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Biomedical subjects

P Christian

Publications and source records attributed to P Christian.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Radioimmunodetection of human melanoma with indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibodies.

Our purpose in conducting this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an 111In-labeled murine monoclonal antibody directed against a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein in localizing metastatic melanoma in 15 patients with previously documented disease and to determine the effect of antibody mass (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg) on blood clearance, biodistribution, and lesion detection. Five mCi of 111In-antibody were infused over 1 hour, and patients were scanned at 24 and 72 hours after injection without computer enhancement or background subtraction techniques. No significant differences in the organ distribution, urine excretion, or plasma disappearance curves were noted at the three antibody dose levels. There were no acute reactions. The scan detected tumor in 9 of 12 (75%) patients with active disease, and 26 of 33 (79%) lesions greater than 1 cm. Patient management in 3 of 15 (20%) of patients studied was changed as a result.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The stress concept as a problem for a 'theoretical pathology'.

Theoretical pathology' is defined as the conceptual foundation of medicine. Research in this area is concerned with the analysis of explicit and implicit patterns of thought dominating research and practice. Using the example of the stress concept, it is suggested that it is a 'key word' with denotative and connotative meanings accessible to professional and laymen, contributing to explore the 'gray zone' between 'health' and 'disease' by linking psychological, social and biological determinants of 'well-being' and 'discomfort'. Examples of current research illustrate possible expansions of medical theorization.

Arousal↗
PubMed1985

Detection of acute synthetic vascular graft infection with 111In-labeled leukocyte scanning: an animal study.

Synthetic vascular graft infection is characterized by late diagnosis due to indolent and nonspecific symptoms. Indium-111-labeled leukocyte imaging holds promise as a diagnostic tool to identify vascular graft infection, but reported data on its accuracy are somewhat sparse and conflicting. In this study, 13 mongrel dogs received Dacron aortic interposition grafts. Seven grafts were contaminated at the time of surgery by topical ATCC Staphylococcus aureus concentrated at 10(8) organisms/ml. Six control animals received no graft contamination. All infected animals were sacrificed on the second postoperative day after 111In leukocyte scanning. The results showed a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 85% for the 111In leukocyte study in detecting early graft infections; false-positive leukocyte scans in the early postoperative period were not a problem as has been reported by others. These data indicate that leukocyte scanning for graft infection detection is likely to be clinically valuable.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of portasystemic shunt operations on hepatic portal perfusion.

We recently developed a radiocolloid technique for quantifying the fraction of superior mesenteric venous blood that bypasses liver sinusoids through extra- and intrahepatic collateral vessels. In the present investigation we applied this method, which is performed in conjunction with visceral angiography, to the assessment of patients with portal hypertension before and after surgical construction of portasystemic shunts. The mean corrected shunt index was 0.89 in 27 preoperative patients, and 48 percent of the patients had no evidence of sinusoidal perfusion by superior mesenteric venous blood (shunt index greater than 0.95). Sinusoidal perfusion was absent in five patients with residual hepatic portal flow by angiography, indicating that they had a high degree of intrahepatic shunting. Hepatic portal perfusion was preserved in 80 percent of patients after distal splenorenal shunt, and the corrected shunt index was significantly smaller after this procedure than after portacaval and interposition shunts. . Three patients with no sinusoidal perfusion by superior mesenteric blood preoperatively had restoration of portal flow after distal splenorenal shunt. Five patients undergoing portacaval and interposition shunts had no evidence of portal sinusoidal perfusion by the radiocolloid technique either before or after the operative procedure.

Angiography↗
PubMed1980

Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in children following repair of esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula.

We studied gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in 25 children between 3 and 83 mo post-repair of esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EATEF). The incidence of GER was determined by 18-24 hr pH monitoring of the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal scintiscan following the ingestion of 99mTc sulfur colloid in apple juice. Gastric emptying was also assessed in 20 children. Only 17 of 25 (68%) children had significant GER by esophageal pH monitoring, and 13 of 20 (65%) had significant GER by gastroesophageal scintiscan. Significant GER was found in 10 of 12 (83%) patients wih recurrent vomiting, respiratory symptoms or severe esophagitis. Three of these 10 patients required an operation to control GER. Significant GER occurred in continuous, discontinuous and mixed patterns. The discontinuous pattern was seen in 11 of 17 (65%) children, and was associated with slow gastric emptying. The only factor during the repair of EATEF that subsequently was associated with a higher incidence of significant GER (88% vs. 59%) and slow gastric emptying (11.2 +/- 4.2% vs. 25.9 +/- 3.7% gastric emptying at 30 min, p less than 0.05) was excessive tension at the esophageal anastomosis. Many children with EATEF do not have significant GER, but in those with significant GER slow gastric emptying seems to be important.

Esophageal Atresia↗
PubMed1976

Canine airway responses to acetylcholine, prostaglandin F2alpha, histamine, and serotonin after chronic antigen exposure.

Dose-response curves were obtained for aerosols of acetylcholine (ACh), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), histamine (H), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on pulmonary resistance (Rp) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) in Ascaris-hypersensitive dogs. Previously, these animals had been subjected to chronic biweekly "allergic asthmatic" episodes by aerosol administration of Ascaris antigen. When examined either one week before or after antigen provocation the airways were not hyperreactive to ACh, H, or 5-HT but did demonstrate a modest hyperreactivity to PGF2alpha. When aerosol dose-response curves were obtained for these agonists immediately following an "allergic asthmatic" episode, the airways were hyporeactive to PGF2alpha, H, and 5-HT, but not to ACh. Studies with atropine indicated that the hyporeactivity was the result of decreased airway responsiveness to both direct and indirect effect of PGF2alpha and H. It is concluded that, in dogs, chronic antigen challenge is not accompanied by a general increase in airway reactivity to pharmacologic agents.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

[Bases of psychosomatic medicine].

The theoretical and therapeutic concept of psychoneurosis is no longer the only pathogenetic framework for the theory of psychosomatic diseases. Some fundamental differences exist between psychosomatic diseases and psychoneurosis. The interdependencies between psychosomatic influencing factors and the corresponding somatopsychical (pathophysiological) correlates for different diseases are presented. It is shown that to a certain extent conditional chains are preformed in the somatic sphere which, once they have been initiated and maintained by psychosocial releasing factors, possess a peculiar somatisation tendency. In addition the multi-factorial level of analysis is pointed out by the example of modern CHD research (prospective epidemiology and multivariate statistics). In conclusion the relation of psychoneurosis to psychosomatic medicine is commented. Regarding this, the de- and resomatisation model according to Schur is specially taken into account.

Asthma↗