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Biomedical subjects

P D Scott

Publications and source records attributed to P D Scott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

An appearance-function shift in children's object naming.

The relative importance of appearance and potential function in children's object naming was examined. Potential function is an object capability that may not be currently realized (e.g. an empty mug has the potential to hold coffee). In Study 1, sixteen children from each of three age groups (3;8, 4;8, and 6;1) were taught novel names for unfamiliar objects; they then had to decide whether these applied to items that resembled the training objects in either appearance or potential function. The youngsters were also shown deceptive objects (e.g., an eraser that looked like a pencil) and had to choose between familiar appearance and function names for them (e.g., pencil or eraser). The frequency of function-based responding in both tasks increased with age. In Study 2, the name training procedure was revised so that equal emphasis was given to both apparent and functional features. The main results of the first study were replicated. Neither study obtained evidence of a strong relation between the appearance-function shift and increased understanding of the appearance-reality distinction.

Child Language↗
PubMed1991

The influence of exercise-induced temperature elevations on the auditory brain-stem response (ABR).

The influence of exercise on the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) was examined in 16 healthy volunteers (8 female and 8 male). Ipsilateral ABR recordings were obtained before and after exercise on a bicycle ergonometer. The rise of body temperature so generated was 0.5-2.1 degrees C (mean, 1.3 degrees C) as measured in the contralateral external auditory meatus. Latencies of waves III and V (but not wave I) were found to be significantly lower immediately post-exercise (P less than 0.01). The temperature relations of the latency of wave V are described by the regression equation: Latency (ms) = 11.06-0.146 x temp. (degrees C). (The effects on amplitude were not significant, nor were male/female differences.) It is suggested that exercise hyperthermia could be an appropriate model for the evaluation of the ABR in fever.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Arthroscopic decompression of meniscal cysts: report of 14 cases.

Meniscal cysts are a painful disorder of the knee affecting young to middle-aged adults. The recommended treatment has been total meniscectomy. With the widespread use of arthroscopic surgery there has been a trend to a more conservative management of meniscal pathology in general. We treated 14 patients with meniscal cysts (13 lateral, one medial) by partial arthroscopic meniscectomy and decompression. At a mean follow-up of 19 months, results were satisfactory in 12 patients; there was one recurrence and one patient had reinjured his knee. We concluded that arthroscopic decompression of meniscal cysts is a promising form of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An unusual case of pustulotic arthro-osteitis affecting the leg, and erosive polyarthritis.

Pustulotic arthro-osteitis is a syndrome, originally described in Japan, in which a sterile inflammatory osteitis of the sternoclavicular region occurs in combination with a non-erosive arthritis, sacroiliitis, and a pustulotic rash on the palms and soles. Although the disease has been reported in white populations, it is rarely seen by rheumatologists in the United Kingdom. The case of a Scottish woman is described in whom the diagnosis of pustulotic arthro-osteitis was overlooked because of an atypical site of the disease--the fibula, an erosive arthritis, and absence of a pustular rash at the time of her presentation with musculoskeletal symptoms. This case shows that the syndrome may easily by missed unless clinical suspicion is high and should be considered in any patient with culture negative osteitis, even outside the sternoclavicular region.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1984

Computer based two-dimensional spectral estimation for the detection of prearrhythmic states after hypothermic myocardial preservation.

A computer based two-dimensional spectral estimation technique has been developed to detect prearrhythmic states of the heart after hypothermic myocardial preservation with or without potassium cardioplegia. The new algorithm is based on unconstrained minimization of the estimated covariance recursion error. The parameters for spectral analysis are estimated directly from intracardiac data in a manner which combines high resolution with robustness in the presence of nonstationarities . It is shown that by using this technique, the projections of the velocity vector of cardiac propagating wavefronts onto a multitip electrode array may be determined, even though electric intramyocardial data are very short and nonstationary. The prearrhythmic state may be observed at a time when limb and epicardial ECG waveforms are normal. This is of potential significance since certain types of prearrhythmic patterns appear more likely to degenerate into ventricular arrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Assessing dangerousness in criminals.

This article formulates a definition of the term dangerousness, indicates why the commission of dangerous offences cannot be reliably predicted, and then reviews the several factors which have been or might be used by those who have to make decisions about dangerousness in criminals. Its suggests that these factors are useful insofar as they help to illuminate the individual's capacity to feel sympathy and to learn by experience. Since the accuracy of prediction varies inversely with time, the maintenance of personal relationships and good communication seems the inescapable requirement in the management of potentially dangerous criminals.

Age Factors↗