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Biomedical subjects

P Chevalier

Publications and source records attributed to P Chevalier.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Infectious complications, delayed wound healing and inflammatory syndromes as late complications of cardiovascular surgery].

Four-hundred and three patients were admitted to an internal medicine unit for late complications of cardiac or vascular surgery; 321 of these patients (80 per cent) had a total of 379 complications or intercurrent disease, 147 (40 per cent) of which were infections (71 cases), delayed healing of the operative wound (39 cases) or inflammatory syndromes (37 cases). Such complications are notable for their immediate or secondary severity, the diagnostic problems sometimes raised by their latency, their repercussions on the length of hospitalization and cost of surgery, and the thoughts they inspire concerning the minimal stay in hospital required after this type of surgery.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Valvular aortic stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and clinical consequences.

New methods of investigation (ECG, echocardiography, angiography, histology) allow a better understanding of the pathophysiology of valvular aortic stenosis (VAS) associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The progressive decrease in valvular aortic area modifies the coronary blood flow and leads to myocardial ventricular hypertrophy. These two mechanisms worsen left ventricular function. A significant atherosclerotic stenosis on a large coronary artery creates a considerable reduction of the available coronary blood flow. This reduction is permanent: present at rest, it is obviously increased during exercise. The study of the relationship between the severity of the VAS and the myocardial hypertrophy (MH) is of great interest. It seems that in VAS with coronary artery disease, different situations exist: (i) when the hypertrophy is severe (left ventricular mass greater than 180 g m-2), the angina pectoris is more attributable to the VAS than to the coronary lesions. Thus the removal of the aortic outflow obstruction is the most essential therapy; (ii) when the hypertrophy is less severe (left ventricular mass less than 180 g m-2), surgical treatment of the valvular lesion and myocardial revascularization are justified.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed1987

Quality of life of inoperable non-small cell lung carcinoma. A randomized phase II clinical study comparing radiotherapy alone and combined radio-chemotherapy.

Eighty one patients with inoperable non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were entered in a randomized phase II trial comparing split-dose irradiation alone to combined treatment radiotherapy and polychemotherapy (C.A.P. + V.D.S.). The quality of life and the survival of the patients were studied. We have defined three classes of quality of life responses based on the time elapsed before the performance status index drops. A higher quality of life failure rate was observed in the combined treatment group (p non-significant) but the time elapsed before the Karnofsky index drops is longer in the combined treatment group for the quality of life "no change" subgroup (p = 0.15). Survival and quality adjusted survival are similar in both treatment groups. The same conclusion holds for retrospective stratified treatment groups. The results of the study are presented according to the decision tree theory. We conclude that as far as the quality of life is concerned, polychemotherapy combined with the particular split-dose irradiation schedule used is an effective treatment of inoperable NSCLC. Its efficiency is comparable to, but not better than, the same radiotherapy schedule alone taken as a reference baseline.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Role of delta viruses in fulminating hepatitis in Central Africa].

The delta virus (DV) was shown to be the predominant but not exclusive aetiology in 124 cases of fulminating hepatitis (FH) in the Central African Republic. The condition occurs in an endemo-epidemic form in young adults with no apparent risk factors. The mortality is high (88 p. 100) and the clinical features well established. After a short prodromic period, the patients develop severe jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, and, in over 1/3 of cases, severe haemorrhage. Biologically, the main changes are related to hepatic cytolysis and insufficiency. Histology shows appearances of spongiocytic (steatosic) hepatitis in 81 p. 100 of cases. HBS antigen is found in 90 p. 100 of cases and DV markers are present in 53 p. 100 of these. The HBS Ag also occurs in 60 to 90 p. 100 of the close relatives of the patients and anti-DV antibodies occur in 40 to 90 p. 100 of these subjects. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published series to demonstrate FH associated with DV in the African continent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Triple antegrade nodal pathway in a patient with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia.

A 69-year-old patient is described in whom programmed atrial extrastimulus testing revealed dual discontinuity of atrioventricular nodal conduction suggesting a triple antegrade nodal pathway. In this patient, programmed right ventricular pacing initiated two types of tachycardia due to intranodal reciprocating rhythms. In both cases, antegrade conduction occurred via the slow nodal pathway, and retrograde conduction by the fast and intermediate pathways, respectively. During ventricular extrastimulus testing, a single echo beat was elicited via a third circuit: the intermediate nodal pathway in a retrograde direction, and the fast pathway in an antegrade direction.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Malnutrition and anemia in children hospitalized in Martinique].

In order to assess prevalences, characteristics and risk factors of malnutrition and anemia, a clinical and biological study was undertaken at Lamentin hospital in 100 hospitalized children aged 6 months to 6 years. Forty seven p. cent of children were underweight and 38 p. cent were anemic. Anemia and iron deficiency predominated in the under-24-month age group, whereas wasting was the dominate finding in older children. Under 2 years of age, risk factors for wasting and anemia were associated with method of breastfeeding. Over 2 years of age, low birthweight was the only risk factor of wasting identified. In Martinique, nutritional deficiency is common in children admitted to hospital and a high index of suspicion is indicated in the hospitalized population. Following the resolution of infections, supplemental iron therapy must be considered for a great number of children under 2 years of age.

Anemia↗
PubMed1982

Radioimmunoassay of nicergoline in biological material.

A method for radioimmunoassay of nicergoline (Sermion) in plasma and urine is described. The antiserum was produced in rabbits by administration of an immunogen obtained by coupling bovine serum albumin to the nicergoline molecule at the indole nitrogen. The resulting antibodies reacted well with nicergoline and the 1-demethyl derivative and did not cross-react with the principal metabolites of these substrates nor with rye ergot derivatives in particular dihydroergotamine, methysergide and bromocriptine. The tracer was nicergoline labelled with iodine-125. The assay was sensitive because concentrations as low as 125 X 10-12 mol/l nicergoline could be directly determined in plasma and urine without prior extraction. The marked specificity and high sensitivity allowed easy determination of plasma and urine levels of this drug following administration in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: two case reports (author's transl)].

Two cases of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) are reported with a review of the literature. Both cases had hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, variable parathormone (PTH) levels and hypocalciuria. The parathyroid glands were only slightly hyperplastic and subtotal parathyroidectomy did not reduce the hypercalcemia. FHH is an autosomal dominant congenital disease with high penetrance. It is characterised by hypocalcemia. This contradictory biological finding should alert the physician to the diagnosis and initiate a familial enquiry. The serum PTH and urinary cyclical-AMP levels do not distinguish FHH from primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgery is usually contraindicated because it is ineffective and because the disease is usually benign. Semi-quantitative bone histology in a patient with a high PTH level was normal. The value of bone biopsy in these cases is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Detection of moderate protein-energy malnutrition in pre-school children.

Several biochemical and anthropometric tests were used to define the states of mild or moderate protein-energy malnutrition among 810 children aged under five years in the forest region of Southern Cameroon. The results show that the percentage and the identity of children classified as undernourished may be different according to the anthropometric test employed. The mean values of most of the biochemical variables assayed decrease in the groups affected with moderate weight and arm deficiencies. A system is proposed for the evaluation of the nutritional status based on the simultaneous use of four anthropometric tests. Some biochemical parameters may be useful for establishing a diagnosis.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1980

The effect of iron-deficiency anaemia on two indices of nutritional status, prealbumin and transferrin.

1. Serum prealbumin, transferrin and iron concentrations were measured in ninety-two north Cameroonian children under 5 years of age. The results were grouped according to the blood haemoglobin concentration range in order to show the interactions of anaemia with prealbumin and transferrin concentrations. 2. Transferrin concentration showed a significant negative correlation with serum Fe and percentage saturation of transferrin values. Prealbumin concentration showed a significant direct correlation with haemoglobin but did not correlate with either serum Fe or percentage saturation of transferrin. 3. It is concluded that in regions where Fe-deficiency anaemia is endemic transferrin concentration may be of little value in determining nutritional status. On the contrary, prealbumin seems to be more useful.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1980

[The nutritional status and growth in the first two years of life in Yaounde (author's transl)].

A longitudinal study has been performed in 63 children in Yaounde to assess the significance of moderate malnutrition which is often observed between the ages of 18-24 months. The children were divided into two groups on bases of anthropometric measurements at the age of two years: group I were normal infants and group II, children with moderate malnutrition. Group II children had: 1) lower birth weight; 2) a weight gain between 0 and 8 months equal to the standard but lower than group I; 3) A weight gain between 8 and 23 months much lower than the standard and group I. Weight at 23 months was related to birth weight and all the anthropometric measurements were more closely related to the weight gain between 0 and 8 months than to the weight gain between 8 and 23 months. There were no significant biochemical differences between the two groups but there was a significant correlation between the weight gain between 8 and 23 months and the transferrin, C3 and the hydroxyproline index. It appears that the birth weight and weight gain in early months of life could be used as indicators of the future nutritional status.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1979

[Calcium and magnesium deficiency and C3 fraction of complement].

The third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of complement and C3 proactivator (C3PA) were determined in 55 children with low serum levels of calcium and magnesium and 30 normal children. The concentrations of serum C3, C4 and C3PA were significantly reduced in children with double deficiences of calcium and magnesium. There were significant correlations between calcium and C3 and magnesium and C3PA. The relations between calcium, magnesium and the classical or alternate pathway of complement systems are discussed.

Calcium↗