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Biomedical subjects

P Dawson

Publications and source records attributed to P Dawson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A comparison of primary nursing and team nursing in a geriatric long-term care setting.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate primary and team nursing on two 45-bed geriatric units. A 2 year longitudinal study with a quasi-experimental ABA cross-over design and a staff survey, permitted comparisons of the two nursing systems on indices of patient well-being, nursing practice, staff morale and costs. Differences in nursing practice, in selected measures of patient well-being and in responses to the staff survey were positively associated with primary nursing. No differences emerged in relation to staff morale or costs. The benefits of primary nursing and implications for further research are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Safer contrast agents?

Two recently reported large scale clinical surveys support the impression that the new non-ionic low osmolality iodinated radiographic contrast media are indeed significantly safer for intravascular use than conventional agents. These surveys will lend additional weight to the argument for the universal use of non-ionic agents despite their relatively high cost.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1989

Effects of home-based, informal social support on child health.

To enhance mother-infant interaction, paraprofessional home visitors provided parents with emotional support, information, and help in using community resources during pregnancy and throughout the infants' first 14 months. This study reports effects on child health. Both home-visited women and controls made good use of well-child care. Home-visited women made greater use of sick-child care (p = 0.002), most of which was appropriate. The greater use of sick-child care was concentrated among mothers with moderate or high family stress, with whom home visitors had closer relationships. Case histories showed a variety of individual effects on parents.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1988

Digital subtraction angiography--a critical analysis.

The advantages and disadvantages claimed for intravenous and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are critically examined. The parameters determining image quality and the factors degrading the image in intravenous DSA are discussed. It is argued that many of the patients specifically referred for intravenous digital subtraction studies are unsuitable for this examination either because poor image quality is to be expected and/or because the large contrast load inherent in this type of examination is undesirable.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Synergistic cytotoxicity of iodinated contrast agents and x-radiation.

The synergistic cytotoxicity of iodinated radiologic contrast agents and x-radiation is discussed. Experiments are described illustrating the phenomenon and lending support to the view that it is mediated by energetic photoelectrons. Some of its practical implications are indicated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Nonionic contrast agents and coagulation.

The chemotoxicity of nonionic and ionic contrast media is discussed with reference to chemical structure. Second-generation nonionic contrast media have the lowest chemotoxicity of any agents because of the uniform distribution of hydrophilic groups around the molecule, which mask the hydrophobic iodine atoms. Previous investigations show that second-generation nonionic agents have the same qualitative hematologic effects as other contrast agents. The less marked quantitative hematologic effects of second-generation contrast media compared with conventional agents are consistent with the low toxicity profile of these agents. A study was conducted in which a nonionic and a conventional ionic contrast medium were observed on microscopic slides after small drops of nonanticoagulated blood were added to each. The disordered aggregations of red cells observed were larger in the nonionic agent but easily dispersed with minimal disturbance, suggesting limited clinical significance. A series of coagulation experiments was conducted in which two types of plastic syringes and glass syringes, containing either iohexol or diatrizoate, were contaminated with blood and inspected for blood clots. An ELISA assay for fibrinopeptide A also was performed. Clot formation was uncommon and appeared to be related to syringe material.

Blood Coagulation↗