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Biomedical subjects

P Deniker

Publications and source records attributed to P Deniker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Role of tianeptine in the prevention of depression relapse and recurrence. First estimations].

The potential activity of tianeptine in the prevention of depressive relapses or recurrences was evaluated in the course of a long-term multicenter study. Five hundred and ten patients were treated for a one-year period. During the first six months, 22 percent of patients responders to the treatment relapsed into depression or had a methodological equivalent of depressive relapse (a MADRS score equal to or higher than 25). This percentage of depressive relapses is comparable to those obtained with other antidepressants. After six months of treatment, 7 percent of patients with a stabilized recovery recurred into depression or had a methodological equivalent of depressive recurrence (a MADRS score equal to or higher than 25). An analysis compared this percentage with those obtained in the course of other studies. These percentages are classically more important. The role of diagnoses of depression was analysed. Percentages of depressive relapses and recurrences were also evaluated in the sub-sample of patients treated with tianeptine alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The neuroleptics: a historical survey.

The history of the neuroleptic drugs has been marked by various milestones: some have been successes, others have been associated with complications and side effects, especially when the drugs have been misused. At the Paris meeting in 1955, it was confirmed that neuroleptics were indicated in chronic psychoses. In 1963, a new form of long-acting neuroleptic was introduced which appeared useful for non-compliant patients. However, following the introduction of the American concept of "CPZ- equivalent" which is opposed to the European distinction between sedative and "disinhibitory" neuroleptics, the problem of the development of tardive dyskinesia became serious. The antipsychotic actions of the neuroleptics in some psychoses eventually led to the so-called "dopaminergic theories" of schizophrenia, which are still under discussion. It should be underlined that the specific antimanic action of neuroleptics, which is included in the early definition, has been prematurely neglected. In fact, mania is the opposite of depression and, in general, the antidepressants are "anti-neuroleptic". The neurobiological studies of the neuroleptics resulted in the differentiation of the compounds according to their action on different parts of the dopamine system, especially on the mesolimbic and mesocortical structures. This was particularly useful in the efforts to avoid extrapyramidal side effects. The clarification of the role of the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors has been important in understanding the development of tardive dyskinesias. There are now some 50 different neuroleptic drugs, in about a dozen chemical families, which can be classified by an "automatic" statistical method.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Legislative draft amendments regarding psychiatry].

Simultaneously the Government presents to the Parliament very important amendments to the Penal Law (concerning especially the responsibilities of mentally ill) and of the Public Health Code related to the hospitalisation of psychiatric patients. The proposed disposals without consultation of the specialists raise up numerous and fundamental objections coming from all the organisations of psychiatrists. After reviewing the major nonations of the amendments, the author request the advice of the National Academy of Medicine.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1988

[Caffeine and EEG mapping: effects of visuo-spatial task in healthy volunteers].

A group of 10 subjects, normal volunteers (6 men, 4 women), mean age 27.2 years, right-handers, has been selected for a double-blind study of caffeine effects (400 mg per os) versus placebo. One week delay separated the two EEG sessions quantified by spectral analysis. During each session (16 EEG channels, common reference), each subject was recorded four times: 2.5 min, in eyes-closed condition, under diffuse attention, followed by 2.5 min, during a visuo-spatial task ("eyes open" condition: presentation of a picture). These two EEG recordings were obtained before the oral administration and repeated 1 hr after the administration of caffeine or placebo. Individual and group results presented globally: 1) an increase in mean frequencies of alpha activity in "eyes closed" condition, and of delta activity in "eyes open" condition; 2) a decrease of alpha activity amplitudes (both RMS and % values) in both conditions; 3) a decrease of total RMS amplitudes in "eyes closed" condition; 4) an increase of relative % amplitudes for beta 2% fast activity in the "eyes open condition". These results characterize the psycho-stimulant effects of caffeine, especially over the left temporal area which was confirming an initial statistical hypothesis of specific cerebral local activation. The non-parametric permutation tests of Fisher, were not always reaching statistical significance for the same EEG channel quantified by one of the 17 analyzed spectral parameters, except on the left temporal area. During the visuo-spatial task, the decrease in alpha amplitudes (RMS and %) was also statistically significant, but over larger areas: over left and right temporal, central and parietal regions. In both conditions, eyes closed and eyes open, the alpha RMS amplitude was also decreased over the right anterior frontal area.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Position of tianeptine among antidepressive chemotherapies.

The advent of a new antidepressant is always received with both interest and scepticism by clinicians. No new compound has yet been shown to be more efficient than imipramine in the treatment of depression. In determining the position of a compound among the antidepressants, four levels are to be considered: (a) Chemical family: Tianeptine is a tricyclic compound of dibenzothiazepine type. It is the only representative of this subgroup. (b) Biochemical activities: Tianeptine increases the presynaptic uptake of serotonin after single as well as repeated administration; but this action is not linked to any effect on the 5-HT post-synaptic systems. Electrophysiological modifications are observed in the locus coeruleus (noradrenergic) at 2.5 times higher doses; nevertheless, the essential action involves the serotoninergic systems. Tianeptine has no affinity for alpha 1 adrenergic and H1 antihistaminic receptors; this affinity is responsible in a large part for the sedative anxiolytic properties of antidepressants. Tianeptine has no affinity for the muscarinic receptors. It has secured its place among the non-anticholinergic antidepressants. The mechanism of action or the therapeutic profile cannot be inferred from this original biochemical profile. (c) In clinical trials, the double-blind trials confirm the antidepressant efficacy in essentially neurotic depressive syndromes, similar to that of imipramine, nomifensine, amitriptyline. They do not show a shorter onset time of antidepressant activity. The therapeutic profile appears to be neither stimulating nor sedative. Some arguments are in favor of an anxiolytic activity. Others favor a more psychotonic profile. Tianeptine can be classified among the mid-position antidepressants. (d) With respect to clinical acceptability, tianeptine has no anticholinergic effect and no cardiovascular effect.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1987

[Value of quantitative EEG and EEG mapping in medicine].

Quantitative EEG consists in digitising the EEG from one or several leads and then mathematically processing the signal usually by Fourier spectral analysis. A reduction of the digital information gives characteristic parameters (frequency, amplitude or power, asymmetry, etc.), which can themselves be averaged and submitted to different statistical analysis. Quantitative EEG is particularly suitable for clinical electropharmacology for the assessment of the profiles of psychotropic drugs, for pharmacokinetic correlations of dose-effect relationships and studies of drug bioavailability. The signals obtained from schizophrenic and depressed patients have well defined quantitative EEG characteristics: dissymmetry of the amplitude and hypovariability of the EEG signals. EEg mapping is performed by computer processing of 16 simultaneous EEG lead recordings. This new form of medical imaging is fast, relatively economical and non-invasive, and it is used in psychophysiology to study cognitive tasks and the states of vigilance and sleep. It is also used to study the EEG topography of cerebrovascular accidents, brain tumours, cranial trauma, cerebral degeneration and dementia, and the EEGs of psychiatric patients on psychotropic drugs. EEG mapping represents not only a static and statistical approach by drawing the averaged maps of groups of patients but also a dynamic approach by the recording of sequential individual maps presented as an animated film. The results of this method can be correlated with other medical imaging techniques used to investigate the central nervous system.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1986

[Cerebral noradrenaline metabolism and classification of depression].

Disturbed noradrenaline (NA) metabolism is thought to play a causal role in certain types of endogenic depression. This study was based on data from 88 patients with depression. The metabolism of NA was investigated by measuring urinary MHPG and plasma DOPEG concentrations and platelet nonoamine oxidase activity to determine if there were any differences in subgroups of depression defined by the DSM3. There was no difference in plasma DOPEG concentrations or of MAO activity in the different subgroups of depression, especially between episodes of major and non-major depression. On the other hand, depressed patients with an episode of major depression had significantly higher urinary MHPG concentrations than those with non-major depression.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1985

Dopaminergic receptor sites in human brain: positron emission tomography.

Positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C-labeled pimozide were used to study the dopaminergic (DA) receptor sites in the human striatum by comparing the latter with the cerebellum, which lacks DA receptors. Although 11C-pimozide concentration was not different in these two brain structures up to 53 minutes after IV injection (thus implying large nonspecific binding), a significant retention of radioactivity in striatum relative to cerebellum was found in controls but not in subjects pretreated with the unlabeled competitor haloperidol. This suggests that the striatal retention seen in controls was due to specific binding of 11C-pimozide to DA receptor sites, whereas prior occupation of the receptor sites by the unlabeled competitor was achieved in pretreated subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[In vivo study of central serotoninergic receptors in man using positron tomography].

In an attempt to characterize in vivo the central serotonergic (5-HT2) receptors in humans with positron emission tomography (PET), we have used 11C-labeled-ketanserin, a seratonergic antagonist that has high affinity and selectivity for the 5-HT2 receptors in vitro. Earlier in vivo studies in rats had demonstrated a preferential accumulation of 3H-ketanserin in the frontal cortex relative to cerebellum, in accordance with known differences in density of 5-HT2 receptor in these two brain structures (5-HT2 receptors are dense in frontal cortex and sparse or absent in cerebellum). In rats, tracer accumulation in frontal cortex represented specific binding of 3H-ketanserin to 5-HT2 receptors in vivo as demonstrated by inhibition, saturation, and displacement studies. In 5 control subjects, we found a statistically significant retention of 11C-ketanserin in frontal cortex relative to cerebellum after intravenous injection of a tracer dose of the radioligand, suggesting specific in vivo binding of 11C-ketanserin to frontal cortex. To substantiate this hypothesis, we studied 4 subjects administered unlabeled chlorpromazine (CPZ) intramuscularly in therapeutic amounts (75 mg) two hours before the PET study. Pretreatment with CPZ decreased significantly the retention of 11C-ketanserin by the frontal cortex, indicating that almost total occupation of the ketanserin receptors by CPZ had been achieved prior to the injection of the radioligand. Despite these positive results, both the duration and the magnitude of tracer retention by frontal cortex in control subjects were much smaller than was reported in rats, presumably indicating lower specific binding, higher nonspecific binding, and faster drug metabolism in humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain↗
PubMed1984

[X-ray computed tomography (CT scanner) in schizophrenia. Comparison of its results with other studies].

This paper concerns the tomodensitometric (TDM) study, with the same clinical and radiological criteria, of 78 schizophrenic patients (age: less than 60 years) from psychiatric hospitals in Madrid and from Sainte-Anne hospital (Paris). The length of evolution and the severity of disturbances seemed to be the most important causal elements of cerebral atrophy. Some TDM peculiarities appeared correlated with some clinical forms (paranoid or hebephrenic). The review of previous works illustrates the importance of some etiological conditions for the production of cerebral atrophy: age, length of evolution and, more particularly, the severity of the disease. The confrontation of the anatomo-pathological and pneumoencephalographic studies with the TDM results suggests that, if the TDM is a good indicator of ventricular dilatation, appreciation of the widening of the cerebral sulci remains difficult.

Adult↗