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Biomedical subjects

P Dournovo

Publications and source records attributed to P Dournovo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Chronic diffuse interstitial pneumonia associated with chronic active hepatitis. 2 cases].

Two cases of chronic active hepatitis associated with diffuse interstitial pneumonia (lymphoid in one patient, lymphoid and fibrosing in the other) are reported. Histopathological data from the lungs, together with the parallel course of pulmonary and hepatic manifestations observed under corticosteroid therapy, suggest that these two diseases shared a common dysimmune pathogenesis. A few cases identical with these have been found in the literature. The clinical, laboratory and histopathological elements obtained from these cases also suggest an immune cause in most patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The penetration of macrolides into bronchial secretions.

Macrolides have shown efficacy in the treatment of a large range of respiratory infections. These antibiotics are well tolerated, have a narrow antibacterial spectrum, and excellent diffusion properties. We have studied the penetration into bronchial secretions of three macrolides, erythromycin, josamycin and oleandomycin. The bronchial concentrations of erythromycin reached an average of 1 mg/l 2 h after oral administration of 1 g; they were lower for josamycin (0.52 mg/l) but the ratio between bronchial and simultaneous serum concentrations was similar for both drugs. Bronchial levels of oleandomycin were rapidly higher than the serum levels, reaching 3 to 4 mg/l, a ratio of more than 100%. Other studies on tissue concentrations of erythromycin and josamycin showed local levels of 4 to 6 mg/l, whereas in bronchial secretions the concentrations were identical to those measured in our study. On the whole, the good diffusion of macrolides into respiratory tissues and secretions as well as in-vitro antibacterial activity against most species responsible for respiratory infections confirm their indication in the treatment of these infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influence of a fluidifying agent (bromhexine) on the penetration of antibiotics into respiratory secretions.

The authors report the results of a study designed to evaluate the possible increase of penetration into bronchial secretions of antibiotics when combined with a fluidifying agent: bromhexine. The study was carried out in a double-blind experiment: erythromycin in 22 patients (group I) or amoxycillin in 26 patients (group II) were administered orally; in both groups several patients were given a placebo, instead of bromhexine. Antibiotics were administered at the usual dosage: 0.5 g X 2 for erythromycin (3 days); 1 g X 2 for amoxycillin (7 days); with the latter, two different doses of bromhexine were administered simultaneously: 48 mg/day and 96 mg/day in ten and eight patients respectively. Samples of bronchial secretions were collected by means of fibreoptic bronchoscopy at the second hour for erythromycin and for amoxycillin; simultaneous serum samples were also collected. The results of the study showed in both groups a significant increase of the ratios between bronchial levels and simultaneous serum concentrations when combined with bromhexine; in patients receiving amoxycillin with 96 mg of bromhexine the percentage penetration was noticeably higher (7.5%) than in those treated with 48 mg bromhexine (4.3%). These results confirm the efficacy of bromhexine as a drug able to disrupt mucopolysaccharides of bronchial secretions and, as a result, to increase the bronchial penetration of antimicrobial drugs as evaluated on the basis of percentage penetration ratio.

Bromhexine↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of pulmonary histiocytosis X by immunodetection of Langerhans cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Based on the finding that Langerhans cells and histiocytosis X cells react with the monoclonal antibody OKT6, raised against a subset of thymocytes, we used this antibody to study the cells collected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 131 patients, including 18 with pulmonary histiocytosis X, 43 with pulmonary sarcoidosis, 67 with miscellaneous pulmonary disorders, and 3 controls. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of OKT6-reactive cells in all patients with pulmonary histiocytosis X (mean +/- SEM, 5.29% +/- 1.14% of all cells in BAL fluid). Immunoelectron microscopic studies revealed that the cells labeled in these patients (n = 13) contained Langerhans granules. The number of fluorescent cells in the other 113 patients was significantly smaller (mean +/- SEM, 0.20% +/- 0.04% of all cells; P less than 0.001). In the 3 control patients, in the 43 patients with sarcoidosis, and in 61 of the 67 patients with miscellaneous disorders unrelated to histiocytosis X, no cells or less than 1% of the total were labeled; however, in the 6 remaining patients in this miscellaneous group, 1.3 to 2.8% of all cells in BAL were labeled. In 3 of these 6 patients, immunoelectronmicroscopic examination showed that the cells labeled by OKT6 had the general characteristics of Langerhans cells but lacked Langerhans granules. OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies did not stain histiocytosis X cells in BAL fluid.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of a secretolytic agent (bromhexine) on the penetration of erythromycin into bronchial secretions].

The authors report the results of a double blind study in 22 patients on the penetration of erythromycin into bronchial secretion. The antibiotic erythromycin was administered in combination with bromhexine, which is known to disrupt mucopolysaccharide fibers in respiratory secretions. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the possible increase of the rate of penetration of erythromycin when combined with bromhexine. The study was carried out in a double blind experiment; bronchial secretions were obtained from patients with bronchial hypersecretion by means of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The assessment of erythromycin concentrations in all samples was performed by means of microbiological agar diffusion method. The results of the investigation show a significant increase of the ratios between bronchial levels and simultaneous serum concentrations of erythromycin when administered in combination with bromhexine. The results of this preliminary study suggest the continuation of similar investigations with other antibiotics usually administered for the treatment of respiratory infections.

Bromhexine↗
PubMed1982

[Penetration of cefotaxime into bronchial secretions].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the penetration into bronchial secretions, of cefotaxime, a new highly-active cephalosporin. The study was performed in 45 patients with respiratory infections. The doses and the route of administration of the drug were different in 3 groups of patients: 10 patients received 0.750 g and 20 received 1 g intramuscularly; 10 patients received a 30 min IV Infusion of 2 g of cefotaxime. Bronchial samples were taken by means of fiberoptic bronchoscopy, after a single dose in all patients, and, respectively, after 3 and 7 days treatment in 30 and 15 patients. Simultaneous serum samples were collected in order to determine relationship between bronchial and corresponding serum levels. Assays were performed by means of the microbiological agar diffusion technique. In 30 cases bacteriological analysis was performed in order to determine the MICs for cefotaxime of the bacteria isolated in sputum. The results of the study showed a mean bronchial peak reaching about 2 microgram/ml at the 3d h. Individual concentrations were varying according to doses, route of administration and underlying pathology; the ratios between bronchial and corresponding serum levels were about 15 to 23 p. cent as usual for other cephalosporins. This study indicates that cefotaxime realizes significant bronchial amounts superior to MICs of microorganisms responsible for respiratory infections.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1981

[Thymic seminomas (author's transl)].

The authors report on three cases of thymic seminoma treated between 1971 and 1981. These tumours, first described by Friedman in 1981. These tumours, first described by Friedman in 1951, belong to the group of extra-gonadal germinal tumours. They constitute about 2.5% of all thymic masses. The most probable pathogenic theory is abnormal migration of germinal cells from the vitelline sac to the embryonic thymus. Thymic seminomas are usually found in young men and are asymptomatic in 30% of the cases. Macroscopically, they present as solid tumours capable of invading the surrounding structures. Histologically, they resemble gonadal seminomas but are sometimes difficult to identify, which is unfortunate since treatment is dependent upon an accurate histological diagnosis. The authors suggest that the tumour should be biopsied under mediastinal fluoroscopy, so that an accurate histological diagnosis can be made. Treatment consists of surgical excision, which should be restricted and on no account should destroy important structures, completed by mediastinal radiotherapy. The mean survival time is 6.3 years; the 5-year survival rate is 75%.

Adult↗