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Biomedical subjects

P Cornu

Publications and source records attributed to P Cornu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer and myeloma with pamidronate.

28 patients with progressing painful bone metastases (18 breast cancer, 9 myeloma and 1 low grade lymphoma) received pamidronate 60 mg by 24 h continuous infusion for at least 2 courses (range 2-12). In patients urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretion significantly decreased in relation to diminution of bone resorption. 9 of 18 breast cancer patients and 8 of 9 evaluable patients with myeloma had symptomatic improvement. Sclerotic areas of previously lytic lesions appeared in 8 breast cancer patients and in 1 myeloma patient. Transient fever developed in 1 patient and local phlebitis in 2. Among the 28 patients, 15 did not receive any anticancer treatment or have any change of the anticancer therapy during pamidronate administration. Of 7 with breast cancer, 4 had an improvement of symptoms and 4 sclerosis on radiographs. Impressive control of symptoms was the major feature of 8 myeloma patients, but only 1 had radiographic sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

PET study of carbon-11-PK 11195 binding to peripheral type benzodiazepine sites in glioblastoma: a case report.

The utility of the peripheral type benzodiazepine site ligand 11C-PK 11195, for imaging human glioma in conjunction with Positron Emission Tomography, relies on a high specific binding of the tracer to tumoral peripheral type benzodiazepines sites. In a patient with glioblastoma, we found that 11C-PK 11195 binding was two-fold higher in the tumor than in normal gray matter and that 30% of tumoral binding could be displaced by a large excess of unlabeled drug. These findings suggest that tumoral retention of the ligand is due, in part, to specific binding.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Vascular accidents of the cerebellum].

Vascular accidents of the cerebellum include heamorrhages and infarctions. These two pathologies share the same clinical symptoms and the same potential severity due to the sudden creation of an expansive cerebellar process (haematoma or infarct). Owing to acute compression of the brain stem and of CSF channels in the posterior fossa, and to the resulting supratentorial obstructive hydrocephalus, cerebellar vascular accidents are acute neurosurgical emergencies. Although the diagnosis and prognosis of the lesions have been transformed by computerized tomography of the brain, they remain extremely serious. This underlines the need for early detection, especially since, unlike vascular accidents of the brain, their functional sequelae after treatment are moderate.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1990

Intracranial meningiomas in elderly patients. Postoperative morbidity and mortality. Factors predictive of outcome.

We studied retrospectively a series of 96 patients (36 men, 60 women), older than 65 years of age (mean age: 70 +/- 4 years, range 65-82), operated upon for an intracranial meningioma from October 1978 to December 1988. Fifty-two patients (54%) were under 70, 32 between 71 and 75 and 12 over 75 (46%). The tumours were diagnosed for all the patients by CT scan. Thirty-four (35%) were located over the convexity, 24 (25%) in the falx/parasagittal region, 38 (40%) in the base, tentorium and posterior fossa. Neurological and physical conditions were assessed preoperatively and at the closing date in June 1989. Operative mortality was 16% (15/96). Patients were divided into two groups: poor outcome, defined by the death or a post-operative Karnofsky index less than or equal to 70 (n = 36), and good outcome defined by a Karnofsky index of 80 or more (n = 60). The two groups did not differ regarding age, sex ratio, tumour size and peritumoural oedema. The only predictors of poor outcome were poor preoperative general health condition (stage III of the American Society of Anesthesiology classification), (p less than 0.01), poor preoperative neurological condition (Karnofsky's index) (p less than 0.001), and location of the tumour on the base or in posterior fossa (p = 0.02).

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Prevention of venous thrombosis in surgery].

Efficacy and safety of low-molecular weight heparins in preventing postoperative thromboembolism are sustained by randomized trials versus low-doses subcutaneous heparin. There are many discussions about their optimal regimen. Near this effective method of prophylaxis, the very significant role of venous stasis justifies all attempts for increase venous return.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1990

Platelet function in sickle cell disease during steady state.

Platelet function was investigated in 37 patients with sickle cell disease during steady state. The measurement of platelet aggregation in whole blood, demonstrating interaction of sickle cells and platelets, showed increased activity in patients compared to controls. In contrast, by classical platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) we observed decreased platelet aggregation in sickle cell patients. Aggregation of washed platelets appeared identical in patients and controls beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) as well as fibrinopeptide A (FPA) plasma levels were increased in patients with sickle cell disease. These results suggest that in sickle cell patients there is in vivo platelet stimulation, which may therefore appear "exhausted" in patients plasma during in vitro studies, and also a possible role of coagulation in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease as supported by high levels of FPA.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[Ependymoma of the intradural filum terminale in adults. 20 cases].

Twenty cases of ependymomas of the intradural filum terminale in adults have been reviewed. Their pathology was quite uniform, of a myxopapillary type, similar to the low grade ependymoma described by Kernohan, which represent about 23% of the tumours of cauda equina. Mean age of the patients was 35.7 years. Mean time between the first symptom and the diagnosis was 46 months. Clinical symptoms were often non specific, with low back pain and radiculalgias. At the time of operation, clinical signs were essentially motor deficits usually moderate (11 cases), sphincter disturbances (10 cases), and sensory loss (9 cases). In 3 patients with rapid worsening, an intratumoral haemorrhage was found. In 2 other cases, intracranial hypertension was the main symptom: in the first, it was related to hydrocephalus probably caused by spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage; in the second, there was no ventricular dilatation. In this series, neuroradiological examinations had consisted mainly in myelographies. C.T. scan has been performed in 3 patients; in only one case it has allowed to visualize a presacral extension. One patient had preoperative M.R.I.: the association of an expansive lesion with upper cyst in conus medullaris and presence of blood in the sacral area permitted the diagnosis of ependymoma of the filum terminalis. The average size of the tumours was 8 cm. Total removal has been possible in 15 cases (and in 2 of the 5 giant tumours), subtotal removal in 2 cases, and partial removal in 3 cases. In 4 patients where existed an intraspinal cord extension above the conus, it has been resected completely, except for one case with recurrence. Patients with a total removal had a good functional recovery (13/15). No recurrence has been observed in this group. In conclusion, with M.R.I., one may hope an earlier diagnosis, condition of radical surgery. So, radiotherapy which is not without risk, could be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Subacute brainstem hematoma. A surgically treated case].

We report a case of pontine haemorrhage in which symptoms and signs developed over a 2-months period. Surgery was successful but the patient subsequently died. The pathophysiology of subacute and chronic symptoms and signs is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The prognosis of medulloblastoma in adults].

We studied retrospectively the series of 24 patients (17 men, 7 women), median age 25.5 years (range: 16-57), operated upon for a cerebellar medulloblastoma from March 1979 to June 1988. The tumors were diagnosed for all the patients by C.T. scan and by M.R. imaging for the six last patients. Seven tumors (29.2%) were located in the fourth ventricle, 2 in the vermis (8.3%), 9 in the cerebellar hemisphere (37.5%), 5 in the vermis and cerebellar hemisphere (20.8%). One patient had a diffuse infiltration of the cerebellum. All patients have been operated on (complete removal: 15 patients (62.5%), subtotal removal: 8 patients (33.3%), biopsy: 1 patient). Operative mortality was 8.3% (2/24). One patient died at two months from septicemia. The twenty-one surviving patients received radiotherapy. Twelve patients received both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Six patients (25%) died during the follow up at 17, 22, 24, 60, 84 and 85 months. One patient is lost to follow up at 45 months and 13 patients are living at the closing date (June 1989). For the total group (n = 24) the probability of survival at 5 years was 64.8% (C.I. 95%: 42.8%-86.8%). Among the 21 patients who received radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy and chemotherapy the probability of survival at 5 years was 74.4% (C.I. 95%: 52.2%-96.7%). We studied the following predictors of poor outcome: age, sex, prognosis subgroups as defined by Chang et Coll., extension of tumor removal, adjunction of chemotherapy, histology. None of these factors was statistically related to the survival duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Y-loop gastrojejunostomy in postoperative gastritis caused by reflux].

This prospective study involving 24 patients operated for postoperative reflux gastritis spanned over the period between 1974 and 1987. Diagnosis by exclusion was based on clinical, endoscopic and histological findings collected a few months to 16 years following surgery, the outcome of which was either alteration or destruction of the antropyloric sphincteral mechanism. All patients had Y-loop gastrojejunostomy performed according to Roux's procedure (at 50 cm). The clinical results as assessed on the basis of Visick's score and by gastroscopy were good. Anatomopathological examination of pre- and postoperative bioptic specimens blind-collected by a single operator indicated that foveolar hyperplasia is a good indicator of enterogastric reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Intramedullary neurenteric cyst without an associated malformation. Case report].

The authors report a case of an intramedullary neurenteric cyst without any associated dysraphic lesion. Unlike extramedullary intradural forms, this type of malformation remains rare. Our observation is one of the first to have been evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Theories concerning the embryogenesis of neurenteric cysts as well as their clinical characteristics and surgical treatment are discussed.

Adult↗