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Biomedical subjects

P Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to P Carroll.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Palliative percutaneous and endoscopic urinary diversion for malignant ureteral obstruction.

We performed a retrospective analysis of 22 patients with malignant ureteral obstruction who underwent palliative urinary diversion by retrograde ureteral stenting or nephrostomy tube placement. The average duration of survival after diversion was 526 days and was unrelated to tumor type, patient's age or sex, renal function, or indications for diversion. As a group, patients without previous hormonal or chemotherapy survived longer. Morbidity related to the urinary diversion was low. The majority of patients (77%) were discharged from the hospital, and this group spent 86 percent of their survival time at home. We conclude that modern palliative urinary diversion can be performed with low morbidity and can result in long-term survival and improved quality of life. Predictions or assumptions concerning survival of individual patients should be made with caution.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Using multiple teaching techniques in a continuing education program.

The use of Gregorc's mind mediation channel theories as a framework for continuing education planning has been successful and well received by participants on the basis of evaluation responses received over a 2-year period. This framework has been especially applicable in the setting described because participants form a heterogeneous audience drawn from registered nurses in various practice settings at many different institutions across the country. Integration of various techniques designed to meet the needs of participants with different mind mediation characteristics assures that participants will find at least one technique targeted to their learning needs. In a more homogeneous setting with a consistent audience for continuing education (for example, a critical care unit with monthly continuing educational offerings), the planner may want to consider asking participants (staff nurses) to complete the Gregorc Style Delineator so that educational experiences can be planned for congruency with participants' learning characteristics.

Chest Tubes↗
PubMed1991

Pneumothorax in the newborn.

Air leak syndromes, and pneumothorax in particular, are a common occurrence in the NICU. Careful nursing assessment, monitoring, and management strategies offer the infant with pneumothorax his best hope.

Chest Tubes↗
PubMed1990

Sleepiness and REM sleep recurrence: the effects of stage 2 and REM sleep awakenings.

Determinants of daytime sleepiness include sleep length, sleep continuity, and circadian factors. Sleep stage composition has not been seen as influencing subsequent daytime functioning; however, earlier studies did not focus explicitly on sleepiness. The present experiment studied the effects of selective sleep-stage restriction on an objective measure of sleep tendency, and explored the relationship between sleepiness and subsequent REM recurrence during REM deprivation. Daytime sleep latency was measured by a modified Multiple Sleep Latency Test prior to and following two nights of awakenings from either REM or Stage 2 sleep in 16 normal young adults. Sleep latency following these awakenings was also measured. REM sleep and Stage 2 awakenings produced comparable levels of sleepiness, both during the Awakening Nights and subsequent daytime Multiple Sleep Latency Testing. Pooling the groups, daytime and nocturnal sleepiness measures were correlated within individuals. In the REM-Awakening Group, Pre-Awakening daytime sleepiness was associated with the tendency for REM sleep to recur following experimental awakenings. Comparable levels of sleepiness may result from nonspecific processes such as sleep curtailment and fragmentation, or alternatively from separate REM and Stage 2 mechanisms. The relationship between REM sleep and sleepiness is discussed in the context of both state and trait models.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Safe suctioning.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

A second DNA methyltransferase repair enzyme in Escherichia coli.

The Escherichia coli ada-alkB operon encodes a 39-kDa protein (Ada) that is a DNA-repair methyltransferase and a 27-kDa protein (AlkB) of unknown function. By DNA blot hybridization analysis we show that the alkylation-sensitive E. coli mutant BS23 [Sedgwick, B. & Lindahl, T. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 154, 169-175] is a deletion mutant lacking the entire ada-alkB operon. Despite the absence of the ada gene and its product, the cells contain detectable levels of a DNA-repair methyltransferase activity. We conclude that the methyltransferase in BS23 cells is the product of a gene other than ada. A similar activity was detected in extracts of an ada-10::Tn10 insertion mutant of E. coli AB1157. This DNA methyltransferase has a molecular mass of about 19 kDa and transfers the methyl groups from O6-methylguanine and O4-methylthymine in DNA, but not those from methyl phosphotriester lesions. This enzyme was not induced by low doses of alkylating agent and is expressed at low levels in ada+ and a number of ada- E. coli strains.

DNA Repair↗
PubMed1988

Sexual transmission of human papillomaviruses in heterosexual and male homosexual couples, studied by DNA hybridisation.

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16, and 18 in 36 heterosexual couples and seven male homosexual couples with genital warts was investigated for evidence of sexual transmission of genital HPV. The prevalence of virus type and number of copies of viral genome equivalents/cell in the lesions were assessed, and the factors influencing transmission analysed. Our results show that HPV 6 and, to a lesser extent, HPV 11 were the types most readily transmitted, and that transmission appears to depend on the copy number and the duration and frequency of exposure.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of crosslinked fibrin derivatives--use in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis.

The measurement of crosslinked fibrin derivatives in plasma has received evaluation as a screening test in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Plasma samples were taken from 104 patients undergoing venography because of clinical suspicion of lower limb venous thrombosis. The samples were assayed using a monoclonal antibody identifying an epitope on D dimer and larger crosslinked fibrin derivatives in an enzyme immunoassay. 100% of patients with positive venograms had elevated levels of these molecules. While a percentage of patients with negative venograms also had increased levels, alternative clinical explanations were apparent in most. A normal D dimer value excludes the diagnosis of venous thrombosis, while an increased value supports it. The measurement of crosslinked fibrin derivatives in plasma may play a role in the selection of patients for venography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of ganglioside sialyltransferase activity and stimulation of neutral glycolipid exocytosis by heparin.

Heparin treatment of human teratocarcinoma cells in culture has several manifestations. Accumulation of gangliosides is greatly decreased while the content of cellular neutral glycolipids is relatively unaffected. However, synthesis of neutral glycolipids is increased and large amounts of these glycolipids are exported out of the cells into the medium. In addition, sialyltransferase activity of heparin-treated teratocarcinoma cells is significantly inhibited, accounting for the decreased cellular content of gangliosides. These studies are not intended to infer any physiological role of heparin in the regulation of glycolipid biosynthesis. However, results do show that beta-D-galactoside 2,3-sialyltransferase is a heparin-binding protein and that inhibition of the enzyme activity by heparin is linked to an alteration in the secretion of most neutral glycolipid precursors and sialyltransferase acceptors. These data suggest that in addition to its biosynthetic function, this ganglioside transferase may play a regulatory role in glycolipid secretion.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1987

Optimising hospital revenues.

Today's hospital materials manager must search for new ways to reduce expenses and/or increase revenues. In this article the author examines a method of rate optimization for charge paying patients; whereby, departments serving these patients are identified, their impact both measured and optimized.

Accounting↗