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Biomedical subjects

P D Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to P D Mitchell.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Correlation of exposure to various respiratory pathogens with farmer's lung disease.

Complement-fixing antibodies (CFA) to a panel of microorganisms commonly associated with respiratory disease were measured in a number of agricultural populations. The panel included Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. The agricultural populations were grouped according to a clinical history of farmer's lung disease (FLD) and the presence of antibodies to the thermophilic actinomycetes (TA). Farmers with precipitating antibody activity to one or more of the TA (groups I and II) demonstrated a greater frequency of CFA to M. pneumoniae and parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 than those groups without antibody to the TA, but the level of CFA was not higher in the positive subjects. Immunoglobulin levels were also elevated in groups I and II when compared to the control groups. Unlike IgG and IgM, IgA was elevated only in the farmers who had a clinical history of FLD (group I) but not in farmers without a clinical history. The results suggest that farmers who develop FLD are exposed to a wider variety of pathogens than are other farmers, but do not respond in an accelerated manner.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1977

Malar mass due to Actinomyces odontolyticus.

Actinomyces odontolyticus was isolated from a patient with a soft tissue mass in the malar region. The organism was identified on the basis of morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. On histological examination, the tissue mass contained several granulomatous foci with small, basophilic staining areas resembling microscopic sulfur granules. This is believed to be the first reported case of actinomycosis due to A. odontolyticus.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1976

Does bacteremia follow colonoscopy?

In order to determine the risk of bacteremia from colonoscopy, we cultured blood specimens from 40 patients the day before laxative and enema preparation; right after such preparation; and 15 min, 1 hr, and 4 hr after colonscopy. Bacteremia was not induced by either the vigorous preparation or the colonscopy which, in 27 patients, included polypectomy, biopsy, and/or fulgurations. On the basis of our data, we conclude that the risk of bacteremia following colonoscopy is small, and we doubt the need of antibiotic prophylaxis for those with susceptible hearts.

Colon↗
PubMed1976

Bacterial variants: etiologic agent in Crohn's disease?

Bacterial variants of Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas-like bacteria were recovered from tissues removed during the surgical treatment of three successive patients with Crohn's disease and from one patient with clinical and pathological features of both Crohn's disease and chronic ulcerative colitis. Bacterial variants were not cultured from colonic specimens of one patient with classical features of chronic ulcerative colitis and two patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon. The findings suggest that a relationship exists between variant bacteria and the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Atypical Bacterial Forms↗
PubMed1974

The effect of oral inorganic sulphate on the metabolism of 4-hydroxyphenethylamine (tyramine) in man: tyramine O-sulphate measurement in human urine.

1. Urinary excretion of tyramine O-sulphate in six normal human subjects after an oral dose of 125mg of tyramine hydrochloride alone, and with a supplement of Na(2)SO(4), was determined by using chromatographic and electrophoretic separations followed by spectrophotofluorimetry. 2. In every case the excretion of tyramine O-sulphate was increased significantly after sulphate supplementation.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1966

Hyper-reactivity of rabbits sensitized with Bartonella bacilliformis.

Mitchell, Paul D. (West Virginia University Medical Center, Morgantown), and John M. Slack. Hyper-reactivity of rabbits sensitized with Bartonella bacilliformis. J. Bacteriol. 92:769-779. 1966.-Sensitization with viable cells of Bartonella bacilliformis increased the susceptibility of rabbits to the lethality of subsequently administered Bartonella metabolites. In animals sensitized with 3 weekly doses of the organism, this susceptible state of hyper-reactivity was maximal between 4 and 14 days postsensitization (primary hyper-reactive state) and persisted for at least 4 weeks, after which the animals were nonreactive (tolerant state). However, on the 84th day, the susceptible state could once again be demonstrated (secondary hyper-reactive state). Animals sensitized with only 1 or 2 weekly doses of the organism were rendered nearly as susceptible, but the time interval between the primary and secondary states of hyper-reactivity was much shorter, indicating that the hyper-reactive states were dependent upon the degree of sensitization. Symptoms displayed by such animals demonstrated an association with endotoxic shock and an anaphylactic or immediate hypersensitive response, the reaction frequently being severe enough to lead to the death of the animal within 24 hr. The histological findings were those of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon with indications of shock. Such hyper-reactive animals produced an early-occurring, precipitating antibody specific for the somatic, endotoxic component of various gram-positive microorganisms. Injection of sera from the hyper-reactive animals into normal, nonsensitized animals resulted in a passive, hyper-reactive state in the latter animals. A distinct relationship between the levels of specific antibody and the degree of demonstrable hyper-reactivity was observed. This relationship is discussed relative to the histological findings of the hyper-reactive animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the nutrient content of school lunches: results from the CATCH Eat Smart Food service Intervention.

BACKGROUND: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) tested the effectiveness of a multilevel intervention aimed at promoting a healthful school environment and positive eating and physical activity behaviors in children. The CATCH Eat Smart Program targeted the school food service staff and aimed to lower the total fat, saturated fat, and sodium content of school meals. METHODS: The Eat Smart intervention was conducted in 56 intervention schools over a 2(1/2)-year period.+Five consecutive days of school menu, recipe, and vendor product information were collected from intervention and control schools at three intervals, Fall 1991, Spring 1993, and Spring 1994, to assess the nutrient content of school menus as offered. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater mean reduction in the percentage of calories from total fat (adjusted mean difference -4.1%; P < 0.0001) and saturated fat (adjusted mean difference -1.3%; P = 0.003) in intervention compared with control schools from baseline to follow-up. Although the sodium content of school lunches increased in both conditions, the mean increase was significantly lower in intervention schools (adjusted mean difference -89 mg; P = 0.034). There were no statistically significant differences for total amounts of cholesterol, carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, total sugars, calcium, iron, vitamin A value, and vitamin C. Average total calories decreased significantly; however, the mean total calories (683 kcal) for intervention schools remained above one-third of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for this age group. CONCLUSIONS: The CATCH Eat Smart intervention successfully lowered the total fat and saturated fat content of school lunches as offered, while maintaining recommended amounts of calories and essential nutrients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improving school breakfasts: effects of the CATCH Eat Smart Program on the nutrient content of school breakfasts.

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the impact of the Eat Smart School Nutrition Program, the food service component of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH), on the percentage of calories from total fat and saturated fat and the sodium content of school breakfasts. METHODS: Fifty-nine of the 96 CATCH schools offered breakfast. We collected 5 consecutive days of school breakfast menu, recipe, and vendor product information at three periods to assess the nutrient content of the school menus as offered. RESULTS: At baseline (Fall 1991), intervention school breakfasts provided 28% of calories from total fat and control schools 30%. Decreases occurred over time in both groups, but no significant differences were attributable to the intervention (adjusted mean difference = -0.4; P = 0.77). Saturated fat exceeded the Eat Smart goal at baseline in all schools and by follow-up (Spring 1994), the reduction in mean percentage of calories from saturated fat was greater in intervention than in control schools (adjusted mean difference = -1.6%; P = 0.052). Sodium goals were not achieved. Mean calorie levels were maintained at or above Eat Smart goals throughout the study in both groups. Differences over time in other dietary variables (percentage of calories from protein and carbohydrate and mean levels of protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin A value, vitamin C, total sugars, and dietary fiber) were not statistically significant between groups. No significant reductions in student participation in the School Breakfast Program (SBP) occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The Eat Smart food service intervention improved school breakfast composition, but not significantly more so than in control schools. Fat and saturated fat in school breakfasts were lowered while maintaining calories, other essential nutrient levels, and student participation in the SBP. Secular trends and also the possibility that control schools were affected by the Eat Smart intervention may account for these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sputum fixatives.

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Actinomyces↗