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Biomedical subjects

P Cros

Publications and source records attributed to P Cros.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Feet insoles and knee osteoarthritis: evaluation of biomechanical and clinical effects from a literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the biomechanical and clinical effectiveness of foot insoles in patients with knee osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature (Medline, Pascal and Embase) using the MESH words knee, and insole and plantar orthosis for the biomechanical part and osteoarthritis, and insole and plantar orthosis for the clinical part. Clinical studies were classified by 2 independent readers using the Jadad scale. RESULTS: Two biomechanical theories were found: the adduction moment theory, which explains the effect of heel wedging, and articular chain theory, which explains the effect of lateral wedged insoles. The clinical effect was explained more by an anti-algesic effect than an anatomic or functional effect: the treated group consumed fewer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs than the placebo group for up to 2-years of treatment. Evidence is lacking because of methodological weakness and few clinical trials. The information on side effects is limited. DISCUSSION: Laterally wedged foot insoles are proposed for the treatment of knee medial compartment osteoarthritis. The clinical effect is probably limited, but the treatment may reduce the digestive and renal side effects of prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Foot insoles could be recommended in clinical practice despite the lack of evidence in comparing the effectiveness of other therapeutics in knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: Use of foot insoles is a nonpharmacologic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee medial compartment.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

Mycobacterium species identification and rifampin resistance testing with high-density DNA probe arrays.

Species identification within the genus Mycobacterium and subsequent antibiotic susceptibility testing still rely on time-consuming, culture-based methods. Despite the recent development of DNA probes, which greatly reduce assay time, there is a need for a single platform assay capable of answering the multitude of diagnostic questions associated with this genus. We describe the use of a DNA probe array based on two sequence databases: one for the species identification of mycobacteria (82 unique 16S rRNA sequences corresponding to 54 phenotypical species) and the other for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampin resistance (rpoB alleles). Species identification or rifampin resistance was determined by hybridizing fluorescently labeled, amplified genetic material generated from bacterial colonies to the array. Seventy mycobacterial isolates from 27 different species and 15 rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains were tested. A total of 26 of 27 species were correctly identified as well as all of the rpoB mutants. This parallel testing format opens new perspectives in terms of patient management for bacterial diseases by allowing a number of genetic tests to be simultaneously run.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed1998

[Maxillofacial fractures. Surgical and prosthetic procedures].

A patient presented complex fractures of the face and skull with leg trauma after a traffic accident. Maxillofacial repair used sophisticated procedures: bone grafts, muscle flaps and multiple osteotomies. After reconstructing the mid face and the mandibular repair, bone implants were used to stabilize the maxillary prosthesis. The psychological and functions problems raised in this case are discussed considering the occupational and social outcome.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1996

Automated RNA probe assay for the identification of Listeria monocytogenes.

Recent epidemics of human listeriosis have shown the importance of Listeria monocytogenes as a food-borne risk. We have developed an automated identification assay for L. monocytogenes using the specificity of the 16S rDNA probe described by Wang et al. (1991). Bacterial cultures were lysed quickly by a chemical step releasing the target nucleic acids. Extracts were loaded into the VIDAS automate (bioMérieux) which performed a non-radio-active hybridisation reaction for 2 h. This assay recognised specifically 68 out of 69 L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical and food origins, including serovars 4b and 1/2, without cross-hybridising to other Listeria species (103 strains) or other bacterial species (15 strains). The sensitivity of the assay was 10(7) bacteria. This automated technology is faster than conventional biochemical identification.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Patient-controlled analgesia in cancer pain: practical aspects].

Allowing a suffering patient with cancer to control his pain is a challenge that numerous medical teams intend to take up. Although the best treatment is the etiologic one, in many situations the symptomatic and adjuvant therapies are both indispensable. Among them, the patient controlled analgesia (PCA) is a concept referring to the management of the pain, but also to the administration of some analgesic drugs. Even with genuine advantages the limits of the PCA do exist and need to be well known. PCA is not limited to palliative treatment; it can be used in many circonstances during each evolutionary step of the cancer, temporarily or for longer periods, at the hospital and at home as well. All patients disposing of such an equiment could determine their own best level of analgesia, at the good time, depending upon the temporal variability of the pain and its previsibility or not. The availability and the pedagogic concern of the members of the team, the link between the patient and his family, the involvement of both the regular general practioner and the "algologic" team are essential to maintain the best effects of this method.

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled↗
PubMed1994

Monoclonal antibodies targeted to alpha-oligonucleotides. Characterisation and application in nucleic acid detection.

The aim of the present study was to test the antigenicity of alpha-deoxyribonucleotides in order to develop a new tool for the detection of nucleic acid sequences for use in diagnostic applications. We describe four monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) which recognize alpha-deoxyribonucleotides. Two were raised against a poly(alpha-dT) sequence and specifically recognized the alpha-dT nucleotide. Two were raised against a sequence containing all four common nucleotides as alpha-nucleotides and, surprisingly, only recognized the alpha-dG nucleotide. For all four Mabs, no cross reactivity was observed with beta-oligonucleotides. These Mabs were reactive with alpha-oligonucleotide sequences whether these sequences were single-stranded or hybridized to DNA or RNA. The four Mabs were tested in a sandwich hybridization assay that consisted of an alpha-oligonucleotide (for target sequence recognition), one of the four Mabs (for recognition of the hybridized alpha-oligonucleotide), and goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (HRP) (for detection). One of the monoclonal antibodies, Mab 2E11D7, was directly conjugated to HRP and used in sandwich hybridization to detect PCR fragments of HPV 18 DNA. The sensitivity of this reaction was 1 pg of plasmid DNA containing the HPV 18 fragment. The specificity of the detection was demonstrated using HPV 6/11 and 16 DNA sequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Routine identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates by automated hybridization.

Methodologies for biochemical identification of mycobacteria isolated from clinical samples are still cumbersome, taking skilled technicians 3 to 6 weeks. We describe here a 2-h identification system for mycobacterial isolates belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using a DNA probe. After 30 min of hands-off sample preparation, the 1.5-h hybridization test is totally automated in the newly developed VIDAS system (bioMérieux, Marcyl'Etoile, France), which performs solid-phase specific hybridization of 16S rRNA at 37 degrees C. The strain collection of actinomycetes tested was composed of 662 isolates from 27 species: 461 members of the M. tuberculosis complex (443 M. tuberculosis, 10 M. bovis, and 8 M. bovis BCG isolates) and 201 isolates of other species, including 55 M. avium-intracellulare isolates). They were identified by traditional methods: growth rate, colonial morphology, pigmentation, and biochemical profiles. The automated probe assay displayed an excellent correlation with the reference results. The four members of the Nocardia and Rhodococcus genera tested did not cross-hybridize. This flexible random-access and automated technology was shown to suit the routine context of the laboratory by rapidly delivering the results.

DNA Probes↗
PubMed1993

Detection of single base substitutions in polynucleotides by capture with immobilized oligonucleotides.

We have improved a sandwich hybridization assay to detect single base substitutions in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA sequences. The target DNA was captured by an immobilized oligonucleotide and revealed using a second oligonucleotide coupled to an enzyme. Short oligonucleotides (13, 15 bases) were used to obtain specific hybridization at 37 degrees C. We developed two different assay formats for rapid identification of PCR products: a microtitration plate format with oligonucleotides bound to polystyrene and a channelling assay using oligonucleotides immobilized on Sepharose, which did not require any separation step. The specificity and advantages of both methods are described.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Replacement of HLA class II serology by the HLA-DR microtitre plate oligotyping assay: a one-year experience in unrelated bone marrow donor selection.

Because the selection of unrelated bone marrow donors requires a more accurate HLA-typing technique than is used for sibling donors, we have replaced class II serology by a rapid and highly discriminative HLA-DR DNA oligotyping assay on microtitre plates. We present here our 1-year experience with class II typing for 112 potential donors identified for 33 consecutive leukaemic patients. Although the donors were selected to be HLA-A, -B, -DR serologically identical, the microtitre plate oligotyping assay detected DR incompatibilities in 52.7% of the patient/donor pairs. One third was due to incorrect or incomplete typing of DR11 to DR16, the others to mismatches for the serologically indistinguishable subtypes of DR1, 11, 13 and 15, known to be relevant for T cell recognition.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1993

Enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay for detection of polymerase chain reaction-amplified human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

An enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay (ELOSA) was developed for the detection on microtiter plates of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA. The denatured PCR product was hybridized with a passively adsorbed oligonucleotide capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled oligonucleotide detection probe. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-ELOSA technique depended to some extent on the nucleotide sequences of the oligonucleotide primer and probe quartet used in the amplification and detection. We evaluated five oligonucleotide quartets located in the gag, pol, vpr, env, and nef regions of HIV-1. DNAs from 39 HIV-1-seropositive individuals and 27 healthy HIV-1-seronegative controls were amplified by the PCR procedure, and the products were detected by ELOSA. Ten copies of HIV-1 DNA against a background of 1 microgram of human DNA were specifically detected by PCR-ELOSA. Specificities and sensitivities were, respectively, 100 and 95% for the gag system, 100 and 97% for the pol system, 100 and 85% for the vpr system, 96 and 95% for the env system, and 100 and 95% for the nef system. The simplicity of ELOSA makes it suitable for automation and applicable to genetic testing and detection of viral and bacterial DNAs or RNAs in most routine laboratories.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Oligonucleotide genotyping of HLA polymorphism on microtitre plates.

Molecular analysis of mutations and polymorphisms that are of medical importance requires both accuracy and simplicity. In organ transplantation there is a need for an HLA typing procedure that combines the remarkable accuracy of oligonucleotide genotyping with the simplicity of conventional serological typing. We describe a simple semiautomated method of HLA class II typing consisting of an oligonucleotide hybridisation assay done on microtitre plates followed by automatic colorimetric reading. Individual HLA-DR generic typing for 30 DR specificities, including subtypes of DR1, DR2, DR13, DR14, and DR52, is done on a single plate. The entire typing assay can be completed in less than 4 hours. The procedure has been validated on more than a thousand haplotypes in prospective DR typing of kidney transplant patients, leukaemic patients, and their potential donors. The simplicity of this assay makes it suitable for routine laboratory use. It can be applied to genetic testing in general, including the testing of patients with multiple mutations.

Base Sequence↗