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Biomedical subjects

P D Carter

Publications and source records attributed to P D Carter.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

A simple technique to prevent retrograde ejaculation during assisted ejaculation.

The aim of this study was to develop a technique which would prevent retrograde ejaculation in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients undergoing vibration and electroejaculation procedures. A balloon catheter was used to tamponade the bladder neck in 12 patients who underwent 100 assisted ejaculation procedures. Antegrade ejaculations were collected on all occasions with no incidences of urine contamination and no sperm were seen in post ejaculatory urine. Silicone catheters had minimal effects on sperm motility and viability. All lubricant gels were found to adversely affect sperm quality and were not used.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Electroejaculation in goats.

A comparison was made of a sine-wave and a pulse-wave electroejaculator for the collection of semen from male goats. Six animals were ejaculated once, using one or other instrument and 8 were ejaculated with each device with an intervening rest period. Comparing the sine-wave with the pulse-wave equipment, the mean total number of sperm collected was 5.3 x 10(9) and 2.1 x 10(9) cells respectively, in the first experiment and 4.0 x 10(9) and 1.0 x 10(9) cells, respectively, in the second experiment. In the latter experiment, a significant difference (p less than 0.05) was found in the sperm concentration, which was higher with the sine-wave generator. This instrument, with controlled output, was considered less stressful to the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Observations on the effect of electro-immobilisation on the dehorning of cattle.

A group of cattle was dehorned while restrained with an electro-immobiliser. The level of stress was evaluated by measuring serum cortisol and comparisons made with alternative handling methods. Serum cortisol levels rose significantly in groups that were dehorned compared with non-dehorned controls, but no significant difference was noted between groups dehorned using local anaesthesia, electro-immobilisation, or no pre-treatment. The degree of haemorrhage resulting from dehorning was not significantly different between the groups. It was concluded that the immobiliser may be painful on application and should not be relied upon to produce analgesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) for bovine brucellosis - comparisons with the complement fixation test (CFT) in vaccinated and experimentally infected cattle.

Cattle were vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 subcutaneously in doses ranging from the normal (2.0 ml) dose of standard vaccine down to 1/400 of the normal dose, and via the conjunctival sac with 1/2 of 1/20 of the normal dose. Under all vaccination regimes serum antibody titres in the complement fixation test (CFT) rose more rapidly, reached higher levels, declined more slowly and involved a greater proportion of animals, than titres in the indirect haemolysis test (IHLT). The interval between the first positive serological test and parturition was determined for 54 pregnant cows infected with a virulent field strain (VRI 3) of B. abortus. On average the CFT titre rose to 1/4 43 days, and 1/8 33 days, before parturition, while the IHLT reached a 2/8 reaction 31 days before parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Failure of a single dose of Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine to protect cattle when given early in calfhood.

Groups of heifer calves were vaccinated subcutaneously with the standard dose of strain 19 at the age of 3 to 5 weeks or 5 months. Twelve months after primary vaccination a group of the younger vaccinates were revaccinated with a small dose of strain 19 via the conjunctival sac. The effectiveness of vaccination was assessed by challenge with virulent B. abortus after 5 to 6 months of pregnancy. Animals vaccinated at 3 to 5 weeks, but given no intraconjunctival boost, were not effectively protected, but the group receiving the boost were at least as resistant as those which received the subcutaneous dose at 5 months. The intraconjunctival boost caused only slight and transient serological responses in a few animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Assessment of vaginal impedance measurements as an indicator of oestrus in cattle.

A study was made in cattle of the variation of vaginal impedance with respect to the placement of probe, time after insertion, and stages of the oestrous cycle. Impedance values were lowest and least variable when determined in the ventral sector of the vaginal fornix. Allowing the probe time to warm up improved results. Vaginal impedance declined by approximately 30% during pro-oestrus, oestrus and metoestrus when compared with dioestrus. The time at which the lowest values were reached varied between animals, in 2 cases being a day before oestrus, in another 2 on the day of oestrus, and for 1, the day after oestrus. The method described was not suitable for determining the peak of behavioural oestrus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Electrical safety for the veterinary surgeon.

In human medicine, protection of the patient has demanded stringent safety precautions that have not been applied in the veterinary field. There is a hazard to the operator from the increasing use of electrical equipment in veterinary medicine, often in an environment where conducting floors and other items can carry fault currents through a human or animal body. The source of these currents may be equipment that has developed faults due to disconnected earth leads and breakdown of insulation so that the case or leads from the equipment become live. Currents exceeding 10 mA passing through the body may cause death from ventricular fibrillation. Protection from accident may be provided by circuit breakers that sense fault currents and disconnect the power, and by taking precautions to correctly maintain electrical fittings.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1976

Control of reproductive function of cattle using cloprostenol.

Two intramuscular injections of cloprostenol were given 12 days apart to synchronise oestrus in a group of 47 heifers and following the second injection, 38 were found in oestrus in 2 to 6 days, 1 in 11 days and 8 in 22 to 27 days. The conception rate of the synchronised animals was 24 of 38 (63%). Twenty-nine heifers were given injections of cloprostenol in late pregnancy and parturition was induced with a latent period of 6 +/- 3 days when injected at 266 to 267 days. When injected at 254 to 262 days, 3 of 16 heifers (19%) were unresponsive and the remainder calved with a latent period of 12 +/- 6 days. The survival rate of calves from induced heifers was 71% with 80% survival from controls. Approximately 50% of the induced heifers, and none of the controls, retained their foetal membranes.

Animals↗