Biomedical subjects

P Carroll

Publications and source records attributed to P Carroll.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of accommodation of the lens on ocular pressure.

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Accommodation, Ocular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular cloning, expression and regional distribution of rat ciliary neurotrophic factor.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was originally characterized as a survival factor for chick ciliary neurons in vitro. More recently, it was shown to promote the survival of a variety of other neuronal cell types and to affect the differentiation of E7 chick sympathetic neurons by inhibiting their proliferation and by inducing the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide immunoreactivity (VIP-IR). In cultures of dissociated sympathetic neurons from newborn rats, CNTF induces cholinergic differentiation as shown by increased levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). This increase is paralleled by a reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. Moreover, CNTF promotes the differentiation of bipotential 02A progenitor cells to type-2-astrocytes in vitro. To help establish which, if any, of these functions CNTF exerts in vivo, it is necessary to determine its primary structure, cellular expression, developmental regulation and localization. The complementary DNA-deduced amino-acid sequence and subsequent expression of cDNA clones covering the entire coding region in HeLa-cells indicate that CNTF is a cytosolic protein. This, together with its regional distribution and its developmental expression, show that CNTF is not a target-derived neurotrophic factor. CNTF thus seems to exhibit neurotrophic and differentiation properties only after becoming available either by cellular lesion or by an unknown release mechanism.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

To be a nurse.

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Burnout, Professional↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using personality styles to enhance preceptor programs.

Matching preceptors with novices by personality styles makes the relationship more successful. Critical care orientation content can be mastered more quickly, with enhanced retention, and with reduced overall time spent in the preceptor program.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Deep venous thrombosis: implications for orthopaedic nursing.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and its complications, pulmonary embolism (PE), and postphlebitic syndrome (PPS) affect millions of Americans. The risk is especially high in surgical patients in general, and orthopaedic patients in particular. Virchow's triad describes the three factors that affect coagulation within a blood vessel: stasis, vessel injury, and coagulation factors. Risk factors, which relate to these factors, can predict which patients will be most likely to develop DVT. Prophylactic regimens should be tailored to patient risk. Nursing care is the key to implementation, maintenance, and compliance with any prophylactic program and its ultimate success.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adult respiratory distress syndrome complicating severely uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: report of nine cases and a review of the literature.

We report the occurrence of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in association with uncontrolled diabetes in nine patients. In reviewing the literature we found nine similar cases reported in little over a decade. In most cases no condition known to precipitate ARDS was discovered. The evidence suggests that the severely uncontrolled diabetic state in some way may initiate pathologic events leading to the capillary leak of ARDS. This description of the association of these two entities not commonly recognized as occurring simultaneously has important clinical implications: the entity should be anticipated in uncontrolled diabetic patients who present with acidosis, hypotension, hypothermia, and/or coma. The clinical or radiologic diagnosis of pneumonia or fluid overload should not be made in the uncontrolled diabetic patient in the absence of unequivocal evidence of infection or congestive heart failure. The development of dyspnea, hypoxemia, rales, or infiltrates in the otherwise routine resuscitation of these patients should lead the clinician to suspect the development of ARDS. Prompt invasive monitoring in these cases is indicated to aid in their management and may help to improve survival. We found calculation of the A-a gradient to be useful in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Although not necessarily predictive, widened gradients were the earliest detectable abnormality found in all patients who developed ARDS.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in adults: experience in treating diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma with low-dose insulin and a uniform treatment regimen.

A number of changes in therapy of uncontrolled diabetes have occurred in recent years. These include low-dose insulin regimens, often routine phosphate repletion, more cautious bicarbonate replacement, infusion of larger fluid volumes, the use of hypotonic solutions in hyperosmolar states, and recently magnesium repletion. These modalities (with the exception of routine magnesium repletion) have been employed at North Central Bronx Hospital since its opening in 1976. Through this retrospective analysis of 275 cases of uncontrolled diabetes we have tried to answer the following questions: What is the outcome of all episodes of uncontrolled diabetes in a municipal hospital population with a uniform treatment protocol? What are the results of treatment with new modalities in various age groups? Are the causes of death different from those tabulated in previous reports? Our results indicate a good outcome in those under the age of 50 yr regardless of the diagnosis of hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HNC) or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Mortality from DKA was 2% in those under age 50 yr and 26% in the older age group. Surprising was the low mortality in the hyperosmolar group with 0% mortality under age 50 yr and 14% in patients over this age. The major categories of causes of death in the series included sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), metabolic, cardiovascular, and shock. With the exception of ARDS, these categories were not different from other reported series. There were few thromboembolic events in this series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bicarbonates↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Glucose-induced alterations in nerve metabolism: current perspective on the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and future directions for research and therapy.

Recent animal and in vitro studies have identified several interrelated metabolic abnormalities in diabetic nerve that are attributable to elevated ambient glucose concentrations. In combination, these metabolic changes may induce a variety of biochemical and biophysical alterations in peripheral nerve that are highly relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. This article reviews the current status of several of these metabolic defects and describes ways in which their interaction could lead to pathogenetically important changes in nerve metabolism, function, and structure. Areas of related future research are also discussed.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied