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Biomedical subjects

P Cruaud

Publications and source records attributed to P Cruaud.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Corynebacterium diphtheriae osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child: a case report.

UNLABELLED: Septic osteomyelitis of the hip in a previously healthy child is described. A weakly toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain was isolated from the bone aspirate. The results of the treatment were rapidly satisfactory, after surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy with pristinamycin. CONCLUSION: This case report shows that C. diphtheriae has not disappeared in the developed world and can be responsible of systemic infections.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Enterobacter cloacae cross-colonization in neonates demonstrated by ribotyping.

The intestinal colonization by Enterobacter cloacae strains with a derepressed cephalosporinase was studied in a paediatric ward between February 1990 and January 1991. Environmental sampling was performed simultaneously. Fifty-two isolates were recovered from 200 neonates (stool, blood) and 14 strains were isolated from the neonatal environment. An epidemiological study based on the typing of 36 Enterobacter cloacae isolates was carried out using antibiotyping, biotyping and ribotyping methods. The isolates selected were from 21 neonates (24 isolates), the neonatal ward environment (8 isolates) and from other wards (4 isolates). Thirty-two isolates had the same antibiotic resistance pattern, corresponding to a derepressed cephalosporinase and resistance to the following aminoglycosides: kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin. No predominant biotyping pattern could be established. Ribotyping done with two endonucleases (EcoRI and BamHI) showed 28 Enterobacter cloacae isolates to have a single pattern. Ribotyping was the most discriminating method used in this study, permitting identification of cross-contamination with Enterobacter cloacae in the paediatric ward.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of serologically reactive lipooligosaccharides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Two major highly polar antigenic glycolipids were isolated from recent isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a wide range of geographical origins. The occurrence of these polar glycolipids was demonstrated by isolation, purification and chromatographic characterization and/or serological procedures in 12 strains. Based on their chromatographic properties, these polar glycolipids belong to the lipooligosaccharide family. Preliminary data on the use of these newly described antigens in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis is presented.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1993

[Prevalence of Clostridium difficile and toxin A in feces of HIV infected patients].

Patients with AIDS are immunodeficient, receive multiple antibiotic treatments, occasionally anti-cancer chemotherapy and are often hospitalised; thus they are susceptible to develop a Clostridium difficile infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of C. difficile in diarrhoea in this patient population. Therefore, C. difficile and toxin A which plays a major role in pathogenicity were examined in faecal samples of HIV infected patients. Between January 1991 and June 1992, 102 stool samples from 67 patients were studied. Ninety p. cent of these patients were hospitalised (length > 3 days), 80% had a diagnosis of AIDS stage IV, and 66% had diarrhoea. Nineteen point four p. cent of the patients were carriers of C. difficile. Different associations were found: 1) presence of non toxigenic strains and absence of toxin A in stool samples (6 patients), 2) presence of toxigenic strains and absence of toxin A in stool samples (6 patients), 3) presence of toxigenic strains and toxin A in stool samples (2 patients). None of the patients developed a colitis or pseudomembranous colitis. The carrier rate was identical to those found in other hospitalised populations without AIDS. The prevalence of C. difficile diarrhoea or colitis is low. In this study, AIDS patients do not seem to constitute a risk group for C. difficile intestinal pathology. However, carriers of C. difficile were subjected to strict hygiene rules to prevent nosocomial spread.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Circulating immune complexes in leprosy sera: demonstration of antibodies against mycobacterial glycolipidic antigens in isolated immune complexes.

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were assayed in sera of leprosy patients. Using an immunoassay for two mycobacterial antigens--phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and glycolipid IV (SL-IV)--sera from 65 patients with leprosy (38 lepromatous, 18 borderline, and 9 tuberculoid) were studied. The CIC were isolated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, washed, treated with an acid buffer, neutralized, and tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that CIC could contain IgG and IgM antibodies reacting against PGL-I and SL-IV. The high levels of antibodies in the precipitable CIC showed concordance with high levels in the original sera, although some patients presented high levels of precipitable CIC in the absence of high titers of antibodies in their sera. It was concluded that some of the CIC observed in patients with leprosy were composed of IgG and IgM immunoglobulins against specific mycobacterial antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Emergence during unsuccessful chemotherapy of multiple drug resistance in a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Serial isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were cultured from a patient who failed to respond to standard antituberculous chemotherapy. Isolates were cultured in March 1989, July 1989, December 1989 and May 1990. Each successive isolate was found to be resistant to a wider range of antituberculous drugs than its predecessors. The initial isolate was resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, the second isolate was also resistant to ethambutol, the third was also resistant to pyrazinamide, ansamycin (= rifabutin) and ofloxacin and the last isolate was also resistant to ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. All four isolates' bacteriophage typing profiles and DNA restriction fragment patterns determined by Southern blot hybridization using the IS6110/IS986 probes and the new probe pTBN12 were concordant. It was concluded that this patient was persistently infected with a single strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis which developed resistance to a number of families of drugs but did not show any significant change in typing patterns. The problem of acquired multiple drug resistance, particularly to fluoroquinolones and rifamycins, represents a new challenge in tuberculosis therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of bis-di-octadecylamide of trehalose dicarboxylic acid (BDA.TDA) with glycolipid SL-IV as ELISA antigens for the serodiagnosis of leprosy.

Two glycolipids--one synthetic and non-natural (BDA.TDA), the other natural and Mycobacterium tuberculosis species-specific (SL-IV)--were tested to determine their serological activity in sera obtained from leprosy patients, and to determine their discriminating ability in the detection of disease. The ELISA results obtained in the IgG antibody class show that both were useful substances capable of detecting multibacillary and paucibacillary disease in about 2 out of 3 leprosy patients. When these antigens were tested in parallel, the sensitivity of the ELISA test was increased by 10% without a decrease in specificity.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Relationships between titers of antibodies immunoreacting against glycolipid antigens from Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis, the Mitsuda and Mantoux reactions, and bacteriological loads: implications in the pathogenesis, epidemiology and serodiagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis.

Analysis of cell-mediated immunity [(CMI) as judged from the Mantoux, Fernandez, and Mitsuda reactions and the presence of granulomas in biopsy material] against humoral immunity (measurements of anti-PGL-I, PGL-Tb1, and SL-IV IgG and IgM antibody titers by ELISA) were performed in selected human populations. The investigations yielded data indicating that humoral (B-cell) responses preceded protective CMI in both tuberculosis and leprosy. The B-cell responses were unrelated to (unfavorable) cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Notwithstanding the difficulty in inferring sequential events from studies in humans, it was shown that in humoral responses there was an initial rise of specific IgM immunoglobulins that switched afterward to IgG production during subclinical tuberculosis and leprosy infections. In patent tuberculosis disease the IgM-to-IgG switch was observed in the majority of patients; in patent leprosy disease the switch was impaired in the majority of patients. The clinical, immunological, and laboratory data indicated that the B-cell responses were suppressed as protective CMI was re-established in the patients during the protracted subclinical infection. According to the data, the diagnosis of subclinical tuberculosis and leprosy may be accomplished using ELISA. The yearly risk of tuberculosis in apparently healthy persons but with significant antibody titers was estimated at 44%; the yearly risk for leprosy has not yet been established. The clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

IgG and IgM antibodies immunoreacting with a 2,3-diacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate in sera from leprosy patients.

The distribution of IgG and IgM antibodies immunoreacting with the sulpholipid I (SLI) and sulpholipid IV (SLIV) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was examined in sera from leprosy patients. It was found that the immunological reactions correlated with the clinical spectrum of leprosy; and in multibacillary patients, antibody titres declined in response to successful treatment. The serological patterns were similar to the PGL I patterns, however, the IgG responses towards the sulpholipids were predominant over the IgM responses in the case of the sulpholipid antigens.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Antigenicity and specificity of selected glycolipid fractions from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Antigenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipids polyphthienoyl trehalose (PPTR), phenolic glycolipid (PGL-Tb1), tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-I) and diacyl trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-IV) was examined in rabbits. PPTR did not induce production of IgG antibodies in rabbits, while PGL-Tb1, SL-I and SL-IV glycolipids were efficient in this respect. Immune sera raised in rabbits immunoreacted exclusively with the corresponding antigens, which indicated that they were remarkably specific. Specificity of the immune sera was further examined using crude extracts of representative strains of 39 mycobacterial species, and the data showed that these immune sera reacted only with extracts of M. tuberculosis and M. africanum. An antiserum raised against whole cells of M. leprae immunoreacted with the purified SL-IV antigen from tubercle bacilli.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Human IgG antibodies immunoreacting with specific sulfolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

IgG and IgM antibodies immunoreacting with sulfolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were detected in sera from tuberculosis patients. The method used was an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and the antigens were a 2, 3, 6, 6' tetraacyl trehalose-2'-sulfate (sulfolipid I, SL I) and a 2, 3 diacyl trehalose-2'-sulfate (sulfolipid IV, SL IV). The SL IV antigen was satisfactory for IgG assays. The sensitivity and the specificity of the test were, respectively, 59 and 100%; the predictive values of a positive and negative test were, respectively, 100 and 76%.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

Specificity and antigenicity of mycoside G and other glycolipids from Mycobacterium marinum.

The purpose of this work was to examine the immunologic properties of the phenolicglycolipid produced by M. marinum (mycoside G). Cell mass processed with organic solvents yielded a lipid extract containing mycoside G and four other glycolipid fractions (G2 to G5). No mycoside G was found in the Mycobacterium marinum type strain. Neither mycoside G, nor fractions G2, G3 and G4 were immunogenic in the rabbit whereas fraction G5 was very immunogenic. The immune serum raised in the rabbit showed that fraction G5 is species specific since it was consistently detected in all Mycobacterium marinum strains examined so far.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Myocardial metabolism in angina with angiographically normal coronary arteries].

Myocardial metabolism was studied during rapid atrial pacing in 22 patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Pyruvate, non esterified fatty acid and lactate levels were measured in the coronary arteries and veins under basal conditions, at the peak of atrial pacing and during the recovery phase. A control group of 8 patients had neither angina, ST depression, or lactate production during atrial pacing. A correlation was observed between the coronary arterio-venous difference and arterial pyruvate and non esterified fatty acid levels in the 22 patients during the 3 periods of study. The control patients did not differ significantly from the rest of the population. There was a correlation between the coronary arterio-venous difference and arterial lactate levels under basal conditions in all of the study and control groups. This correlation remained significant during atrial pacing and the recovery period only in the control group. It was possible to distinguish a group of 14 patients (64 p. 100) (Group A) with a correlation coefficient of lactate production similar to the control group (+/- 2 standard deviations) during atrial pacing, from a second group of 8 patients (36 p. 100) (Group B) with abnormal myocardial metabolism. The arterial lactate concentrations were similar in both groups in the 3 periods of study. A coefficient of lactate extraction less than 10 p. 100 was observed in 2 patients in Group A and in 7 patients in Group B (88 p. 100, p less than 0.01). One patient in Group B had a coefficient of lactate extraction greater than 10 p. 100 (+ 13 p. 100).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a novel 2,3-diacyl-trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-IV) antigen for case finding and diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis.

Serum IgG and IgM antibodies against a 2,3-diacyl-trehalose-2'-sulphate (SL-IV) antigen using ELISA were determined in controls (n = 288) and in leprosy (n = 210) and tuberculosis (n = 99) patients. In all assays, the amount of antigen per well was 100.0 ng and sera were diluted 1/250. In the case of leprosy, anti-SL-IV IgG and IgM antibody titres increased from the tuberculoid towards the lepromatous pole of the spectrum. In the tested population, the sensitivity of the assay was 93.2% in multibacillary leprosy and 33.3% in paucibacillary leprosy (specificity of 88.7%). Multibacillary patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) had lower titres than non-ENL. ELISA results were similar to those obtained using the Mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) antigen. In the case of tuberculosis (pulmonary and extrapulmonary), significant titres of anti SL-IV IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in about 75% of the patients using a cutoff point of 0.150, and in 51.6% using a cutoff of 0.300 (specificities were, respectively, 88% and 100%). We concluded that the determination of IgG and IgM antibodies against SL-IV was useful in leprosy and tuberculosis case finding program using a cutoff point of 0.150, and for serodiagnosis using a cutoff of 0.300.

Antigens, Bacterial↗