Naloxone in fulminant meningococcemia.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Cocchi.
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Since its first report in 1981, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has attracted great interest among clinicians. Pediatric cases of AIDS were reported only two years later. Recently a review of the literature revealed about 300 pediatric patients with AIDS who are now tabulated separately by the Centers for Disease Control of Atlanta. The classification of the pediatric AIDS is based on epidemiologic, immunologic and virologic data. Subjects at risk include infants born to intravenous drug-addicted mothers and infants who have received blood transfusions or blood products. The diagnosis of pediatric AIDS may be established in a patient who has a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and T-cell immunodeficiency associated with antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or isolation of retrovirus.
The principle form of AIDS transmission are well known: sexually, blood and blood products, vertical transmission and in order to prevent HIV infections one must avoid these modes of transmission. Much has done to make more secure blood and blood products used for transfusions. It is furthermore, advised to those who must utilize intravenous drugs to employ the use of disposable syringes and more precisely, not to use the syringes of other persons. It is far more difficult to advise regarding the prevention of transmission of the virus through sexual contact, or to attempt to modify the sexual habits of certain categories of persons. Clearly, women with HIV infections should avoid pregnancy. Particular precautionary measures must be taken by those assisting patients with AIDS or HIV infections, thus avoiding infecting themselves and other patients.
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The present status of measles vaccination in Italy using live further attenuated measles virus is examined in detail. Data are also reported of a clinico-statistical study on the frequency of side-effects with measles vaccination as well as of antibody response to it in 1542 children subdivided into different groups according to age and virus strain used (Schwarz or Moraten).
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Adolescent had in the past rarely been affected by sexually transmitted infections. Nowadays they must be considered possibly running such risks as they begin their sexual activity earlier or do not know enough about these kinds of troubles. Therefore a valid primary prevention is necessary based upon correct information.
It is by now clear that pediatrician's interest about adolescent's matters is very much increasing. The Authors take into consideration vulvovaginitis, a particular matter which is very frequent during this period of life and describe its most important clinical aspects.
Our experiences at the "Centro di Profilassi Antirabbica" of the "Dipartimento di Pediatria" suggest to us some thoughts: though the seriousness of the lesions is important also for the patient's aestethics, mostly for girls, the physician must always take into consideration the infectious consequences of the bite itself. Among these bacterial infections mostly frequent enough are those overlapping the deepest wounds as the bites of cates are. Therefore adequate early preventive attendances (within the 24 hours) are necessary. The importance of prevention against rabies, luckily very rare in our country, but to be always afraid of and to be always taken into consideration because of its emotional impact, is to be highlighted.