat. Nine cases are presented and the urethras of all were markedly hypoplastic. A common concomitant abnormality was vaginal aplasia, with the uterine horns terminating in the dorsum of the bladder. Bacteriuria was more common in this group than in the cats with ureteral ectopia.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of body position on intravesical pressure in the anaesthetised bitch.

The position adopted by 50 recumbent dogs was recorded while they were sleeping or resting; the commonest orientation of their hindquarters was right lateral recumbency. The intravesical pressure in the urinary bladder of 24 anaesthetised bitches lying in right lateral recumbency was compared with the intravesical pressure recorded when the same bitches were supported in a standing position. The intravesical pressure was significantly higher when the bitches were in right lateral recumbency (P less than 0.001) and the difference was unaffected by whether they were continent or not, and had no significant correlation with bodyweight. These findings help to explain why bitches with an incompetent urethral sphincter mechanism tend to leak predominantly when they are recumbent.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1992

Medical record content: recurring area of concern in hospital analysis.

This article reports on an analysis of 109 hospitals that received recommendations for improvement within their Medical Record Service when surveyed by the Australian Council on Health Care Standards (ACHS) in 1990. Seventy-five per cent of Medical Record Service recommendations made at an earlier survey had been fully implemented and 17% partially implemented by hospitals at the time of their next survey in 1990. The major area receiving recommendations for improvement was medical record content. Other areas of concern were quality assurance, organization and administration, and space for research and work within the service. Certain aspects of medical record content also appeared to be resistant to change from one survey to the next.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1992

ACHS surveyor recommendations: recent trends in the accident and emergency service.

An analysis was made of 82 public hospitals surveyed by the ACHS in 1990 that had received recommendations for improvement within their Accident and Emergency service. The major areas requiring attention included quality assurance, scope of service, policy and procedure manuals, signposting and the appointment of a medical practitioner responsible for the service. The analysis also revealed that 90% of the recommendations for improvement made by ACHS surveyors at a previous survey had been fully or partially implemented upon resurvey in 1990.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of two catheter withdrawal speeds during simultaneous urethral pressure profilometry in anesthetized bitches.

Maximal urethral closure pressure, functional profile length, and number of respiratory peaks on the resting urethral pressure profile, expressed as a percentage of those occurring on the bladder pressure recording, were compared at catheter withdrawal speeds of 1 and 3 mm/s in 30 anesthetized bitches. Significant (P less than 0.001) differences were found in maximal urethral closure pressure and percentage of transmission of respiratory peaks between the 2 speeds. Significant difference was not detected in functional profile length.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats.

The differential diagnosis of canine urinary incontinence is discussed. Where appropriate, comparisons are made to similar causes of incontinence in the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ten cases of bladder paralysis associated with sabulous urolithiasis in horses.

Bladder paralysis and sabulous urolithiasis were diagnosed in 10 horses with urinary incontinence. Additional neurological deficits in the hindquarters were detected in five of them. Treatment by catheter drainage and bladder lavage was unsuccessful, and all the horses were destroyed within 14 months of presentation. Neuritis of the cauda equina was diagnosed post mortem in one horse, but the cause of the paralysis was not identified in the others, although radiography revealed abnormal lumbosacral vertebral angulation in one case.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Hyperventilation and anxiety in panic disorder, social phobia, GAD and normal controls.

Patients with DSM-III Agoraphobia, Panic Disorder, GAD, Social Phobia and normal controls underwent a series of experimental procedures and measures to determine whether panic attack patients show a greater tendency towards hyperventilation that is independent from their anxiety levels. Contrary to expectations, the Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder patients did not show significantly lower levels of expired pCO2 at rest than the other anxious or non-anxious groups. However, the panic attack patients did show significantly higher levels of anxiety and hyperventilatory symptoms during a hyperventilation test and during breathing 5% CO2 in air. A strong relationship was found between hyperventilatory symptoms and anxiety in all groups of patients and in the controls. On the basis of these results it was concluded that Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder patients do not show a unique tendency toward hyperventilation, but rather that their hyperventilatory symptoms and perhaps intermittent overbreathing episodes are a function of the high levels of anxiety they experience.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1989

Provocation of panic: three elements of the panic reaction in four anxiety disorders.

Subjects with agoraphobia (N = 25), panic disorder (N = 25), social phobia (N = 19) or generalized anxiety disorder (N = 10) and controls with no psychiatric history (N = 16) underwent two provocation tests, voluntary hyperventilation and inhalation of 5% CO2 in air, and three experimental control conditions. They were measured on three elements of the panic reaction: somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety and fears of impending doom, and on a standard YES/NO measure of panic attack. The provocation conditions produced increased somatic symptoms and psychic anxiety across all groups relative to the control conditions. The agoraphobic and panic disorder groups showed a significantly greater increase in fears of impending doom from control to provocation conditions than the social phobic and GAD patients. This difference was not observed on measures of somatic symptoms or psychic anxiety. The present results provide some support for the theory that panic attacks result from the catastrophic misinterpretation of anxious symptoms, in this case produced by the two provocation tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Urethral pressure profilometry in the anaesthetised bitch: a comparison between double and single sensor recording.

A comparison was made between urethral pressure profiles obtained using a single sensor and 'subtracted' urethral pressure profiles resulting from double sensor recordings in 50 bitches. There were small but significant differences in the functional profile lengths and maximum urethral closure pressures between the two types of recording. The differences were partially explained by a significant fall in the intravesical pressure recorded during profilometry and variations due to respiration. The profiles from single and double sensor recording were of equal significance in the diagnosis of sphincter mechanism incompetence.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

'Simultaneous' urethral pressure profilometry in the bitch: methodology and reproducibility of the technique.

The technique of 'simultaneous' urethral pressure profilometry in the bitch is described. Four consecutive recordings were made from each of 100 bitches. From each recording, the maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length were measured and assessed for reproducibility. Analyses of variance revealed no significant differences (P greater than 0.2) between the measurements of functional profile length (means: 3.84, 3.84, 3.83, 3.80 cm; standard error of the differences: 0.037) but there were significant variations (P less than 0.001) in maximum urethral closure pressure (means of square roots: 2.26, 2.18, 2.12, 2.08 cm water; standard error of the differences: 0.042). Overall, there was a significant dependence of maximum urethral closure pressure on the measurement order (P less than 0.001). Thus, while functional profile length is a highly reproducible parameter, maximum urethral closure pressure is subject to significant variation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

'Simultaneous' urethral pressure profilometry: variations in intravesical pressure with respiration.

Pressure changes in the urinary bladder due to respiration were measured in 75 bitches. The changes fell within a narrow range (0.5 to 2.5 cm water) and were unaffected by size or whether the bitches were entire or spayed. Significant differences were found, however, between continent (mean +/- SD, 1.1 +/- 0.4 cm water) and incontinent (mean +/- SD, 1.4 +/- 0.5 cm water) animals (P less than 0.01).

Animals↗