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Biomedical subjects

P Collins

Publications and source records attributed to P Collins.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The effect of sodium sulphacetamide and sodium mandelate in brilliant green agar on the growth of salmonellas.

An assessment was made of the ability of 425 isolates of salmonellas, belonging to 54 serotypes, to grow on seven selective media. Several isolates of Salmonella dublin and Salm. paratyphi B failed to grow on brilliant green agar supplemented with sodium sulphacetamide and sodium mandelate. On this medium the colonies of 30 isolates which were able to grow were extremely small after 20 h incubation, and consequently their recognition was difficult. The sodium sulphacetamide was responsible for the reduction in colony size.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1984

Severe dothiepin intoxication--a report of two cases.

Two patients with severe dothiepin intoxication are described. The management of these cases is discussed and we draw attention to the prolonged elimination half-life of dothiepin and its metabolites, and the implication for treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rotational deformities of the lower limb in myelomeningocele. Evaluation and treatment.

We studied the results of surgical treatment for rotational deformities of the lower extremity in fifty children. The preoperative rotational deformities were subdivided as follows: (1) external rotation deformity of the hip (nine hips), (2) external tibial torsion (twenty-nine limbs), and (3) toeing-in gait (thirty-one limbs). These were further analyzed as to imbalance between the forces of the medial and lateral hamstrings, that imbalance associated with fixed internal tibial torsion, and isolated internal tibial torsion. The average length of follow-up was four years and six months. For the external rotation deformity of the hip we performed a derotation osteotomy with internal fixation at the subtrochanteric level. That procedure led to eight good results and one fair result. The external tibial torsion was treated by a derotation osteotomy of the tibia and fibula distally, with correction of the valgus deformity of the ankle if that was more than 10 degrees. In twenty patients a good result was obtained. For the toeing-in gait associated with a medial-lateral hamstring imbalance, the semitendinosus was transferred to the biceps and the head of the fibula. Good results were seen in ten of the fourteen patients. In twelve limbs a derotation osteotomy of the distal ends of the tibia and fibula was done alone, with eight good and fair results. In five patients a simultaneous semitendinosus transfer and derotation osteotomy was used. All had a good result. The over-all rate of good and fair results in the entire series was 79.6 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Morphology and origin of axonal endings in nucleus laminaris of the chicken.

The axonal endings on the somata and dendrites of third-order auditory neurons in nucleus laminaris (NL) were measured and classified in thin-sectioned material from adult chickens. Two methods were used to determine which ending types arise from second-order auditory neurons in nucleus magnocellularis (NM): 1) degeneration of axonal endings in NL after transection of the crossed dorsal cochlear tract (CTrX) carrying the axons of each NM to the contralateral NL, and 2) injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into NM or the CTrX to label endings in NL by anterograde transport. About 42% of the perikaryl surface of NL neurons and 63% of the dendritic surface are apposed by axon terminals arising from NM; these endings are also prevalent on the axon hillock and initial segment. The NM endings are characterized by round, clear synaptic vesicles distributed at an average density of 76/microns2 behind small punctate synaptic junctions with thick synaptic densities. These endings degenerate preferentially after transection of the CTrX and are the only endings consistently labeled after HRP injections. About 31% of the perikaryl surface of NL and 10% of the distal dendritic surface are apposed by a prominent non-NM axonal ending type. This ending is characterized by a synaptic vesicle density of 135/microns2 and a single large area of synaptic contact which bears very slight densities on both pre- and postsynaptic membranes. On the perikaryon, about 80% of these non-NM terminals end on the cell body proper, with the rest found on proximal dendrites or capping the short somatic processes or spines occasionally seen in NL. The distribution of the two ending types does not differ significantly along the posterior-to-anterior axis of NL.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Salmonella saint-paul infection in two dairy herds.

An outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella saint-paul in two dairy herds was first detected during routine examination of calves soon after calving; infection reached 100% amongst calves and up to 60% amongst milking cows. Excretion by cows continued for over 12 months and by calves for up to 18 months. The most important factor in controlling the spread of infection was reduction of environmental contamination by removal of carriers, prompt antibiotic treatment of sick calves and reduction in stocking densities.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Salmonella saint-paul infection in calves.

A natural outbreak of Salmonella saint-paul infection in two Institute herds was monitored clinically, bacteriologically and immunologically. This paper describes the findings in calves. Morbidity and mortality became apparent 30 days after S. saint-paul was first isolated on routine sampling of neonatal calf faeces. All heifer calves were treated with a tetracycline or ampicillin preparation when they showed clinical signs of disease, while the effects of intradermal vaccination with heat-killed S. saint-paul were assessed in a proportion of the bull calves. Antibiotic treatment reduced mortality and the number of persistent excretors; vaccination did not affect mortality but, if given during the first week of life, reduced the duration of faecal excretion. Calves which were untreated and unvaccinated, or vaccinated when older than 16 days, excreted S. saint-paul for periods of up to 18 months. Of six 'recovered' calves, which had been negative on faecal culture for 5-8 weeks, four yielded S. saint-paul at necropsy. Agglutinating antibody titres were highest in those unvaccinated calves which were persistent excretors.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1983

The spectrum of antiviral activities of acyclovir in vitro and in vivo.

In vitro sensitivity data suggest that acyclovir should be effective against clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus and possibly Epstein-Barr virus. The clinical potential against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 is further supported by results in animal models. Human cytomegalovirus and the veterinary herpes viruses, with the possible exception of equine herpes virus type 1, may be insufficiently sensitive to be amenable to treatment.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1983

The pathogenicity of Mycobacterium avium and related mycobacteria for experimental animals.

The pathogenicity of 40 strains of Mycobacterium avium, M. paratuberculosis, M. intracellulare and M. lepraemurium was investigated in chickens, rabbits, guinea-pigs, mice and calves. Mycobactin dependence and serological type were also determined. There was no evidence that mycobactin dependence was related to pathogenicity. Antigenic similarities were demonstrated between M. avium and M. paratuberculosis, and one isolate had the pathogenic characteristics of both species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Morphological features of the surface of the subcommissural organ and aqueduct in the red necked wallaby (Wallabia rufogrisea).

The subcommissural organ and aqueduct of the red necked wallaby were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the subcommissural organ was similar to that of the possum brain and was superficially similar to that of the rat. However, on close examination, the apical protrusions composing the eutherian subcommissural organ were not present and tight clusters of microvilli were noted instead. Caudal to the subcommissural organ and on each side of the mesocoelic recess there were ciliated paramedian folds. These have been described in the possum but have not been noted in any eutherian mammalian brain. It is believed that these structures are peculiar to marsupial brains. Zones B and C (caudal to the subcommissural organ) represent a superior convex bulge into the aqueduct and then a concavity in the roof of the aqueduct, respectively. Both zones had sparsely ciliated ependyma, the cell surfaces being covered by microvilli. The most caudal zone, C, was much wider and longer than zone B. A line of cells in the roof of the aqueduct similar to zone C has been observed in eutherian mammalian brains in which a dorsal dilation is present. Furthermore, a ridge of long thin ependymal cells has been noted in the roof of the mesencephalon in prenatal rats as early as 16 days of gestation. It is postulated that this region is a circumventricular organ present in ontogeny in all mammals, persisting into the adult only in those with a dorsal dilation in the aqueduct.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Acyclovir treatment of cutaneous herpes in guinea pigs and herpes encephalitis in mice.

Animal models of cutaneous herpes simplex and herpetic encephalitis were used to demonstrate the antiviral potential of acyclovir. Of the various topical formulations of acyclovir tested against herpes simplex in guinea pigs, 5 percent acyclovir in modified aqueous cream was the most effective. Propylene glycol was included in this preparation to increase the aqueous solubility of acyclovir. Acyclovir and vidarabine were found to be equally effective against herpetic encephalitis in mice when administered either orally or subcutaneously at 100 mg/kg.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

Sensitivity of herpes virus isolates from acyclovir clinical trials.

Clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus have been examined for changes in drug sensitivity after treatment of patients with acyclovir. Some preliminary sensitivity results determined by plaque reduction assays in Vero cells for herpes simplex virus and MRC-5 cells for varicella zoster virus are presented. Where both pretreatment and posttreatment virus isolates were available, no significant changes in sensitivity to acyclovir were observed. Similarly, isolates taken after treatment was begun, without a pretreatment sample, gave IC50 values no greater than expected when compared with other pretreatment isolates.

Acyclovir↗