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Biomedical subjects

P Cleary

Publications and source records attributed to P Cleary.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A five-year survey of ocular shotgun injuries in Ireland.

Between November 1980 and September 1985 20 patients in Ireland sustained accidental ocular shotgun injuries severe enough to necessitate hospital admission. Eight patients had contusion injuries and 12 perforating injuries. Contusion damage was disproportionate to the size of the pellet. Through and through perforation of the globe occurred in eight patients; the remaining four patients in this group had retained intraocular pellets. Twelve patients sustained perforating eye injuries. Those that were treated by primary closure alone lost the sight in that eye. Those treated by vitreoretinal surgery recovered vision directly related to where the pellet had its exit from the eye. It was possible to contact 15 of the patients. All 15 were shooting pheasant. It was not possible to relate the distance of the patient from the gun to the severity of the ocular injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol abuse in women seeking gynecologic care.

In several retrospective studies, alcoholic women have reported menstrual problems significantly more often than nonalcoholic women. There is no information, however, comparing the prevalence of alcohol abuse in women who receive periodic gynecologic care and those who seek care for menstrual disorders such as the premenstrual syndromes. This question was studied in two private practice settings. Women seeking periodic care were obtained from a suburban, general gynecology practice. Women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) were obtained from a practice that specialized in the care of PMS. Ninety-five patients with PMS and 147 patients seeking periodic care were screened with the CAGE questions--a mnemonic for attempts to Cut back on drinking, being Annoyed at criticism about drinking, feeling Guilty about drinking, and using alcohol as an Eye-opener. Women who gave affirmative responses to one or more of the CAGE questions were evaluated for the presence of alcohol abuse. In the women seeking periodic care, 33% were CAGE positive and 12% were alcohol abusers. In the PMS practice, 51% were CAGE positive and 21% were alcohol abusers. Alcohol abuse is a common problem in gynecologic practice. Women who seek medical care for PMS are at much greater risk to be alcohol abusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Small DNA deletions creating avirulence in Streptococcus pyogenes.

The M protein is the antigen on the surface of group A streptococci that allows these bacteria to resist phagocytosis. DNA encoding the M12 protein was cloned into Escherichia coli and used as an isotopically labeled hybridization probe to compare genomic DNA's isolated from M+ and M- isogenic cultures in an effort to elucidate the genetic basis of this variation. DNA's from two spontaneous, independent M- variants contained small (approximately 50 base pairs) deletions which were mapped to identical restriction fragments within or adjacent to the M protein coding sequence. Taken together with the pleiotropic nature of these deletions, this suggests that they define a regulatory switch.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Food and chemical sensitivity. Clinical and immunologic correlates.

Six allergic patients and six normal controls were studied serologically before and after provocative challenge with allergic substances. The patients showed impaired modulation of the immune system prior to challenge. The challenge blood changes in patients with adverse clinical responses were consistent with type 1 and/or type 3 immune responses. Normal controls showed no abnormal laboratory or clinical changes. The data support the hypothesis that an abnormal immune reaction develops in allergic patients who sustain an adverse clinical response to ingestion of foods or inhalation of chemicals to which they are sensitive.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Insensitivity of the cold pressor stimulation test for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Cold pressor stimulation (CPS) was compared with supine bicycle exercise during radionuclide ventriculography as a procedure for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD). Thirty patients were studied. In the 18 patients with angiographically proved CAD, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased a mean of 5.0 +/- 1.0 ejection fraction units (+/- SEM) in response to CPS. Only two patients developed a new wall motion abnormality. In response to maximal supine exercise, the CAD group showed a mean decrease in LVEF from rest of 1.9 +/- 1.1%. Nine patients developed an exercise-induced wall motion abnormality. In the 12 patients with angiographically proved normal coronary arteries, LVEF decreased a mean of 5.8 +/- 1.3 units in response to CPS and increased a mean of 9.2 +/- 1.2% in response to exercise. Thus, the LVEF response to CPS was not significantly different in the CAD and normal groups (5.0 +/- 1.0 vs 5.8 +/- 1.3, NS). These same patients demonstrated the expected difference in LVEF response to exercise. We conclude that CPS produces similar changes in LVEF in patients with and without CAD, and therefore is not useful in diagnosing ischemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of long-term moderate physical exercise on plasma lipoproteins. The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project.

As part of the National Exercise and Heart Disease Project, 223 postcoronary men, aged 30 to 64, were randomly assigned to moderate exercise or control groups. Levels of total plasma cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. At baseline, alcohol intake, weight, and skin-fold thickness but not treadmill work capacity correlated with triglyceride or HDL cholesterol levels. After one year, no clinically important change in lipid levels was observed in either group. Using multiple regression analysis of the combined groups, changes in several independent variables, including work capacity change, were not predictive of changes in lipid levels. Thus, changes in levels of fitness and/or regular exercise did not substantially influence HDL cholesterol or other lipid levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project: Long-term psychosocial outcome.

Six hundred fifty-one men who suffered at least one myocardial infarction eight weeks to 36 months earlier were randomly assigned to participate for at least two years as control subjects or subjects in a prescribed, supervised exercise training program. Psychosocial results at baseline and at the sixth-month, one-year, and two-year follow-ups are presented. With minimal exception, no differences were noted between the control and exercise groups at any of the testing periods. Several explanations for the lack of exercise-induced psychosocial benefit are provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

National Exercise and Heart Disease Project. Psychosocial changes observed during a low-level exercise program.

Seven hundred eight-four men, 30 to 64 years of age, with documented myocardial infarctions less than three years prior to study admission, were admitted to a six-week low-level exercise program. Six hundred fifty-one subjects completed the program, in which exercise intensity was limited to a maximum of 72% of age-predicted heart rate. This report characterizes study dropouts. In addition, the results suggest that low-level exercise is sufficient to stimulate positive psychosocial, sexual, and vocational changes in an upper middle class volunteer population. Recency of infarct is significantly correlated with degree of change in work capacity but does not appear to influence significantly the outcome variables, with the possible exception of return to sexual functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Genetic variation in the M antigen of group A streptococci: reassortment of type-specific markers and possible antigenic drift.

The phylogenetic relationships of 73 strains of group A Streptococcus isolated over a six-year period from a population with a high prevalence of streptococcal infections were analyzed with use of four serotype-specific markers: the serum opacity factor (OF), the T antigen, the determinant of the M antigen that precipitates with antibody, and the M antiphagocytic determinant. OF inhibition tests divided the strains into five subtypes: a, b, c, d, and e. Strains within subtypes a, b, and c shared a previously unidentified M precipitin. The identification of this new common M precipitin was based on absorption studies, double agar immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis analysis. Antisera directed against representative strains from subtypes a, b, and c contained cross-reactive bactericidal antibody, and absorption studies indicated that determinants of the M precipitins were identical, whereas determinants of resistance to phagocytosis were closely related but not identical. The association of a common M precipitin with three different OF antigens, two different T antigens, and three different, yet similar, antiphagocytic determinants is discussed in light of the possibility that the genes that code for these antigens have reassorted or recombined. Moreover, the possibility that differences in the antiphagocytic determinants of these strains have resulted from antigenic drift in a common gene is considered.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

Training adaptations in skeletal muscle of juvenile diabetics.

Skeletal muscles from 12 male, juvenile-onset diabetics (JD) and 13 nondiabetics (ND) were studied to determine the effects of endurance training on mitochondrial enzyme activities, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and the oxidation of lipids (14C-palmityl CoA) in vitro. Ten weeks of endurance running (30 min/day, 5 days/wk) resulted in 11.0 and 12.9% gains in aerobic capacity for the JD and ND groups (P greater than 0.05), respectively. Both groups showed significant (P less than 0.05) increases in muscle LPL, carnitine palmityl transferase, succinate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase activities with training. Though the pretraining capacities for 14C-palmityl CoA oxidation were similar for both ND and JD groups, the diabetics showed a 41% greater improvement in the measurement of muscle lipid oxidation after training than did the ND group. The principal finding of this research was that skeletal muscle of juvenile diabetics who are in moderate insulin balance shows adaptations to endurance training that are similar to those of nondiabetic men.

Adult↗