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Biomedical subjects

P Carter

Publications and source records attributed to P Carter.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Energy and nutrient intake of children with cancer.

Two hundred seventy-seven pediatric cancer patients received a nutritional assessment. Initial dietary intakes of patients with no prior treatment indicated a diet similar to that of the general population. The caloric intake was 75% of the RDA in a group of patients with non-malignant diseases and 80% of the RDA in the groups of patients with solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. Protein intake was greater than 100% of the RDA for all groups. Dietary iron was the nutrient lowest in intake, with a range of 70% to 78% of the RDA. At six-month evaluations, no significant changes occurred except for an increase in iron, niacin, riboflavin, and protein intakes in the group with solid tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Nutritional parameters in children with cancer.

An analysis of commonly used nutritional parameters was made for 277 pediatric cancer patients. It is apparent that standard nutritional assessment parameters in the pediatric cancer patient may be difficult to interpret because of the disease state as well as of the treatment. On the basis of the findings of this study, dietary histories to determine caloric and protein adequacy and a measurement of weight/height percent may, in fact, be the most reliable indicators of nutritional status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Symmetry of the bone lesions of periodontitis in the golden hamster].

In 8 month old hamsters, a spontaneous bone resorption occurs on both lingual and palatal aspects of the alveolar process, whereas, the buccal aspects are much less severely affected. A periodontitis lasting more than 6 months markedly increased this process in animals of the same age. In both maxillae, similar levels of bone resorption occurred on both left and right quadrants. A parallel degree of involvement was noted in the upper and lower jaws. However, the progress of the lesions seemed less rapid in the maxilla compared to the mandible. For experimental periods less than 6 months, less sever periodontitis could be recorded if macroscopical studies were conducted in the maxillae rather than the mandibles.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1980

A clinical trial of hyperalimentation in children with metastatic malignancies.

In a controlled, randomized prospective clinical trial the utility of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) in the administration of and tolerance to chemotherapy was tested. The conclusions reached were 1) IVH is safe with a tolerable infection rate; 2) infectious complications correlate significantly with the nutritional status of the patient, with the presence of IVH being only a secondary factor; 3) IVH may be used to rehabilitate patients nutritionally, even those on intensive chemotherapy; 4) the ability to deliver chemotherapy to patients seems to be improved by IVH, especially in malnourished patients in a late stage of disease.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Utilization of a glycol-stabilized liquid NAD for the measurement of three enzymes on the GEMSAEC.

Some analytical parameters have been investigated for a recently described stabilized liquid coenzyme technology in which water-free NAD is dissolved in 1,2 propanediol. Correlation for 108 specimens assayed for AST, ALT and LD with a reference method in which glycol-based NAD was absent was greater than or equal to 0.998 with near identical reproducibility over a period of at least 107 days. Mean recovery of exogenous serum enzymes in this linear kinetic assay is 103%. With the option of mixing only the volume of reagent needed for the enzymatic assay, waste can be eliminated as compared to more costly preparations stabilized by lyophilization. Hazards from an impure water supply are avoided since no reconstituting volume is required.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1978

The mass spectra of diethylstilbestrol and related compounds.

The low resolution mass spectra of E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene (diethylstilbestrol), E-[1,1,1-3H3]3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene, E-2,3-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-but-2-ene (dimethylstilbestrol), E,E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)hexa-2,4-diene (dienestrol) and 3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hexane (hexestrol) were examined as the parent compounds, their diacetates, dimethyl ethers, and bis-trimethylsilyl ethers. In addition, the mass spectra of the diethyl ether and the hexadeuteriodimethyl ether of E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene were studied. Each compound gives rise to several sets of characteristic fragment ions associated with loss of alkyl groups, loss of aryl groups and rearrangements. An ion of m/e 165 (C13H9) was found in the spectra of all the compounds studied. With the aid of high resolution mass spectrometry empirical formulae were assigned to major ions of the free diphenols.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Metabolism of diethylstilbestrol: identification of a catechol derived from dienestrol.

The enzymatic oxidation of E-3,4-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-hex-3-ene (diethylstilbestrol) by either mushroom tyrosinase or rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and air yields a catechol. Upon further oxidation of both compounds with periodate and condensation of the resulting o-quinones with o-phenylenediamine, phenazines are produced. The phenazines derived from the products of both the plant and animal enzyme systems are identical to the product obtained by oxidation of diethylstilbestrol with potassium nitrosodisulfonate and condensation of the o-quinone produced with o-phenylenediamine. High and low resolution mass spectra of the phenazine are consistent with its derivation from a catechol having two fewer hydrogens than diethylstilbestrol.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A convenient method for the determination of non-specific binding in commercially available solid phase iodine labeled radioimmunoassay kits.

57Co-cyanocobalamin is substituted for iodine labeled antigen in three commercially available solid phase radioimmunoassay kits to evaluate the extent of non-specific binding by determination of the supernatant and residual fraction of unbound ligand and thus obtain a value for corrected binding throughout the range of the calibrated standard curve. In the present state of technology correction appears to have a trifling effect on the overall accuracy of the assay; however, the method as described allows the laboratorian to confirm for himself when testing a new product.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1978

Improved ultraviolet spectrophotometry of serum theophylline.

We present an improved method for ultraviolet spectrophotometry of theophylline in serum. We studied various extraction techniques aimed at eliminating interferences from co-extractable serum constituents. In the resulting modified procedure, 1 ml of serum is required and a salt-solvent pair of ammonium sulfate and chloroform/hexane is used for extraction. The solvent forms the top phase after extraction, the lower phase after back-extraction, thereby permitting easy removal of the appropriate phase from culture tubes. The use of ammonium sulfate coupled with the added specificity of the extraction solvent results in an extract with low background absorption and a well-defined spectrum for the extracted theophylline.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Preparation of ligand-free human serum for radioimmunoassay by adsorption on activated charcoal.

I describe a convenient method for stripping hormones and other ligands from human serum. Formation of a serum/charcoal colloid is avoided by incubating serum on a limited surface area with activated charcoal, in a lateral oscillating shaker. Particle-free serum of negligible turbidity is obtained without ultracentrifugation by ejecting the centrifugate through a cellulose ester membrane. By this technique, more than 80% of thyrotropin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, cortisol, insulin, digoxin, folate, estriol, or an ether derivative of testosterone is removed from serum. About 70% of follitropin and somatotropin are removed, as well as half the choriogonadotropin. Serum protein remains intact throughout the adsorption process.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1977

The immunological response to intact and dissociated blue-tongue virus in mice.

Antigenic fractions of bluetongue virus were separated by ultracentrifugation in Tris-buffered CsCl gradients at pH 6, 7 or 8 and the bluetongue virus polypeptide composition of the bands isolated from these gradeints was monitored by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis. The immunological response to these fractions in mice was determined by a haemolytic plaque-forming cell assay, using sheep erythrocytes onto which intact bluetongue virus was adsorbed as lytic indicator cells. Isolated outer layer bluetongue virus polypeptide 2, from gradients at pH 6, and polypeptides 2 and 5, from gradients at pH 7, produced a strong primary IgM plaque-forming cell response. The subviral particles of density 1, 39 g.cm-3 and the bluetongue virus core particles of density 1,42 g.cm-3 also stimulated an IgM response at least as strong as that to intact bluetongue virus of density 1,38 g.cm-3. The isolated bluetongue virus fractions therefore appear to maintain their immunogenic integrity as effectively as those of intact bluetongue virus. The pattern of the immune response to bluetongue virus type 4 is similar to that of type 10.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sheep erythrocyte and bluetongue virus antibody responses of spleen cell cultures from mice.

The optimum conditions for the culture of cells from dissociated spleens were determined. Routinely, 10(7) cells were seeded per ml of RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20% pre-tested foetal calf serum. For the assay of the immune response, cultures were supplemented with 30 muMolar mercaptoethanol. The immune responses to sheep erythrocyte and bluetongue virus antigens were determined by the haemolytic plaque-forming cell assays described by Oellermann (1974) and Oellermann, Carter & Marx (1976a). The optimum sheep erythrocyte antigen concentration was 2 X 10(6) erythrocytes per 10(7) spleen cells and maximum IgM plaque-forming cells were detected after 4 days in culture. Successful stimulation of the immune response to bluetongue virus was achieved in spleen cell cultures from mice previously primed with bluetongue virus. The optimum antigen concentration was 30-40 ng bluetongue virus per 10(7) spleen cells and the maximum plaque-forming cell response was observed after 4 days in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The relation of clinical and laboratory findings to the survival of patients with macroglobulinaemia.

The relation of clinical and laboratory findings at the time clinical presentation to subsequent survival was investigated in 204 patients with macroglobulinaemia. It was found that the ten following clinical and laboratory parameters were of prognostic significance and a further twelve were not. The best prognoses were found amongst male patients, patients aged 50-69 years and those with serum IgM paraprotein concentrations of 20-39 g/1, type lambda paraproteins, no Bence-Jones proteinuria or cryoglobulinaemia, only one paraprotein, serum cold haemagglutinin activity, serum albumin above 40 g/1 and serum urea below 10 mmol/1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Modified hemolytic plaque technique for the detection of bluetongue virus antibody-forming cells.

A hemolytic plaque assay was developed for the detection of antibody-forming cells to bluetongue virus (BTV). Sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), onto which BTV had been absorbed, served as the indicator of lysis due to the presence of BTV antibody-forming cells. The ratio of BTV to SRBC was found to be critical for optimum hemolytic plaque formation. For routine use, 50 mul of 12% BTV SRBC, 0.1 ml of a spleen cell suspension, and 0.5 ml of 0.5% agarose in a balanced salt solution were mixed and plated on a microscope slide precoated with 0.1% aqueous agarose. Slides were incubated for 1 h at 37 C in a humidified incubator and subsequently flooded with 0.4 ml of a 1:15 dilution of complement. Incubation was continued for a further 2 h before the hemolytic plaques were scored. It was not possible to establish BTV serotype specificity by this technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The ICSH reference method for serum iron assay: recommendation for a viable automated alternative.

A viable alternative to the ICSH reference method for serum iron assay is proposed where automated batch analysis is required. The introduction of Ferrozene into contemporary automated methodology makes this possible. The Donnan effect on membrane dialysis has been resolved by observing the fate of aqueous and protein matrices inoculated with 59FeCl3 as they leave the system.

Autoanalysis↗