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Biomedical subjects

P Drábek

Publications and source records attributed to P Drábek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[S.K. Zeidler (1620-1689) on drugs].

In 1687, S. K. Zeidler, professor of the Faculty of Medicine in Prague, published his textbook on the fundamentals of medicine entitled Institutiones Medicae. About one third of it deals with drugs containing prevalently substances of plant origin. Besides theoretical problems solved under the influence of humoral pathology, Zeidler also discusses practical issues. For example, he describes thirty-eight dosage forms with examples of medical prescriptions. Great attention is also paid to dosages of medicinal preparations.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1998

Biochemical markers for differentiation of exposures to nonplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, or 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in trout liver.

The effects of a single intraperitoneal dose of the prototypical contaminant nonplanar 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153, 50 mg/kg), p,p'-DDE (50 mg/kg), or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, 200 ng/kg) on the activities of hepatic detoxification enzymes were examined in the liver of immature rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Different modulations of the tested xenobiotics on microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent testosterone hydroxylase activities were found: PCB 153 specifically induced 16beta-hydroxylase activity, whereas p,p'-DDE decreased cytochrome P4503A-dependent 6beta-hydroxylation as well as 16alpha- and 2alpha-hydroxylation. TCDD did not modulate testosterone hydroxylase activities, but a strong induction of cytochrome P4501A activity was observed after TCDD administration; hence, cytochrome P4501A is not involved in the hydroxylation of testosterone. Trout hepatic microsomal glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, enhanced by all the xenobiotics tested, was found to be a sensitive nonspecific biochemical marker of oxidative stress; cytosolic glutathione reductase was a less sensitive indicator of oxidative stress and was induced significantly only by treatment with p,p'-DDE. Cytosolic GST activity toward ethacrynic acid (GST-ETHA) was induced by PCB 153 or p,p'-DDE, but not by TCDD. Modulations of hepatic microsomal testosterone hydroxylase activities and induction of GST-ETHA appeared to be suitable biochemical markers of acute exposure to nonplanar PCBs and organochlorines that do not induce cytochrome P4501A enzymes in rainbow trout, whereas microsomal GST and cytosolic glutathione reductase may become early biochemical indicators of oxidative stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of chronic exposure to PCBs on cytochrome P450 systems and steroidogenesis in liver and testis of bulls (Bos taurus).

Effects of chronic exposure to PCBs on the microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in liver and testis of bulls (Bos taurus) were determined by comparing the constitutive and PCB-induced alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase and testosterone hydroxylase activities. Specific inductions of the prevailing hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation and 6 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone are suggestive of the induction of CYP1A1 and CYP3A-like enzymes by PCBs. A high level of PCB-inducible androstenedione formation was also found. The hepatic CYP2B activities (i.e. pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase and testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylase) and CYP2C11-like testosterone 2 alpha-hydroxylase were increased only weakly. The testicular microsomal CYP activities were non-specifically reduced by the PCB exposure, except for the androstenedione formation and 16 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone. The inhibition of the activity of mitochondrial CYP11A, as the rate-limiting enzyme of steroidogenesis measured with resorufin 3 beta-hydroxy-22,23-bisnor-5-cholenyl ether as the fluorogenic substrate, exceeded 50% in testes of the PCB-contaminated bulls. The latter activity as well as the hepatic testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation and hepatic and testicular androstenedione formation may significantly contribute to the decrease in testosterone levels after the PCB intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[500 years since the birth of G. Agricola, a physician and pharmacist in Jáchymov].

Georgius Agricola (1494-1555) had graduated in medicine and then he chose the mining town of Jáchymov as the first place for practicing his profession and became the municipal physician and pharmacist there in 1527. There he wrote his first book on mining as well as a comparative study of ancient measures and weights, necessary for correct preparation of medicines according to the recipes of ancient authors. In 1533 he moved house to the Saxon town of Chemnitz. Besides practicing medicine he dedicated himself to mineralogy and mining, which made him famous. The paper also draws attention to some other writings of his, particularly his treatise on plague (1554).

Germany↗
PubMed1991

[Anterior choroidal artery syndromes].

Three cases of anterior choroidal artery territorial infarction, diagnosed by computerized tomography, with the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia, pure motor stroke and ataxic hemiparesis are described. Major and minor (lacular) infarctions in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery involve almost exclusively the basal segment of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and manifest themselves by symptoms of long pathway lesion. Based on the published case reports and the authors' own observations, the complete capsular syndrome characterized by the triad of hemiplegia, hemianaesthesia and hemianopia was differentiated from partial capsular syndromes including the following forms: pure motor stroke, pure sensory stroke, sensorimotor stroke, sensory stroke with hemiataxia, ataxic hemiparesis, dysarthria and/or clumsy hand, and homonymous hemianopia (quadrantanopia or sectoranopia). The characteristic features of the above types of capsular syndromes were analyzed. Distant symptoms of territorial infarctions involving the anterior choroidal artery are transcortical sensory or motor aphasias and construction apraxia in the dominant hemisphere, left side perception failure and visual-construction apraxia in the non-dominant hemisphere, and cerebellar hemiataxia. These distant symptoms are a manifestation of distant cortical or cerebellar metabolic depression due to the mechanism of diaschisis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The basilar artery terminal branch syndrome. Paramedian meso-thalamic infarct].

The author describes two cases of paramedian mesothalamic infarction as part of multiple infarctions in occlusions of the top of the basilar and peduncular segment of the posterior cerebral artery. Based on published work and the author's own observations, the clinical syndrome of this infarction was defined and comprises five symptoms: impaired consciousness, amnestic syndrome and paralysis of vertical views due damage of formations in the area of paramedian thalamo-subthalamic (thalamoperforate) arteries by neuropsychic abnormalities and contralateral hemidefects due to damage of structures in the neighbouring thalamic and parathalamic areas.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Basilar artery migraine].

The author describes two clinical observations of migraine of the basilar artery: with infarction of the cerebellar hemisphere in a 21-year-old woman and migraine equivalents of transient homonymous hemianopsia in a 27-year-old man. The author analyzed the clinical picture and assessed seven diagnostic criteria of migraine of the basilar artery. In the prophylaxis of migrainous attacks in both instanes metipranolol-80 mg/day-proved effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome].

Two clinical observations of Raeder's paratrigeminal syndrome were described: an isolated form elicited by dissecting aneurysm of internal carotid artery and a combined form caused by intracavernous aneurysm of internal carotid. An analysis of published and the author's cases enabled determination of topical varieties of Raeder's syndrome. Miosis in Raeder's syndrome is of two types according to retained or disappeared pupilloconstriction reactions. In intracranial topical varieties--intracavernous, retrocavernous and supracavernous--the Raeder's syndrome is mostly of combined character, in extracranial lesions of internal carotid it is isolated or combined.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Hypertension hemorrhage into the 3d ventricle].

The authors describe two clinical observations of hypertensive haemorrhage into the third ventricle: in a 46-year-old hypertonic female patient who survived without any sequelae and in a 48-year-old hypertonic male patient who died from the sequelae of an expansive haematoma in the third ventricle, the aqueduct and fourth ventricle. The authors analyzed the aetiology, clinical and CT picture of primary ventricular haemorrhage, they define prognostically favourable and adverse signs and assess the criteria of surgical and medicamentous treatment.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗