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Biomedical subjects

P Dujardin

Publications and source records attributed to P Dujardin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Operating the European Drawer Rack on the ISS.

The Erasmus User Centre, located at ESTEC in Noordwijk, will have overall responsibility for the preparation and execution of operations for the European Drawer Rack (EDR) facility in the European Columbus laboratory on the International Space Station (ISS). Together with the national User Support and Operations Centres (USOCs) involved in the operation of experiments on the ISS, it will form the network conducting the decentralised payload operations baselined for the European elements of the ISS.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1999

[Cancer in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The unusual aspects].

CANCER AND HIV INFECTION: As the HIV epidemic advances, the spectrum of non-AIDS defining malignancy is expanding. Recent reports suggest an increased incidence of skin cancers, squamous cell carcinomas of the anus, and Hodgkin's disease in HIV-infected patients. Other neoplasms encountered in this setting include oral mucosa, head and neck carcinoma without evidence of increased incidence. PARTICULAR FEATURES: The natural history of lung, testicle and skin cancer (excepting Kaposi sarcoma) as well as ENT cancer appears to be modified in HIV-infected patients. The main problem raised by these tumors is confounding infection which may lead to late diagnosis or an error in tumor staging.

HIV Infections↗
PubMed1999

[Bronchopulmonary cancer, antiphospholipid syndrome and coagulation disorders].

INTRODUCTION: The antiphospholipid syndrome includes recurrent thrombotic manifestations related to antiphospholipid antibodies. Adrenal insufficiency is a rare complication of the antiphospholipid syndrome. EXEGESIS: We report a case of acute adrenal insufficiency secondary to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in a 45-year-old man. The finding of antiphospholipid antibodies and 6 months later of a polymetastatic bronchopulmonary cancer led us to diagnose a paraneoplasic antiphospholipid syndrome. CONCLUSION: We discuss the role of coagulation disorders in the pathogenesis of tumor growth and rapid metastatic spread. Assessment of the high risk for thrombosis may be of prognostic and therapeutic value in patients with evolutive bronchopulmonary cancer. Early anticoagulation treatment in association with classical treatment of cancer may contribute to prevent malignant process from extending and avoid metastatic spread.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1998

[Hypercalcemia associated with hyperleukocytosis, a new paraneoplastic syndrome].

BACKGROUND: The association of hypercalcemia and leukocytosis constitutes a novel paraneoplastic syndrome rarely reported in the course of head and neck and lung squamous cell carcinoma. We report 7 new cases. CASE REPORTS: In 5 cases the diagnosis was well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, in 1 differentiated non-small-cell carcinoma and in 1 adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. There was no argument favoring hyperparathyroidism in any of the cases. Microbiology tests were negative and large spectrum antibiotics were unsuccessful, eliminating an associated infection as cause of the leukocytosis. DISCUSSION: This association probably involves the secretion of hematopoietic growth factors such as G-CSF or GM-CSF by the tumor, acting simultaneously on osteoclasts and granulomonocytic cells which have common precursers.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Lung cancer in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical course and therapeutic implications].

OBJECTIVES: HIV infection is associated with increased frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Like other malignancies, lung cancer has been described in HIV-infected patients although no evidence of a statistical correlation has been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 15 HIV-infected patients with lung cancer. The patients were relatively younger (mean age 45 years) than is commonly found in lung cancer cohorts. RESULTS: The 15 patients had mild immunodepression (240 CD4+/mm3) and were in advanced clinical stage at diagnosis. Mean overall survival was 6 months and no clinical or biological prognostic factors were found. Death was usually due to infection, suggesting a synergetic effect between HIV and chemotherapy-induced immunodepression. CONCLUSION: We propose early antiretroviral therapy in cases of chemotherapy-treated HIV patients, even when commonly accepted immunological and/or clinical criteria are absent.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Tyrosine kinase: implications in tumor pathology and therapeutic perspectives].

The tyrosine kinase family includes growth factor receptor and cytoplasmic enzymes. It plays a key role in normal cell division and abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation. The most common tyrosine kinases are the epidermal-growth factor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, and a chromosome Philadelphia product, the Bcr-abl oncogene. Many studies have attempted to correlate clinical evolution of tumors with tyrosine kinase expression. However, clinical application of these new prognostic factors has not yet been demonstrated. More recently, tyrosine-phosphorylation inhibitors (tryphostin) have been developed in phase I studies. Results that were obtained show some objective responses in patients with glioblastoma and polymetastatic cancer. Another approach to block tyrosine kinase expression is the use of monoclonal antibodies. Trials using such antibodies have shown interesting preliminary results.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

[Hyponatremia during treatment with cisplatin].

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin is one of the most widely used agents in cancer treatment. Cisplatin regimens can lead to a more or less pronounced hyponatremia in 4 to 10% of cases due to salt wasting with hypomagnesemia and normokaliemia. Functional and renal failure and orthostatic hypotension can be observed. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old woman with brain metastases of a non-small-cell lung cancer was given a chemotherapy regimen containing cisplatin. Hyponatremia with confusion occurred after each cisplatin perfusion. The diagnosis retained was cisplatin-induced salt wasting. The patient was given salt prolonged supplementation and carboplatin was substituted for cisplatin in the chemotherapy regimen. DISCUSSION: Hyponatremia frequently occurs in cancer patients. Cisplatin-induced hyponatremia requires specific management. Treatment is based on sodium intake which sometimes takes several months to replete stores. Carboplatin can be used instead of cisplatin in case of major hyponatremia.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Spinal cord compression of sarcoidosis origin: a case].

This observation reports the case of a rapid paraparesia occurring in a young man. Imaging disclosed a spina tumor. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis leads us to suspect a specific spinal granuloma involvement and to start corticosteroid pulses. Clinical and radiological symptoms improved dramatically.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Edwardsellia tarda septicemia in chronic lymphoid leukemia].

Edwardsiella tarda is a Gram negative bacilli. At least 300 cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report a new case of Edwardsiella tarda septicemia in an immunocompromised patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chief infections associated with this bacterium include bacterial gastroenteritis and septicemia with fatal evolution in 50% of cases. Risk factors associated with Edwardsiella tarda infections include exposure to aquatic environments and exotic animals. Although studies indicate that this bacterium is susceptible to most commonly prescribed antibiotics, it is interesting to note that in our case, Edwardsiella tarda was resistant to numerous beta-lactamins.

Bacteremia↗