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Biomedical subjects

P Chaulet

Publications and source records attributed to P Chaulet.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Problems posed by tuberculosis in the world in 1982].

One hundred years after the discovery of the tubercle bacillus the struggle against tuberculosis still poses numerous problems on a world scale. Each year, 10 million new cases appear: nearly five million are highly contagious; 95% of these cases come from developing countries. The official notification system currently in force is imperfect but a reckoning of the annual infection risk, from a methodical enquiry into tuberculous disease gives exact information on the size of the problem and its evolutionary time scale in each country. This is the best epidemiological index currently available. The technical problems of the struggle against tubercle are resolved in theory: the selective detection of groups at risk, centered on a network of bacteriology laboratories enables identification of all the sources of infection; chemotherapy, becoming safer and safer, with a duration reduced to 6 or 9 months at the maximum and curing practically 100% of the patients; properly performed BCG vaccination reduces the risk of infantile tuberculosis. Operational problems remain the most serious. The greatest difficulties are seen in countries with the highest prevalence: they are linked to a global shortage of resources but also at times a poor utilisation of the resources available. A concerted international action could render antituberculous drugs and the appropriate sanitary technology to all countries. With a judicious use of available information and means each country could today achieve an effective national antituberculous programme.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1982

The consequences of Robert Koch's Discovery for countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.

Since the issue of the 8th report of the WHO Expert Committee on Tuberculosis in 1964, the importance of Robert Koch's discovery has become fully apparent, becoming the basis of the development of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Robert Koch's discovery has had three main consequences for high prevalence countries. 1. It provides an unfailing epidemiological index which permits the evaluation of the tuberculosis problem in each country and the definition of the aims of the programmes. 2. It is the basis of the case-finding policy. 3. It makes possible the follow-up of the results of treatment in individual as well as in the community. The message of hope for the whole humanity, that was implied by the announcement in march 1882 of the remarkable discovery of the Koch bacillus, should be translated into reality in the next few decades by the progressive disappearance of tuberculosis in man.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1982

[An inquiry into the use of antibiotics in acute respiratory infections in primary health care centres in Algeria during 1980 (author's transl)].

In an acute respiratory infection the prescription of antibiotics is often still routine in Algeria. Antibiotic consumption has accounted for 20 to 28% of the drug bill in recent years. A prospective pilot study was carried out in 1980 in 26 health centres in different parts of the country. This has allowed an evaluation to be made of the importance of acute respiratory infections in the demand for primary health care and the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions. In 1980 acute respiratory infections accounted for 23% of consultations in primary medical care. In 69% of cases they were for upper respiratory tract above the glottis sometimes extending to the bronchi; in 28% the infections were isolated to the trachea and bronchi; in 3% the infections were bronchiolar, alveolar or pleural. Although the localisation of acute respiratory infections suggests a predominantly viral origin, antibiotics were prescribed in 76% of cases; these prescriptions depend more on the habit of the prescriber than the observed pathology. An agreed strategy is required to deal with acute respiratory infections at the primary care level and is a priority for health care. It should now go beyond the theoretical model to the level of realistic and rational therapeutic decisions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Prospective survey on the organization and supervision of the bacteriological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a screening system in Algeria].

A prospective investigation was conducted in the western region of Algiers in 1974 in order to compare the effectiveness of the different methods of bacteriological diagnosis, the operational efficiency of its centralisation or decentralisation, and to evaluate the various methods of supervision. The results obtained favored the decentralisation of the microscopy centers at the peripheral level with permanent supervision by a regional or central laboratory.

Algeria↗