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Biomedical subjects

P Dupont

Publications and source records attributed to P Dupont.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Determination of the alcohol level of alcoholic beverages with the Technicon thermometric autoanalyser].

Thermometric analyses consists in measuring the enthalpy variations of chemical reaction. The dilution of an hydroalcoholic solution in a aqueous solution of sodium perchlorate is an endothermal reaction, and the variations of temperature within certains limits are functions of the initial alcohol concentration. The variations are collected, amplified and recorded on a diagram. This has been done in the quality control laboratory of our company with a Technicon apparatus to determine the alcoholic strength of spirits at 45 degrees. In industrial use one needs only to compare the height of the peaks corresponding to the product being analysed with the check sample peaks. This quick and precise process, of a great simplicity of utilisation makes it possible to discard the distillation method.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adipose tissue intracrinology: potential importance of local androgen/estrogen metabolism in the regulation of adiposity.

The present article summarizes some of the studies available on steroid hormone conversion through the specific expression of steroidogenic enzymes in adipose tissue (adipose tissue intracrinology) and discusses the potential impact of local adipose tissue steroid metabolism on the regulation of adipocyte function and other metabolic parameters. Several studies have demonstrated significant steroid hormone uptake and conversion by adipose tissues from various body sites and in various cell fractions. Activities and/or mRNAs of aromatase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 3alpha-HSD, 11beta-HSD, 17beta-HSD, 7alpha-hydroxylase, 17alpha-hydroxylase, 5alpha-reductase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 have been detected in adipose tissue or adipose cells. These studies have demonstrated potentially important roles for these enzymes in obesity, central fat accumulation, and the metabolic syndrome. Future studies on adipose tissue intracrinology will contribute further to our understanding of steroid action in adipocytes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The kinetic occipital region in human visual cortex.

In the present study we showed that the kinetic occipital (KO) region, located laterally in occipital cortex approximately 20 mm behind human MT/V5, can be strongly and bilaterally activated under passive viewing conditions. We used continuous, randomly changing visual stimulation to compare kinetic gratings to uniform motion and kinetic gratings to luminance defined gratings. The KO activations under these passive conditions are stronger than those observed when the two types of gratings are compared under active conditions, i.e. while subjects perform a task (counting gratings of a given orientation). Region KO was shown to process both shape and motion information, the conjunction of which is typically present in kinetic contours. Area MT/V5 also processes these two aspects of visual stimulation but favors motion signals. Clear segregation of shape and motion processing was observed only in occipitotemporal and parietal regions respectively. Although neurons with properties similar to those derived from the conditions activating the KO region have been documented in the macaque monkey, their location seems inappropriate for them to correspond to the KO activation observed in humans.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anxiety and depressive disorders in tobacco dependence].

The association between tobacco dependence and various forms of anxiety and depressive disorders is well established. The presence of these disorders constitutes a key cause of failure in subjects seeking to stop smoking. In addition to the clinically manifest forms of such anomalies, systematic screening for minor forms of these disorders was performed at the Centre for Tobacco Studies of Créteil, France; as well as the standard questionnaire concerning personal and familial history and current psychological well-being, subjects were asked to complete two self-questionnaires, the HAD (Hospital Anxiety Depression score) and the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory, abridged version) together with the MINI (structured mini-interview). In a series of 400 heavy smokers, sub-syndromes of such anxiety and depressive disorders were noted in 34% of subjects, and a combination of anxiety and depressive disorders was seen in 2/3 of these subjects, mainly general anxiety and social phobia, which were frequently preceded by depressive episodes. In these forms of tobacco dependence with anxiety and depressive disorder, relapse was very common in spite of nicotine substitution therapy (NST), usually as a result of a depressive episode that tended to subside very rapidly on resumption of cigarette smoking. Psychotropic therapy involving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) coupled with NST resulted in lasting success accompanied by an often unexpected and spectacular improvement in psychological status. These findings confirm the role of mood disorders in tobacco addiction in keeping with other types of addiction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anal human papillomavirus DNA screening by Hybrid Capture II in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with or without anal intercourse.

High risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have emerged as risk factors for anal carcinoma, of which incidence is higher in HIV-positive patients than in the general population. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for anal HPV infections in HIV-positive patients with or without history of anal intercourse. Fifty HIV 1-infected patients (36 men and 14 women) were tested at entry and followed-up every 3 months for one year for the presence of anal HPV DNA by the Hybrid Capture II trade mark assay. A series of 50 HIV-negative subjects matched for age and sex served as controls. At enrollment, anal HPV DNA was present in 29/50 HIV-positive patients (58 %) and in 3/50 control subjects (6 %). High risk (HR) HPV genotypes were detected in 20/50 HIV-positive patients (40 %) with no difference in homosexual men and other HIV-positive patients. Risk factors for HPV infection were CD4 + cell counts less than 500/microL (RR: 2.13 [95 % CI: 1.0-4.7]) and history of anogenital warts (RR: 2.36 [95 % CI: 1.2-4.6]). The HPV load was higher in patients with CD4+ < or = 500/microL than in patients with CD4 + > 500/microL (p < 0.04). During the follow-up, anal HR HPV DNA was repeatedly identified at high levels in 5 HIV-positive patients. There is some convincing evidence that HIV-positive patients with low CD4+ cells, whatever the routes of HIV transmission, have a high rate of anal HPV infection and might be at increased risk of developing anal neoplastic lesions. Identifying HR HPV infection might be warranted in immunosuppressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Video-capsule endoscopy for small bowel investigation].

Capsule endoscopy is a new technique of exploration which enables to visualize the entire small bowel. Occult or unexplained digestive bleeding currently constitutes on major indication of this technique. The aim of this study is to report the results obtained among 15 patients investigated by capsule endoscopy and to discuss the place of this new technique in the small bowel exploration.

Adolescent↗