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Biomedical subjects

P Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to P Cunningham.

126 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Influenza in the United Kingdom 1982-85.

Influenza surveillance in the UK between the years 1982 and 1985 has demonstrated the regular winter appearance of influenza A virus of both H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes and influenza B. Their antigenic diversity is described and correlated with the national statistics for morbidity and mortality for influenza. One unexpected finding has been that despite the wide circulation of influenza viruses there has been a continuation of winters without significant increases in influenza deaths or morbidity. A previous report of influenza surveillance (Pereira & Chakraverty, 1982) noted an already unusual series of three consecutive winters with this pattern. This report records a further 4 years bringing a total of seven successive winters without evidence of epidemics of severe disease associated with influenza viruses, as indicated by the national UK statistics.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Obstructive jaundice in a referral unit: surgical practice and risk factors.

A series of 46 consecutive patients with obstructive jaundice have been referred to a surgical unit with a special interest in hepatobiliary surgery. The cases were evenly divided between benign and malignant causes. The hospital mortality was 13% (six cases), and the mortality was also evenly divided between the two subgroups. A scoring system has been devised to rate 12 easily measured clinical and pathological parameters, and a regression analysis used to measure the contribution made by each parameter to hospital morbidity and mortality and to later mortality over a 5 year period. Previous bile duct trauma and liver damage were the major determinants of hospital morbidity, while bile duct trauma, liver disease, acute pancreatitis and increasing age were the significant determinants of hospital mortality. Malignancy and cirrhosis determined late mortality. A plea is made for the early referral of high risk patients to specialized units, particularly when bile duct trauma is involved.

Australia↗
PubMed1985

The use of monoclonal antibodies for the antigenic analysis of influenza A viruses.

Monoclonal antibodies have been found to provide useful additional information for the antigenic analysis of influenza A viruses of the H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes. They have been particularly useful in the interpandemic period when multiple variants circulate concurrently.Apparently heterogeneous isolates can be placed in fairly clear-cut groups on the basis of their reactivity with certain monoclonal antibody preparations. It is thought likely that variants reacting with the least number of monoclones are the most different antigenically from the fully reactive strains.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

The return of the historic influenza A H1N1 virus and its impact on the population of the United Kingdom.

The epidemiology in the United Kingdom of the influenza A H1N1 subtype which returned in 1977 after an absence of 20 years in described for the four winter seasons from 1977/8 to 1980/1. The age distribution of virus isolates and the evidence for antigenic variation is presented. The impact in the susceptible age groups year by year is shown by the change in the population with specific antibody. There was the expected increase of antibody in those under the age of 21 but also evidence for a significant amount of infection or re-infection in the older adult population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Demonstration of a C1q receptor on the surface of human endothelial cells.

A receptor for C1q on the surface of human endothelial cells has been demonstrated. This receptor is present on the surface of viable cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins, and C1q binding can also be demonstrated to the endothelial lining cells of human umbilical artery and vein on frozen tissue sections. Receptors for the complement components C3b and C3d were not detected on tissue sections or endothelial cells in suspension. Endothelial cell C1q receptors are discussed in relationship to possible immune complex localization in vivo.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1980

A case of neonatal intussusception.

A case of ileocotic intussusception in a 48-hr-old neonate due to saccular duplication of the terminal ileum is presented. The unique nature of intussusception due to a leading point is underscored and the case for early surgical intervention is emphasized. Barium enema examination is stressed as a prime diagnostic tool whenever intussusception is suspected.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1979

Measurement of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A).

A method is described for measuring pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in the maternal circulation during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The method used is a modification of Laurell's electroimmunodiffusion technique.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1979

Copper administration to young calves: oral dosing with copper oxide compared with subcutaneous copper glycinate injection.

Calves were dosed with 50 g of copper oxide granules orally or given 120 mg copper glycinate subcutaneously. There was no significant difference between the weights of calves given either treatment during the trial. However, the copper oxide treatment resulted in sustained higher concentration of plasma copper and higher liver reserves than the glycinate treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The use of a continuous cell line for the isolation of influenza viruses.

Cultures of MDCK cells exposed to trypsin were as efficient as cultures of rhesus monkey kidney cells for detecting influenza virus, both in dilutions of infected allantoic fluids and in nose and throat swabs. We suggest that the MDCK cell/trypsin system provides a satisfactory alternative to monkey kidney cultures for the isolation of influenza viruses from clinical specimens.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1976

Perceptual and motor training for the acquisition and retention of psychomotor skills in dental amalgam restorations: class I in the mandibular first molar.

From a study of 72 dental students during amalgam restoration using four training methods (psychomotor, mental, psychomotor and mental, and conventional)--one method for each 18 students--the following conclusions are drawn: (1) It is economically feasible to develop and utilize self-paced instructions without the aid of instructors for the acquisition of psychomotor skills. (2) Training through self-paced analytical programs results in higher retention of the acquired skills than training through conventional training methods.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1975

Sero-immunity to poliovirus in children and young women: England 1972-4.

A total of 292 children's sera and 706 antenatal sera from different parts of England were tested for the presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. Little vairation was found between different areas and types of community, but a lower porportion of the 5-14 year old children had antibody than younger children and young adult women. The proportion of the young population with antibody, and the current acceptance rates for oral poliovirus vaccine are barely satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcomes of adult cadaveric renal transplantation in ireland 1986 to 2001.

BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of renal transplantation in the Republic of Ireland in 1964, the number of transplants performed annually has increased from single figures in the 1960s to the current rate of approximately 130 renal transplants per year. Improvements in graft and patient outcomes have been associated with the introduction of the immunosuppressive agent Cyclosporin (CSA) in the mid 1980s. AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine trends in outcomes and factors that influence outcomes for adult kidney transplantation from 1986 to 2001. METHODS: All adult cadaveric kidney transplantations carried out between 1986 and 2001 were included. We separated the transplanted grafts and patients into four time periods; 1986-1989, 1990-1993, 1994-1997, 1998-2001. Graft and patient survival outcomes were compared for the different periods. RESULTS: The one-year kidney graft survival rate increased from 82% during 1986-1989 to 86% during 1998-2001. Patient survival over the four time periods studied has remained stable at approximately 95% at one year. CONCLUSION: We report a significant improvement in kidney graft outcomes over the past 16 years. Patient survival has remained relatively stable during this period.

Adult↗