Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

P Castaigne

Publications and source records attributed to P Castaigne.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Cerebrovascular accidents and migraine].

Twenty-three clinical cases are reported, illustrating the difficulties of diagnosing migrainous focal cerebrovascular accidents. Cases of constituted cerebral infarcts and transient cerebral ischemia occurring during the cephalalgic phase, without headache and in patients with no previous history of typical migrainous attacks are described. Migraine may be considered to be the cause on convincing clinical criteria, but the diagnosis can only be established after negative results of investigations to exclude other causes of focal cerebral ischemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Crossed cerebellar atrophy following hemispheric lesions occurring in adulthood].

Crossed cerebellar atrophy generally results from a large contralateral hemispheric lesion involving the cortico-spinal tract in neonates or infants. Two cases of crossed cerebellar atrophy which were particular from two points of view are reported: 1) the cerebellar alterations resulted from cerebral lesions which had occurred in adult life, after complete maturation of the central nervous system. One was observed in a 78 years old hypertensive woman who had presented 24 years before a right lenticular haemorrage, the other in a 73 years old woman who when aged 18 had presented a left cortical frontal traumatic lesion. The clinical and pathological data are compared to 13 similar cases reported in the literature. The retrograde or anterograde route of this transneuronal degeneration is discussed. The pathological features of those 2 cases lead the authors to favor the anterograde route; 2) the cerebral lesion was small and strictly limited to F2 in 1 case, the secondary lesions involving then, only the medial pontine nuclei and the quadrangular cerebellar lobule. This allows a clear demonstration, in man, of a systematisation of the cortico-pontine and ponto-cerebellar fibers similar to what has been described in the animal (Brodal, 1980).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: an epidemiological update (author's transl)].

We report here the results of a prospective epidemiological study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in continental France during the years 1978-80, extending a retrospective study of the decade 1968-1977 previously reported. The new annual mortality figures are 0.53 cases per million people for France as a whole, and 1,01 cases per million people for the paris metropolitan area. The correlation between mortality rate and population density persists in the Parisian area, and is not related to differences in age composition of the density categories. Although the geographic distribution of CJD and Scrapie and completely unrelated, there is a correlation between lamb consumption and CJD mortality rates in different nationwide population categories.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Neurologic manifestations of Behcet's disease. 24 cases].

Dominant symptoms in 24 patients with neurological manifestations of Behçet's disease were meningo-encephalitis (13 cases), febrile meningeal syndrome (3 cases), intracranial hypertension (6 cases), polyneuritis of the lower limbs (1 case), and isolated retrobulbar ocular neuritis (1 case). Several classical notions concerning the "Neuro-Behçet" meningo-encephalitis were confirmed: the frequency of central motor lesions (33 p. cent), cerebrospinal fluid alterations (anomalies in 100 p. 100 of cases in the initial stage), and the often unfavorable course (40 p. cent). An unusual finding in this series was the frequency of cerebral veins thrombosis (4 certain and 2 probable). These could be differentiated from meningo-encephalitis by their symptomatology, predominantly that of intracranial hypertension, and by their course: often the first disorder to appear in the course of Behçet's disease, they followed a favorable neurological course but were constantly complicated by other vascular manifestations, usually phlebitis. It is suggested that a long-term anticoagulant treatment should be associated with corticoid therapy in these forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical symptoms and anatomical locations in primary haemorrhages of the basal ganglia. A neuropathological study of 64 cases (author's transl)].

The signs, symptoms and courses of 64 cases of "primary" haematoma of the basal ganglia have been retrospectively studied, and the main clinical data have been analyzed in relation to the location and extent of the bleeding. Onset with hemiplegia, accompanied or not by impaired consciousness, was more frequent with intermediate and lateral haematomas than with medial haematomas (p less than 0.001). Among patients with initial hemiplegia, impaired consciousness was more frequent with intermediate and medial haematomas than with lateral haematomas (p less than 0.005). At a later stage, patients with intermediate and lateral haematomas more often went into deep coma than those with medial haematomas (p less than 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the three anatomical groups with regard to frequency of other signs and symptoms or duration of the disease before death occurred.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1981

Paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarct: clinical and neuropathological study.

The clinical and neuropathological findings in 28 cases of paramedian thalamic and midbrain infarcts are reported. The 4 instances of unilateral paramedian thalamic infarct were characterized by mood and behavioral changes, limitation of the infarct to the center of the anatomical paramedian territory, and symmetrical configuration of the paramedian thalamic arteries. Basilar artery occlusion was found in 1 patient. The 5 cases of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts were characterized by disturbances of consciousness and behavior, extension of the infarct (to the mammillothalamic tracts in 4 cases, the red nuclei in 3, and the hypothalamus in 2), and a variable paramedian thalamic arterial pattern. The arterial pattern was symmetrical in 2 cases, asymmetrical in 1, and unilateral in 1. The basilar artery was occluded in 1 case, the basilar communicating and posterior cerebral arteries in 1, and a third patient had occlusion involving an aneurysm of the basilar artery. The 19 patients with paramedian thalamopeduncular infarcts had marked disturbances of consciousness (hypersomnia, deep coma, akinetic mutism) associated with ocular motility changes. Later, abnormal movements--always delayed--and memory disturbances were observed in some. Thalamic changes were restricted to beh paramedian territory in only 3 cases. The arterial pattern was symmetrical in 5. The basilar and posterior cerebral arteries were occluded in 4 patients each. Paramedian infarcts were rarely found as isolated lesions and were always bilateral when there was only one arterial pedicle. The paramedian thalamic pedicle can supply the polar thalamic territory.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Noninvasive tomographic study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in vivo. Potentials, limitations, and clinical applications in cerebral ischemic disorders.

The non-invasive continuous inhalation technique of C15O2 and 15O2 coupled with positron emission tomography (PET) provides brain images that are thought to represent local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). Experimental studies in baboons have confirmed that C15O2 inhalation allows tomographic measurement of CBF. The numerous difficulties involved in PET absolute quantitation are stressed, as well as some limitations inherent to the 15O inhalation model. However, the values for local CBF, OEF and CMRO2 obtained in normal young subjects are satisfactory in view of the above-mentioned limitations. The clinical application to recent cerebral infarction has allowed two opposite types of flow-metabolism uncoupling to be identified, which appear to be often predictive if tissue prognosis. The time course of spontaneous changes in CBF and OEF within the infarct is also described. Our studies have, in addition, revealed the previously unknown phenomenon of "crossed cerebellar diaschisis" in supratentorial infarction. Lastly, a state of chronic watershed ischemia, potentially reversible by surgical revascularization, has been identified as presumably involved in the progression of watershed necrosis. The clinical potentials of this method appear considerable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Transient loss of consciousness in ischaemic cerebral events. A study of 557 ischaemic strokes and transient ischaemic attacks (author's transl)].

A study was done of 31 episodes of transient loss of consciousness occurring at the onset of 557 cerebral ischaemic events selected on the basis of a well known mode of onset, excluding prolonged comas. The following conclusions can be drawn: Transient loss of consciousness is uncommon in ischaemic strokes (6.5 p. cent), occurring twice as often in cardiac emboli (13.2 p. cent) as in a atherothrombotic brain infarction (6.2 p. cent), and more often in carotid (8.4 p. cent) than in vertebro-basilar (5.7 p. cent) territory. The incidence is however similar in both territories (4.6 p. cent and 4.8 p. cent) when epilepsy is excluded. Epilepsy accounts for nearly half (3.8 p. 100) of all losses of consciousness in hemispheric strokes, but was encountered neither in lacunar strokes nor in transient ischaemic attacks (T.I.A.). Transient loss of consciousness is uncommon in basilar TIAs, and extremely rare in lacunar strokes (1.5 p. 100) and in carotid TIAs (0 p. 100). Presumed mechanisms and practical implications are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Solitary intracranial plasmacytoma : report of a case and review of the literature (author's transl)].

The authors report the case of a 71 year old woman affected by a solitary intracranial plasmacytoma. Computed tomography statement and monoclonal gammapathy found in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid permitted the diagnosis. Brain tumor and gammapathy improved after radiotherapy. A review of the 17 cases reported in the available literature showed some characteristics of these tumors : epidemiology, localization, evolution.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Asymptomatic multiple sclerosis - 3 cases (author's transl)].

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) cases found at autopsy in patients who had died from other diseases and in whom no sign or symptom could be related to MS are called "asymptomatic". Three cases are reported. The first patient was a 62 year old man who presented with a slowly progressive disturbance of gait, incontinence and deterioration of intellectual function. A falx meningioma was surgically removed. The patient died 3 years later with an acute respiratory illness. Examination of the brain disclosed evidence of the operation and numerous old plaques disseminated through the cerebral hemispheres (centrum semi-ovale, periventricular regions, internal thalamus and junction between cortex and white matter) and in the brain stem. The second case, a 77 year old woman with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, presented with cortical blindness and disturbances of memory of acute onset. She died one year later. Examination of the brain showed multiple infarcts involving the territories of both posterior cerebral arteries and the left middle cerebral artery. Numerous old plaques were seen in the periventricular regions, in the corpus callosum and in the left middle cerebellar peduncle. The third case, a 60 year old woman with mitral and aortic stenosis, presented with cortical deafness and transient right hemiparesis. She died 5 years later. Brain examination showed infarcts involving both middle cerebral artery territories. There was also many old plaques in the periventricular areas, thalamus, internal capsule, centrum semi-ovale, brain stem and right nucleus dentatus. In the 3 cases, the optic tracts were normal. The spinal cord, examined only in the first case, was also normal. The asymptomatic character of these MS cases can be explained first by the location of the plaques and the lack of spinal cord and optic tract involvement. It could also be due to the small size of the plaques and to axonal preservation. Such features are rare since our 3 observations have been selected from a pathological collection of 125 MS cases and 9,300 general neuropathological records. Six other cases have been previously reported by other authors.

Aged↗