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Biomedical subjects

P Couzigou

Publications and source records attributed to P Couzigou.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Melanesians and part-Polynesians in rural New Caledonia and Ouvea (Loyalty Islands).

The study of different ethnic groups living in the same physical environment provides the opportunity to examine interaction of genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. In rural New Caledonia, the prevalence of diabetes was higher in part-Polynesians than in Melanesians: males - 6.6 versus 0.5%; females - 6.3 versus 3.5% respectively. The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes) was 11.5 and 15.7% in part-Polynesian males and females, respectively, and 4.7 and 9.2% in Melanesian males and females. Mean age and degree of obesity in these ethnic groups were sufficiently similar to suggest that these factors played no significant role in the difference in diabetes prevalence. Furthermore, adjustment of relative risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes for age and obesity indicated that the modest differences between groups were not responsible for the observed variation in diabetes prevalence. The differences in prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes between Melanesians and part-Polynesians may be genetically determined, although the role of certain environmental factors other than obesity, e.g. differences in physical activity or qualitative aspects of diet, cannot be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Is alcoholism hereditary? (author's transl)].

Alcoholism is a multifactorial condition. In addition to psychological and environmental factors, a hereditary factor is strongly suggested by recent genetic studies in twins, half-brothers and adopted children. The mode of transmission, however, remains largely conjectural. A protective mechanism might by hypersensitivity to alcohol due to different alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multicenter study of intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus infection].

OBJECTIVE: Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus co-infections is not well documented. This cross-sectional study evaluated the transmission of hepatitis C virus in the sexual partners of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients. METHODS: Hemophiliacs and transfused hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients who were being seen in three French university hospitals, and their sexual partners were studied by a face-to-face interview using an epidemiological questionnaire and by biological tests: antibodies against hepatitis C virus, hepatitis C virus RNA, and ALT activity. RESULT: Fifty-two subjects were included: 26 cases and their 26 sexual partners. Three sexual partners (11.5 %) had anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies, two of whom had an undetermined RIBA test. All three had a risk factor for hepatitis C virus infection (transfusion, intra-muscular injections with re-usable needles). Two of these three partners were also human immunodeficiency virus antibody positive. Hepatitis C virus RNA was negative in all sexual partners. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of a low prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in sexual partners of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients. It does not support intra-familial transmission of hepatitis C virus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Criteria of imputation of acute hepatitis to a drug. Results of consensus meetings].

The use of an official drug adverse reaction assessment procedure became compulsory in France in 1984. The method proposes various qualifications for chronologic and semiologic criteria but does not define them. Consensus meetings have been organized in order to define, in the main pathologic fields, the adverse reactions themselves and the various qualifications of the criteria. This paper reports the results of meetings attended by hepatologists from university hospitals, members of the National Network of pharmacovigilance and representatives of Roussel Uclaf Drug Monitoring Department for drug-induced acute hepatitis. Participants studied (a) the limits of the time interval between the appearance of the adverse reaction and the beginning or the end of the treatment with the suspected drug; (b) the interpretation of the course of disease with or without cessation of treatment; (c) the interpretation of a possible rechallenge; (d) the signs evoking a drug-induced origin and the risk factors, as well as the investigations to be performed in order to eliminate other possible causes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and glucose tolerance abnormality in Melanesians and subjects of Polynesian descent in the rural areas of New Caledonia and at Ouvea (Loyalty Islands)].

The screening of different ethnic groups who live in the same natural system have enabled the authors to study interaction between genetic and environmental factors as a part of etiology of diabetes mellitus. In New Caledonian country areas, the prevalences of glucose tolerance abnormality (GTA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been higher with people of polynesian descent than with Melanesians. GTA 7.6 p. ct. versus 5.1 p. ct. DM 6.5 p. ct. versus 2.2 p. ct. The prevalence of these combined diseases have been 14 p. ct. with the Polynesians and 7.2 p. ct. with Melanesians. These two ethnic groups have shown mean ages and obesity rates similar enough to lead the authors to deny these two factors a major part in the difference between the ethnic prevalences of DM. Besides, the mean plasmatic glycemia two hours after a dose of glucose and the relative risk of DM and GTA according to age and obesity rate have shown that the slight differences between these groups are not involved in the different prevalences of DM. This inter-ethnic difference may be due to genetic factors. However, some environment linked factors besides obesity (such as diet and daily life activity) may share a major part in this difference.

Adult↗