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Biomedical subjects

P Cleaton-Jones

Publications and source records attributed to P Cleaton-Jones.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Social class, parents' education and dental caries in 3- to 5-year-old children.

The caries prevalence of 1273-, 4- and 5-y-old white children was determined with mirror and probe under natural light at mother and child clinics. The social class of the family, the educational level of the mother and that of the father were determined from a questionnaire filled in by the accompanying adult at the time of examination. Both social class and parent's education had a statistically significant influence on the caries prevalence: those in the lower social classes and with parents without tertiary education had a much higher prevalence of caries.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Permanent dentition caries in KwaZulu and Namibia 11-year-olds.

The permanent dentitions of 11-year-old children in Namibia (n = 295) and KwaZulu (n = 308) living in rural and urban areas were examined using WHO caries diagnostic criteria. In low fluoride areas (less than 0.15 ppmF) significantly more caries was present in rural compared to urban KwaZulu but the prevalences in rural and urban Namibia were similar although significantly higher than in an area with 1.56ppmF in the drinking water. There was significantly more caries in rural Namibia than KwaZulu but the urban prevalences in both regions were similar. It is suggested that the urban findings are useful predictors for the needs of 11-year-old black children but local baseline surveys should be undertaken before considering dental programmes, treatment or preventive, for different rural communities in South Africa.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Dental caries at five and twelve years in a South African Indian community: a longitudinal study.

In 1979, 515 of 767 available Indian children born in Lenasia in 1974 were examined and their dental caries status was described. In 1986, 515 of the original 715 were re-examined in order to determine the pattern of dental caries in the primary and permanent dentitions of the same individuals. In contrast to studies in the literature in which treatment records have been used, both investigations were formal epidemiological field studies using calibrated examiners and WHO (1971) caries diagnostic criteria. A firm association was found between caries in the primary and permanent dentitions (r = 0.34).

Child↗
PubMed1989

Dental caries diagnosis calibration for clinical field surveys.

A method to calibrate examiners for field studies of dental caries was investigated. A total of 200 carious teeth were mounted in 40 plaster blocks so that 920 surfaces were available for examination with a curved probe, using WHO criteria. The results of two examinations of the teeth 1 week apart by 3 experienced and 4 new examiners and 1 year apart by two experienced examiners were compared. The intra-examiner and inter-examiner reproducibility was high for the experienced examiners; between experienced and new examiners the reproducibility fluctuated. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the tips of probes indicated that the sharpness was only slightly decreased within their usual frequency of use. The calibration system used is recommended for the training of examiners for dental caries field studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Depth and area of dental erosions, and dental caries, in bulimic women.

Dental caries and the severity (depth) and area of erosions of tooth substance were studied in 11 bulimic subjects and 22 matched controls. Erosions were seen in 69% of the bulimics' teeth and in only 7% of the controls' (p less than 0.001). Depth of penetration was greater in the bulimics, extending even into the pulp, and the area of erosion was also larger. Scores for dental caries were higher in bulimics (mean DMFS 27.9, median 36) than in controls (mean DMFS 19.1, median 13.5), although the difference was not statistically significant. This study suggests that when erosions are present on the lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth, as well as on the buccal surfaces of maxillary canines, premolars, and maxillary incisors, a diagnosis of bulimia is likely. Patients with these signs should be referred for medical help.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Caries prevalence and severity in the primary dentition and Streptococcus mutans levels in the saliva of preschoolchildren in South Africa.

The caries prevalence (dmft) and severity (css) in 3-, 4-, and 5-yr-old children in South Africa were examined. Four levels of S. mutans in the saliva of 228 of these children was estimated by the spatula method. In all three age groups a statistically higher dmft and css was found with a S. mutans level of greater than 10(6) CFU/ml in saliva than at lower concentrations. At age 5 ANOVA showed significant differences between dmft and css at all S. mutans levels. A high concentration of S. mutans in the saliva may be an indicator of the high risk child at an early age.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Cariogenicity of traditional African foodstuffs (maize, beans, sorghum, brown bread) on rat caries.

The cariogenicity of the following traditional African foods was tested in a rat model system: cooked maize and beans, cooked maize and spinach, uncooked and cooked sorghum, both plus 20% sucrose and brown bread, as well as a control (wheat starch plus 50% sucrose). Plaque extent was low in all the test groups and caries incidence was almost zero in all groups except for the cooked wheat starch and 50% sucrose group. Comparison to earlier results suggests a possible cariostatic effect of sorghum but not for the other traditional foods.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Head holder for panoramic dental radiography.

A radiolucent head holder for the Pancentric Panorex dental x-ray machine is constructed and evaluated. Features include a wooden pointer to orient the head in the midsagittal plane, movable components adjustable into a number of fixed positions and a spirit level on an ear rod fitting.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of two fluorosis indices in the primary dentition of Tswana children.

Fluorosis of the primary dentition was determined in 146 children living in a hot, dry African village with a fluoride concentration in the drinking water of 0.98-2.7 ppm. The prevalence of fluorosis was compared using DEAN's (8) and THYLSTRUP & FEJERSKOV's (14) indices. The prevalence varied according to tooth type, being highest in maxillary second molars (25%) and lowest in mandibular central incisors (4.6%). The two scoring systems produced almost identical prevalences of fluorosis but the severity scores varied. Generally THYLSTRUP & FEJERSKOV's index scores were one score higher than DEAN's. The THYLSTRUP & FEJERSKOV index is recommended for future studies.

Botswana↗
PubMed1987

Hard tissue barrier formation in pulpotomized monkey teeth capped with cyanoacrylate or calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes.

Monkey incisor teeth were pulpotomized in groups of 10. After physiological hemostasis, the pulps of group I were covered with isobutyl cyanoacrylate, and those of groups II and III with calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes, respectively, whereafter this compound was washed away and the wound surfaces covered with Teflon. In group IV, calcium hydroxide was used as a positive control, and Teflon as a negative control in group V. The animals were killed after 12 weeks and the teeth removed in tissue blocks. The material was processed and evaluated histologically with respect to location and continuity of a hard tissue barrier, type of newly formed hard tissue, state of the pulp, and presence of stainable bacteria in the coronal cavity. Seven of nine teeth in group I showed a hard tissue barrier. The corresponding figure for group II was eight out of 10 teeth. All teeth in groups III and IV had a barrier. The incidence of a continuous barrier increased from group I through group IV, as did the incidence of its location below the level of the original wound surface. The condition of the pulp was related to the presence of bacteria and the continuity of the barrier to the presence of inflammation. There was no bridging in group V. The results support the theory that a low-grade irritation is responsible for the formation of a hard tissue barrier in exposed pulps.

Animals↗