Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Ducrotte

Publications and source records attributed to P Ducrotte.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of two oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate formulations on the motility of the small intestine in human beings.

Fourteen-membered macrolides are known to produce alterations in digestive tract motor activity; these include the induction of strong gastric contractions and a decrease in the motility of the small intestine. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different formulations of erythromycin ethylsuccinate (EE) on duodenojejunal motility. Compared with the more commonly used crystalline formulation of EE (CEE), the amorphous formulation (AEE) has previously been described to have greater bioavailability and to induce significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects when given at therapeutic and what have been considered to be equivalent oral doses (i.e., CEE, 1,000 mg every 12 h; AEE, 500 mg every 12 h). In a crossover double-blind study, duodenojejunal manometric recordings were performed for 10 volunteers treated with placebo, CEE at 1,000 mg, or AEE at 500 mg. Recordings for each volunteer were obtained for a fed period after a standard dinner and then for a nocturnal fasting period. When compared with the placebo, CEE significantly decreased the motility index of the duodenum during the 30 min after the peak serum erythromycin concentrations, shortened the duration of the fed state, and had no effect during the fasting state. In contrast, AEE did not significantly modify any motility parameter. Because AEE produced significantly lower concentrations in serum than CEE, these results do not necessarily imply that the two formulations of EE act differently on the motility of the small intestine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Ileal involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome).

Intestinal involvement in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has been identified only rarely. This report describes a case of TEN with ileal manifestations characterized by a profuse diarrhea with malabsorption, protein-losing enteropathy, and radiologically by multiple stenosis. After healing of the cutaneous lesions, total parenteral nutrition was initiated, resulting in a decreased diarrhea. However, after one month of total parenteral nutrition, malabsorption and protein-losing enteropathy continued and the radiological lesions were still present with an aspect consistent with a sclerotic process. A surgical resection of the pathological ileal segment was performed with end-to-end anastomosis. Pathological examination of the resected segment showed a necrosis of the ileal mucosa with a pattern similar to that of the epidermal necrosis. No sclerosis was observed. It seems that a prolonged total parenteral nutrition could have induced a complete healing of intestinal lesions. This case report is the first clinical, radiological, and histological study of an ileal involvement in TEN.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1991

External anal sphincter function in spinal patients. Electromyographic and manometric study.

Six patients with complete transection of the spinal cord and six healthy volunteers were examined by using anorectal manometry together with electromyographic (EMG) recording of the external anal sphincter composed of striated muscle. Anal pressure and EMG activity of the external anal sphincter were continuously recorded at rest and during gradual rectal distention (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ml) by means of an air-filled balloon eliciting a rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) at the upper part, and an inflation reflex (IR) at the lower part of the anal canal. All patients and controls had a RAIR for each rectal distention volume. A relationship between the duration of the RAIR and the rectal distention volume was present in controls only. In controls the IR was present for each rectal distention volume, whereas it was present in only one patient for a 40-ml volume. During the resting period, all controls showed continuous tonic EMG activity of the external anal sphincter, but after 30 minutes all the patients showed a decrease and ultimately in five cases a disappearance of the tonic EMG activity of the external anal sphincter. In spinal patients, the presence or absence of EMG activity of the external anal sphincter did not modify the anal canal pressure. These results indicate that: 1) the tonic EMG activity of the external anal sphincter seems to be under the control of supraspinal structures, because in spinal patients it disappears in the absence of sensitive inputs toward the spinal cord; 2) the absence of EMG activity at rest indicates that the external anal sphincter is not implicated in the RAIR disturbances observed in spinal patients; 3) the IR is not a spinal reflex but is under voluntary control, because it is not present in spinal humans; 4) in spinal humans the tonic EMG activity of the external anal sphincter does not play a role in the maintenance of the anal pressure at rest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate combination on the motility of the small intestine in human beings.

The amoxicillin-clavulanate combination (Augmentin) frequently induces gastric complaints and diarrhea by an unknown mechanism. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two orally therapeutic regimens of amoxicillin-clavulanate on small bowel motility in human beings. Duodeno-jejunal manometric recordings were performed in six healthy subjects treated in a cross-over double-blind study with placebo; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 1 g plus 250 mg per os every 12 h for 3 days; or amoxicillin-clavulanate, 1 g plus 250 mg per os every 12 h on day 3 only (1-day regimen). Recordings were all performed on day 3 during a diurnal fasting period, a fed state after a standard dinner, and a nocturnal fasting period. Amoxicillin-clavulanate did not affect the motility of the small intestine during the diurnal fast or the fed state. During the nocturnal fast, amoxicillin-clavulanate significantly increased the motility index of the nonpropagated contractions and tended to increase the duration and the amplitude of the propagated contractions. The same digestive motor effect was already observed on the first day of treatment (1-day regimen). This study demonstrates that the oral administration of a therapeutic regimen of amoxicillin-clavulanate is associated, in most cases, with the occurrence of small intestinal motor disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Could recurrent cholangitis after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy be explained by motor intestinal anomalies? A manometric study.

The aim of this study was to describe the motor patterns found in two patients with recurrent cholangitis episodes after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. In one patient, cholangitis was due to a stenosis of the anastomosis between the limb and the left intrahepatic bile duct, while motility of the limb, duodenum, and distal jejunum was normal. In the second patient, no anatomical explanation was found for cholangitis attacks. However, although the duodenal motor activity was normal, the motility of the limb and of the jejunum below the jejunojejunal anastomosis was grossly abnormal: permanent minute rhythm, phase IIIs absent or rare and slowly propagated, all motor abnormalities that could promote bacterial overgrowth in the limb. This stresses the interest in performing motor studies of the Roux-limb when cholangitis remains unexplained after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1990

The effect of enprostil on duodeno-jejunal motility in man.

Motor changes could be involved in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea that complicates the treatment of ulcer disease by prostaglandins. Our aim was to assess the effect of enprostil, a synthetic analogue of PGE2, on duodeno-jejunal motility. During this randomized double-blind crossover study, two manometric recordings, each lasting 20 h (12.00-08.00 hours), were carried out during dosing with 35 micrograms enprostil b.d. or placebo (eight volunteers: part 1), or during dosing with 35 or 70 micrograms enprostil b.d. (nine volunteers: part 2). Subjects were only allowed a standard dinner at 18.00 hours. During fasting, in part 1, the number of phase 3 activity patterns (PIIIs) was higher with enprostil than with placebo (P less than 0.01), without any difference in their characteristics; the overall duration of phase 1 activity was longer with enprostil than with placebo (P less than 0.01). In part 2, during fasting the number and characteristics of the PIIIs were not different, but there was a dose-related increase in PI, and decrease in PII activity. Fed motor patterns did not differ between the two doses of enprostil.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Manometric study of two Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy].

The aim of this study was to describe (during the fasting state in two patients the motor activity of the limb in Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy). In the two patients, the limb was created 15 years and 15 days prior to the study respectively. Recordings were performed with a low compliance pneumohydraulic system below the jejuno-jejunal anastomosis then in the limb. Motor studies in the limb were coupled with recordings carried out in the duodenum. In both patients, the regular occurrence of a typical phase III (PIII) activity was demonstrated in the limb whereas no retrograde or abnormal motor patterns were found. PIIIs in the limb were uncoordinated with duodenal PIIIs. Trimebutine, given intravenously, induced a typical PIII activity in the duodenum and the limb simultaneously. Spontaneous or trimebutine-induced PIIIs in the limb had a slower migration velocity (p less than 0.01) than duodenal PIIIs. Lastly, we were unable to record PIIIs in the distal jejunum below the jejuno-jejunal anastomosis despite the lack of associated abnormal motor patterns. This study demonstrates that a normally propagated PIII activity can be observed in the limb in Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy immediately or several years after the surgical procedure.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMed1989

Jejunal motility during cyclic total parenteral nutrition in patients with Crohn's disease.

Our aim was to study the jejunal motility (a) in seven patients receiving longterm (median: 24 days) cyclic total parenteral nutrition (CTPN) for an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease involving the ileum and/or the colon without any sign of occlusion and (b) in six healthy volunteers undergoing the same parenteral nutrition for one day after an overnight fast. Continuous recordings, lasting 20 hours, were carried out in patients after correction of their nutritional status and significant improvement of the Crohn's disease activity index. In five of the seven patients, we recorded seven to 14 phase III episodes (PIII) (median: 10), both more frequent and slower during the nocturnal part of the recording time as compared with diurnal. Seven to 18 PIIIs (median: 12) were found in controls. The overall duration of the motor activity was not different between these five patients and controls. In the remaining two patients, no PIII episode was recorded and 79% and 57% respectively of the whole recording time consisted of irregular motor activity. Our work therefore, shows that: (a) PIIIs remain and have a circadian variation in their periodicity and propagation velocity, in most of our patients undergoing longterm CTPN (b) CTPN does not determine a longer duration of motor rest of the small bowel in patients than in controls submitted for a short period of time to the same parenteral intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by anti-inflammatory agents].

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and evolutive characteristics of gastroduodenal bleeding occurring in patients receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs, containing salicylates or not, and to determine the relative toxicity of the NSAI drugs without salicylates. Eight hundred and fourty-five consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to endoscopically proven peptic ulcer or gastroduodenal erosions were admitted between 1983 and June 1987 to an intensive care unit for digestive tract hemorrhage. Of these, 267 were using anti-inflammatory drugs; 151 (56 p. 100) were taking NSAI drugs other than salicylates, 97 salicylates (36 p. 100) and 10, steroids (4 p. 100). Patients taking nonsteroidal drugs without or with salicylates were compared with patients bleeding from gastroduodenal ulcer or erosion not receiving anti-inflammatory therapy. Patients receiving nonsteroidal drugs not containing salicylates were older (70 p. 100 over 65 years of age vs 46 p. 100, p less than 0.001) and the proportion of female patients was greater (54 p. 100 vs 33 p. 100, p less than 0.001) than in the other group. No significant difference was observed with regard to the following parameters: percentage of gastric lesions, concomitant anticoagulant therapy, need for surgical hemostasis, or mortality. Patients taking aspirin had more gastric lesions (75 p. 100 vs 64 p. 100, p less than 0.05) and less need for surgical hemostasis (7 p. 100 vs 15 p. 100, p less than 0.05); the other parameters did not differ. NSAI drugs other than salicylates were taken more often for osteoarthritis than salicylates (33.6 p. 100 vs 17.4 p. 100, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between results of radiological pelvic floor study and anorectal manometry in patients consulting for constipation.

The aim of this study was to assess (a) the incidence of perineal descent and (b) the relationship between radiological abnormalities of the pelvic floor and rectoanal manometric disturbances in patients consulting for constipation. Lateral radiographs in both the left lateral and supine positions studied pelvic floor descent. Results obtained in the 25 patients (mean age 47 years) studied were compared with those of 12 controls (mean age 58 years). Pelvic floor descent, never seen in controls, was demonstrated in 14 patients who were older (53 +/- 3 years, mean +/- SD) than the 11 with a normal radiological examination (38 +/- 3 years, p less than 0.05). Anal low pressures (3 cases) and a low amplitude of rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) (5 cases) were shown only in patients with perineal descent and anal high pressures only in those with normal radiology. Our results suggest that (a) perineal descent is a common finding in over 50% of constipated patients and (b) anorectal motility is related to pelvic floor function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of intravenous and intraduodenal fat on jejunal motility and on plasma cholecystokinin in man.

The effects of intravenous and intraduodenal fat on jejunal motility were studied in nine normal volunteers. Using a nitrogen hydraulic infusion system, recording was performed continuously during 4 hr of fasting and 5 hr of 100 ml/hr infusion of fat (Intralipid 10%) given either intraduodenally (group ID) or intravenously (group IV) and 9 hr after the end of fat administration successively. The two experiments were performed at seven-day intervals in random order. In six of the nine subjects, a third experiment, in which 20 g of cholestyramine was given by mouth during intraduodenal fat infusion (group ID + C), was carried out. Venous blood samples were drawn for measurement of serum triglyceride levels and radioimmunoassay of plasma cholecystokinin. Intraduodenal fat, alone or plus cholestyramine, induced a significant reduction in incidence of phase III of the migrating motor complex. Intravenous fat reduced the incidence of phase III. However, this reduction was significant only during the last 3 hr of fat infusion, corresponding to the highest serum triglyceride concentration. In the three groups, fat infusion induced a significant increase in duration of phase II, leading to a postprandial-like pattern. Plasma cholecystokinin increased significantly in the three groups during fat administration, with a significant positive correlation between serum triglyceride concentration and plasma cholecystokinin in the group IV. The data suggest that, in addition to its known inhibitory effects on activity fronts when acting luminally, fat given intravenously may inhibit phase III activity. The effects in both instances may be mediated in part by cholecystokinin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Digestive motility during enteral nutrition].

During continuous enteral nutrition, continuing gastric emptying with a constant intragastric volume is observed, which depends on the rate of intragastric infusion. Initiation of enteral nutrition produces a temporary interruption in the propagation of peristaltic waves in the small intestine followed by a recovery of motility such as during fasting. This effect is variable depending on the type of nutritive mixture administered. Finally, the gall bladder demonstrates constant contraction. Colonic motricity has not been studied.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1987

Biofeedback training for constipation in adults and children.

Forty-two patients complaining of constipation with abnormal anorectal motility were studied: 20 children and 6 adult females had a decreased rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) amplitude and 16 adult females had anal hypertonia and ultra slow waves (USW). Biofeedback training was used to condition the patients to relax the anal sphincter during the desire to defecate. After two to eight (mean, 4) training sessions, the authors observed simultaneously a normal RAIR amplitude and recovery from constipation for at least six months in 15 children and five females with decreased RAIR amplitude. Nine of the adult females with hypertonia and USW were able to suppress USW but did not recover from constipation. The data suggest that biofeedback training could be useful in some groups of constipated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Palliative treatment of rectosigmoid carcinoma by laser endoscopic photoablation.

Ninety-five patients underwent endoscopic outpatient neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet or argon laser treatments for palliation (relief of obstruction, control of bleeding or discharge) of rectosigmoid carcinoma at the Lille Multidisciplinary Laser Center. All patients were classified as inoperable because of coincident medical conditions or extent of tumor. Two groups were identified as follows: 10 group 1 patients had exophytic tumors less than 3 cm in diameter, and 85 group 2 patients had more advanced tumors. Local control of the tumor was obtained in all patients in group 1 without complication. Eighty-five percent of group 2 patients were symptomatically improved by the treatment. The survival rate (by life table analysis method) at 24 mo was only 19%, but the percentage of surviving patients who remained symptomatically improved was high [90% (3 mo) to 68% (24 mo)]. Factors influencing improvement or survival rates include the main symptom at the beginning of treatment, reason for choosing laser treatment, and circumferential extent of tumor base. There was one fatal perforation and one perirectal abscess. Laser photoablation was able to locally control small rectosigmoid carcinomas in patients unable to undergo incisional surgery. Laser treatment provided relief of symptoms in inoperable patients with advanced rectosigmoid carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Gastro-oesophageal reflux and alcoholic cirrhosis. A reappraisal.

The oesophageal pH was recorded for 3 h after a test-meal in 27 healthy control subjects (group I), 40 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (group II), and 22 patients with a normal liver and symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux (control refluxers). Gastro-oesophageal reflux was observed in 10 of the cirrhotic patients. Marked reflux episodes lasted longer in cirrhotic refluxers than in control refluxers (P less than 0.05). The frequency of ascites, bleeding from ruptured oesophageal varices, peripheral neuropathy and hepatic encephalopathy were not significantly different according to presence or absence of reflux. Plasma concentrations of gastrin, somatostatin, motilin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured in groups I and II. Fasting plasma motilin levels, and the release of motilin and of VIP after the meal were higher in group II than in group I. Basal levels and post-prandial profiles of the four peptides tested did not differ between cirrhotics with or without gastro-oesophageal reflux. We conclude that in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: gastro-oesophageal reflux is frequent (25%) and characterized by prolonged reflux episodes; reflux is not correlated with the degree of liver failure and plays no significant role in the rupture of oesophageal varices; and raised plasma motilin and VIP levels cannot account for the high incidence of reflux in cirrhotics.

Adult↗