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Biomedical subjects

P Courtois

Publications and source records attributed to P Courtois.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a new procedure for isoamylase measurement by selective inhibition.

The authors have evaluated a new procedure for the estimation of pancreatic and salivary isoamylase using a new selective inhibitor reagent (Enzamyl Isoamylase, Gödecke), Germany; composition covered by patent No. P 3404876.6). Provided the conditions of the assay presented here are correctly selected, a standard curve is not necessary and the activities of both isoenzymes can be calculated by a simple formula. In view of its rapidity and precision, this new procedure appears to be useful as a screening test. It correlates closely with a reference electrophoretic method.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1985

Evolution of serum amylase, lipase and immunoreactive trypsin during pancreatitis attacks.

The characteristics of the blood curves of alpha-amylase (SA), pancreatic lipase (SL) and immunoreactive trypsin (SIT) have been analyzed in a series of patients daily explored throughout the evolution of pancreatitis attacks; urines were also collected to estimate the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR). The following results were obtained. a). The 3 enzymes profiles ran roughly parallel during an acute attack. b). SL rose far higher than SA at the onset of the attack but its decay displayed a shorter half-life than the latter; these features resulted in an absence of systematic difference between their times of return to normal levels at the end of the attack. c). SIT more closely correlated with SL than with SA. d). In common hospital practice, simultaneous SA and SL determinations were proving a more reliable help to diagnose pancreatitis attack than ACCR.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Enzymes of purine metabolism in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In order to study if enzymes of purine metabolism could be used as cell markers in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) were repeatedly measured in blood mononuclear cells from B-CLL patients and were compared to those obtained in normal controls. Enzyme activities in patients were also compared to other biological parameters indicative of B-CLL to activities of ADA and PNP in erythrocytes. Results show that B-leukemic cells display abnormal enzyme patterns: subnormal ADA activity is characteristic; 5'N activity is depressed in 60% of the cases but increased in 15%. An inverse relationship between PNP activity and corresponding lymphocytosis is observed in leukemic but not in normal cells. The enzymatic anomalies seem to be linked to the presence of an unusual peripheral lymphocytic population, induced by the leukemic process. Indeed, ADA and PNP are not abnormal in erythrocytes. In untreated nonevolutive patients, the enzyme profile tends to remain stable throughout the course of the illness; normalization of enzyme patterns in treated patients occurs only when therapy induces improvement in T and B cell distribution.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1984

Comparative pharmacokinetics of [65Zn]zinc sulfate and [65Zn]zinc pantothenate injected intravenously in rabbits.

The pharmacokinetics of zinc sulfate were compared with those of a new zinc salt, pantothenate, in rabbits. Each salt was administered at a dosage of 3.3 microCi of zinc-65/kg of body weight. The measured pharmacokinetics of the two compounds responded to a two-compartment open model. The urinary elimination of the two salts was similar, as was their localization in the skin and fur, but zinc pantothenate was fixed by the liver to a lesser extent than was zinc sulfate.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The dynamics of 11-beta-hydroxy-androstenedione (11 OHAD) metabolism in man.

The aim of the study was to determine the main metabolic parameters of 11-beta-hydroxy-androstenedione (11 OHAD) in man. Seven normal subjects were investigated at 1-3 months interval by 2 types of isotope dilution techniques using a tritiated tracer: constant infusion and bolus iv injection. 3H-11 OHAD and 3H-11-beta-hydroxy-androsterone (3H-11 OA) were isolated by gel column chromatography, unlabeled 11 OHAD was determined by RIA, unlabelled 11 OA by GLC. The results included computation of free and conjugated catabolite fractions. 3H-11 OHAD MCR determined from the infusion or the injection data averaged ca 1250 ml/min or 1800 L/d (CV: +/- 10%) providing a mean estimation of unlabelled 11 OHAD BPR of 1.5 +/- 0.15 mg/d. UPR estimations gave similar values. 3H-11 OHAD fractional catabolic rate drawn from the postinfusion or the injection curve averaged ca 1.4% per min (CV: +/- 7%). Mean total distribution volume ranged between 90 and 120 L according to the type of experiment. Extrapolation to time zero of the injection curve (2 exponentials) provided an estimation of 32 +/- 5 L for rapid exchange compartment. Urinary recovery of labelled compounds was complete within 24 h whereas the excretion of undegraded 3H-11 OHAD was undetectable; urinary clearance rate of 3H-conjugates approached that of creatinine. The present data show that: the secretion rate of 11 OHAD is equivalent to that of its direct precursor, adrenal androstenedione; its large MCR value results from the size of its exchange volume-equivalents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Ripening of the cervix and induction of labor at term with prostaglandin F2 alpha gel in increasing doses].

The induction of labour at term has a place of choice amongst the numerous obstetric applications of prostaglandins. The present clinical trial (50 cases) showed that F2 alpha prostaglandin, after incorporation in a high-viscosity gel and following insertion into the extra-amniotic space, is capable of accelerating cervical ripening and of inducing myometrial activity close to spontaneous physiological conditions. The use of increasing doses of prostaglandin avoids the development of acute foetal distress. Our experience confirmed the efficacy (8% true failures), the rapidity and the good maternal and foetal tolerance of the induction of labour at term by prostaglandins.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1983

[Comparative study of circadian changes of the mortality of mice with respect to 2 aminoglycosides, gentamycin and dibekacin].

We compare the acute toxicity of a dose of gentamicin or dibekacin in Mice at different times of the day. The female Mice are housed with food and water ad libitum for one and half week, ten or fifteen per cage in a light controlled room (lights on from 8 to 20 hrs). Each animal was given gentamycin (250, 275, 300 or 325 mg/kg) intramuscular and dibekacin (320, 355, 390, 425 or 460 mg/kg) at one of four times: 8, 14, 20 and 2 hrs). After injection, the animals are kept in their cages and observed for 10 days. We show that the circadian biosusceptibility rhythm in dibekacin toxicity is similar to that of gentamycin with significant differences in the mortality at the four hours. There is an evident parallelism between the curves for gentamycin and dibekacin but the differences in the percentage of mortality rate are more important for gentamycin than for dibekacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Mass fragmentographic determination of timolol in human plasma and urine.

A mass fragmentographic procedure was developed for measuring quantities of less than 1.0 ng of timolol/ml of plasma or urine. The lower limit of sensitivity was 0.5 ng of timolol maleate/ml of plasma. The unchanged drug was extracted into heptane--4% isopentyl alcohol from alkalinized plasma or urine, together with propranolol hydrochloride as the internal standard. The compounds were subsequently back-extracted into 0.1 N HCl and then into chloroform following adjustment of the acidic phase to an alkaline pH. The chloroform layer was evaporated to dryness, and the compounds were derivatized with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide-acetonitrile to form the trimethylsilyl derivatives; these derivatives were quantitated by mass fragmentography. Recovery of timolol added to normal plasma and urine was quantitative and reproducible, and no interfering substances were observed in normal biological samples. After a 20-mg oral dose of timolol maleate, plasma levels of approximately 3.0 ng/ml were observed at 12 hr.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetics of oral timolol studied by mass fragmentography.

The pharmacokinetics of timolol, after oral administration of single 20 mg doses to healthy subjects, has been studied using an original electron beam ionization GLC-mass spectrometry technique with computer -- controlled multiple ion detection. This method of mass fragmentography, tested with propranolol as an internal standard, permitted the measurement of timolol concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml with good precision and accuracy. It enabled the plasma level to be followed up to the twelfth hour after treatment. Individual variation was observed in bioavailability; the peaks plasma concentration (Cmax) of 50 to 103 ng/ml being achieved at different times(0.5--3h). The residual level after 12 h differed greatly between the subjects (0.8 to 7.2 ng/ml). The mean half-life of the terminal elimination phase was 2.62 +/- 0.17 h. Extra-renal elimination (metabolic and biliary) represented the main route of elimination, with a renal to body clearance ratio of 0.123. This level paralleled the percentage of unaltered timolol excreted in urine 24 h after its administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

[Antispasmodic agents (author's transl)].

The authors summarize current knowledge of the anatomical and physiological basis of uterine contractions and their inhibition, and review the different antispasmodics used at the present time in France. For each product they describe the pharmacological effects, the mode of administration, maternal and fetal tolerance, indications, contra-indications and efficacy. The choice of product and their association are then discussed. The authors emphasize the value of treatment by these products, and stress the need for careful prescribing, because of the severity of the accidents provoked by overdosage or when their contra-indications are not respected.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1978

[Comparison of the acute toxicity and the ulcer inducing power of zinc sulphate and pantothenate carried out in animals (author's transl)].

Zinc sulphate and pantothenate are two drugs capable of inducing ulcer. An experimental was performed in order to determine the acute toxicity of both drugs. The obtained data were in favour of a lesser ulcer inducing capacity of zinc pantothenate, associated to a better diffusion of this salt in the peripheral tissues. These results suggest a plausible use of zinc pantothenate as a therapeutic agent.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Combination of R3365 (piritramide) and dehydrobenzperidol in animals. Respiratory effects and analgesia].

1 -- Respiratory depression has been studied in the no anaesthetized rabbit by analysis of the blood gases after an injection of Piritramide (R 3365) and dehydrobenzperidol. 2 -- The respiratory depression induced by Piritramide alone is less important after an injection of dehydrobenzperidol; the most interessant cases are: -- mixture dehydrobenzperidol 400 mug/kg. Pirittramide 1000 mug/kg; --dehydrobenzperidol (400 mug/kg) injected 15 minutes before Piritramide (1000 mug/kg). 3 -- The addition of Dehydrobenzperidol does not take the analgesic activity of Piritramide decrease by it increases it.

Analgesics↗