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P Carli

Publications and source records attributed to P Carli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Validity of applying TRISS analysis to paediatric blunt trauma patients managed in a French paediatric level I trauma centre.

OBJECTIVE: Using a weighted combination of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the type of injury (blunt or penetrating) and patient age, the TRISS method is used to calculate the probability of survival (ps) in trauma patients. The goal of this study was to compare the ability of the American Major Trauma Outcome Study (MTOS) norm for adult blunt trauma patients (ADULT) and the specific norm for paediatric patients (PED) to estimate the ps of injured children using TRISS methodology. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis using a paediatric trauma patient database. SETTING: A French level 1 paediatric trauma centre. PATIENTS: Four hundred seven consecutive paediatric blunt trauma patients, treated over a 3-year period. MEASUREMENTS: The observed and expected survivals were compared, using the M, W and Z scores, with both ADULT and PED. The W score is the number of survivors more or less than expected from the MTOS predictions for 100 patients. A Z score, which measures the significance of W, between -1.96 and +1.96, indicates no significant difference between observed and expected survivors. A value of M less than 0.88 indicates a disparity in the severity match between the study group and the MTOS group. We calculated the standardised W score (Ws), which represents the W score that would have been observed if the case mix of severity was identical to that of the MTOS group. Accordingly, a standardised Z score (Zs) was also calculated. In addition, we calculated the area under the receiver operating curve (aROC) using both norms, while calibration was also assessed by calculation of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit tests. RESULTS: Using PED, the number of actual survivors (n = 364) was not significantly different from the MTOS (n = 358). The value of M, 0.65, indicated a disparity in the severity match between the study group and the MTOS group, due to a higher proportion of patients with lower ps (TRISS < 0.95, 52 vs 27%). We was +1.06% (95% confidence interval -0.34 to 2.08) and Zs was 1.48, indicating no significant difference from the MTOS. Using ADULT, the number of observed survivors (n = 364) was significantly higher than that expected (n = 354), with a W score of +2.70% (Z = +1.98, p < 0.05). There was a disparity in the severity match (M = 0.67) between the study group and the MTOS group, due to a higher proportion of patients with lower ps. Ws was +1.32% (95% confidence interval -0.12 to 2.37) and Zs = +1.79 (NS), indicating no significant difference from the MTOS. The Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics indicated that ADULT (Cg = 7.24, p = 0.51; Hg = 4.45, p = 0.81) and PED (Cg = 6.08, p = 0.64; Hg = 3.55, p = 0.90) provided sufficient goodness-of-fit. There was no significant difference in the aROC of the TRISS between the two norms (0.935 +/- 0.050 vs 0.936 +/- 0.050; NS). CONCLUSION: Both adult and paediatric norms were equally good predictors of the probability of survival of injured children, provided that Ws and Zs are used when there is a disparity in the severity match between the study group and the MTOS group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Medical assistance during commercial airline flights: analysis of 11 years experience of the Paris Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) between 1989 and 1999.

Emergencies arising during commercial airline flights may have serious consequences. We report the experience of the Paris Emergency Medical Service (SAMU) in providing in-flight assistance to Air France between 1989 and 1999. During this period medical advice was sought 380 times during the carriage of about 350 million passengers. Analysis of the patient files suggests that serious emergencies were rare and that cardiopulmonary resuscitation was required only exceptionally. However the relative frequency of cardiac and neurological emergencies in our analysis supports the necessity of carrying adequate medical equipment and of having direct access to expert medical advice. The results suggest the requirement for a rigorous prospective epidemiological study of in-flight emergencies to evaluate the effectiveness of current practice and possible modifications of equipment and protocols for patient management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Prehospital use of minimally invasive direct cardiac massage (MID-CM): a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Internal cardiac compressions are more efficient than closed chest compressions (CCC) in cardiac arrest (CA). AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the prehospital feasibility of performing a new method of minimally invasive direct cardiac massage (MID-CM TheraCardia Inc.). METHODS: Prospective non-randomized open study, after ethical committee approval. Inclusion of 18-85 years old patients in witnessed CA if BLS>5 min and unsuccessful ACLS>20 min after CA. The MID-CM is an atraumatic manual cardiac pumping system deployed in the thoracic cavity through a small incision. Evaluation of: ease of insertion and performing MID-CM, complications, end-tidal CO(2) (PETCO(2)), non invasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Values are mean+/-SD (min-max). RESULTS: Twenty-five patients included. Mean age 59+/-16 years (26-85); BLS started at 8+/-5 min (0-20), compressions started at 47+/-10 min (29-74) after CA. Dissection and insertion was fast and easy (<1 min). Deployment of the MID-CM was difficult in two patients because of pericardium adhesions and cardiomegaly. In six patients compressions were more difficult because of a 'stone heart' phenomenon. Compressions were possible during ambulance transport of four patients. There was a good palpable carotid pulse in all patients receiving internal compressions. There was a trend in increase of PETCO(2) compared to CCC. NIBP could be measured during MID-CM compressions in 9 patients (systolic>85 mmHg), never during CCC. Seven patients had a ROSC, but only four patients were admitted alive. There was no long term survival. One patient had a serious complication (heart rupture). DISCUSSION: Prehospital use of MID-CM is possible, but it is not comparable to any other resuscitation technique. Training of medical teams is mandatory to obtain good skills and to avoid complications. Further studies are necessary to evaluate efficiency and survival compared to closed chest compressions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Acute hemolysis following perioperative blood salvage in chldren operated for the surgical correction of craniosynostosis].

We report the case of a 6-month-old child, who suffered from acute haemolysis following transfusion of salvaged blood. This complication, of favourable outcome, was related to the accidental aspiration of benzalkonium chloride into the cell saver. This case emphasizes that any adjunction of antiseptic solution is contraindicated during blood saving. The use of a cell saver must be associated with written protocols, describing clearly the contraindications, precautions of use, and the different steps of use of this method of autologous blood transfusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Pulmonary embolism in sclerotherapy for a venous malformation in a child under general anesthesia].

We report a case of pulmonary embolism associated with percutaneous sclerotherapy (absolute ethanol: 0.5 mL.kg-1) of a venous angioma, performed under general anaesthesia in a 13 year-old child. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, suspected on the clinical setting and symptoms, was supported by the pulmonary scintigraphy obtained 4 hours later, showing 3 minimal pulmonary defects. The outcome was rapidly favourable without sequelae under heparin administration and the pulmonary scintigraphy, performed on day 7, was normal. The role of absolute ethanol, for explaining the apparent contrast between the severity of the symptoms and the minimal obstruction noted on pulmonary scintigraphy is discussed. Also discussed are the prophylactic and curative therapeutic issues of this severe complication.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2001

[A case of hepatic pseudoaneurysm treated with percutaneous embolization in a child with multiple trauma].

Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms are rare complications of blunt abdominal trauma in children. Diagnosis is frequently delayed and made by splanchnic angiography. Most of the indications for surgical treatment have disappeared after the development of selective catheterization and embolization. We report a case in an 8-year-old pedestrian who was struck by a car and suffered a multiple trauma with a severe blunt abdominal trauma. A severe collapse upon admission commanded immediate laparotomy that depicted a liver fracture with associated jejunal and pancreatic lesions. Recovery was progressive until the 15th postoperative day where an abrupt haemobilia occurred. A CT-scan exploration was performed and revealed a vascular mass lesion in the left lobe of the liver. The performance of a selective angiography confirmed the diagnosis of left artery pseudoaneurysm, but because of technical difficulties, no embolization could be performed by this way. A direct percutaneous puncture and embolization of the aneurysm allowed a complete exclusion of the lesion. Eventually, recovery was complete. This percutaneous technique could be a valuable alternative to classical embolization and could avoid surgical treatment that still carries a high morbidity.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed2001

Dermoscopy as a second step in the diagnosis of doubtful pigmented skin lesions: how great is the risk of missing a melanoma?

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the occurrence of false negatives in the diagnosis of melanoma using dermoscopy in clinical practice: in the literature dermoscopy only increased the accuracy of diagnosis of equivocal lesions that were to undergo biopsy anyway. AIM AND METHODS: We collected the 81 lesions clinically diagnosed as probable melanomas by experienced specialists (from a series of 256 pigmented skin lesions submitted to excisional biopsy) and reviewed them for possible false negative results in the diagnosis of melanoma using in vivo dermoscopy and dermoscopy performed on slide images. Both procedures were carried out by the same experienced dermatologists who classified the lesions clinically. RESULTS: Dermoscopy made on slide images (observers blinded for clinical features of the lesions) yielded three false negative results (91% sensitivity) in a group of 35 histologically confirmed melanomas. In vivo dermoscopy showed better results, with no melanomas missed (100% sensitivity). The frequency of false positive results in the diagnosis of melanoma was 13.5% (11 of 81) with dermoscopy on slide images and 2.5% (two of 81) with in vivo dermoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Only in vivo dermoscopy by fully trained dermatologists with both clinical and dermoscopic experience avoids the risk of misclassification of melanomas otherwise correctly classified on clinical grounds.

Dermatology↗
PubMed2001

Cohort study of metastatic melanoma patients in the Dermatology Institute of Florence 1990/1997.

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are treatments currently employed in advanced melanoma, but responses obtained are poor, and metastatic melanoma patients with visceral localization rarely survive for more than 6 months. Thus, different therapeutic regimens are used in metastatic melanoma and no standardized therapy exists so far. METHODS: We report a retrospective survival study involving 80 patients with metastatic melanoma who were treated either with chemotherapy [dacarbazine (DTIC) alone or DTIC in monotherapeutic or polychemotherapeutic regimen] or immunochemotherapy [interferon (IFN)-alpha at low doses added to chemotherapy]. Survival of patients was statistically evaluated in an actuarial curve taking into account as predictive variables sex, age, marital status, site of primary tumour, histological type, Clark level, sites of metastases, and the different therapeutic regimens (i.e. DTIC alone, DTIC plus IFN-alpha, or others, with or without IFN-alpha). RESULTS: Site of primary melanoma, histological type, Clark level and therapy regimen appeared to exhibit a prognostic significance in survival; when a multivariate analysis was performed to obtain a mutual adjustment of survival values for each variable, only the therapeutic regimen was found to be significant as an independent prognostic variable. Patients treated with immunochemotherapy, i.e. DTIC plus IFN-alpha, showed a probability of dying of 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.2-0.8) compared with patients treated with DTIC alone. CONCLUSIONS: In our study immunochemotherapy, comprised of DTIC plus IFN-alpha at low doses, was associated with a significantly longer survival of patients, in comparison with chemotherapy comprised of only DTIC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Diagnostic significance of the blue hue in dermoscopy of melanocytic lesions: a dermoscopic-pathologic study.

In epiluminescence microscopy, the perception of a blue hue is generally considered a clue to malignancy, especially in clinically equivocal melanocytic skin lesions. However, melanocytic nevi can seldom show a blue hue under dermoscopy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the histopathologic correlates of the blue hue seen in dermoscopy, to clarify its significance and diagnostic value. From a series of 224 consecutive pigmented skin lesions submitted to surgical excision, we selected all the melanocytic skin lesions (n. 36), blue nevi excluded, characterized by the presence of a blue hue dermoscopically. In agreement with recent refinement of dermoscopic semeiology, all cases were further classified in cases showing blue areas and cases showing blue-whitish veil by experts observers blinded to the final diagnosis. Histopathologically, the series included 23 (63.9%) melanocytic nevi and 13 (36.1%) melanomas. For each lesion, several histopathologic parameters related to both epidermal and dermal alterations were assessed. Blue areas were found in 21 melanocytic nevi and 7 melanomas, whereas blue-whitish veil was found in 6 melanomas and 2 nevi. Careful dermoscopic-histopathologic correlation demonstrated that blue areas are related to the presence of large amounts of melanin pigment, either within melanophages (in the context of areas of regression) or within pigmented melanocytes in the superficial dermis. Conversely, the histopathologic correlate of the blue-whitish veil resulted in the presence of an acanthotic epidermis with compact orthokeratosis overlying large amounts of melanin in the dermis. Such melanin was found not only within melanocytes but also in large clusters of melanophages within areas of regression in the dermis. In conclusion, the majority of melanocytic lesions characterized by the presence of blue areas were histopathologically diagnosed as melanocytic nevi whereas the presence of blue-whitish veil was highly indicative of malignant melanoma diagnosis (specificity 91% vs. 9% of blue areas; sensitivity 75% vs. 25% of blue areas). Thus, these two features of blue hue under dermoscopy cannot be longer considered as synonymous in dermoscopy setting, being associated with different histopathologic alterations and different diagnostic information.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Distribution of the probability of survival is a strategic issue for randomized trials in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND: Many randomized clinical trials in trauma have failed to demonstrate a significant improvement in survival rate. Using a trauma patient database, we simulated what could happen in a trial designed to improve survival rate in this setting. METHODS: The predicted probability of survival was assessed using the TRISS methodology in 350 severely injured trauma patients. Using this probability of survival, the authors simulated the effects of a drug that may increase the probability of survival by 10-50% and calculated the number of patients to be included in a triad, assuming alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.10 by using the percentage of survivors or the individual probability of survival. Other distributions (Gaussian, J shape, uniform) of the probability of survival were also simulated and tested. RESULTS: The distribution of the probability of survival was bimodal with two peaks (< 0.10 and > 0.90). There were major discrepancies between the number of patients to be included when considering the percentage of survivors or the individual value of the probability of survival: 63,202 versus 2,848 if the drug increases the probability of survival by 20%. This discrepancy also occurred in other types of distribution (uniform, J shape) but to a lesser degree, whereas it was very limited in a Gaussian distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The bimodal distribution of the probability of survival in trauma patients has major consequences on hypothesis testing, leading to overestimation of the power. This statistical pitfall may also occur in other critically ill patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Non-invasive analysis of melanoma thickness by means of dermoscopy: a retrospective study.

Epiluminescence microscopy (ELM), or dermatoscopy, is a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma that may play a role in the non-invasive, preoperative assessment of melanoma thickness. This study investigated the correlation between the frequency of appearance of some standard ELM criteria and the histological thickness of melanomas. In addition, the possible role of the total dermoscopic score (TDS) according to ABCD rule of dermoscopy as a predictor of melanoma thickness was analysed. The dermoscopic images of 84 cutaneous melanomas were retrospectively investigated to evaluate the presence of 10 standard ELM criteria, and for each lesion the TDS was established (with observers blinded as to the tumour thickness). A statistically significant association was found between the presence of an irregular pigment network and melanomas with a Breslow index equal to or lower than 0.75 mm (positive predictive value of 68%); in contrast, radial streaming, atypical vascular pattern and grey-blue areas were associated with melanomas > 0.75 mm (positive predictive values of 77%, 65% and 70%, respectively). Of the melanomas thinner than 0.76 mm, 82% showed a TDS lower than 6.80 (optimized cut-off point), while 79% of melanomas thicker than 0.75 mm had a TDS higher than 6.80 (chi2 = 30.815, P < 0.001); the positive predictive value of a TDS > 6.80 in the detection of lesions thicker than 0.75 mm was 79%. In conclusion, a statistically significant correlation does exist between some dermoscopic features and melanoma thickness. Both the mostly used dermoscopic methods (standard ELM pattern analysis and the ABCD rule of dermatoscopy) may provide useful information in the non-invasive assessment of melanoma thickness. However, their diagnostic performance is far from 100%; further studies are needed to investigate whether the combination of dermoscopy with other non-invasive approaches (e.g. sonometry) may result in an overall improvement in the diagnostic performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Pediatric neurologic emergencies.

Neuroemergencies are life-threatening situations in which, whatever the cause, common pathologic phenomena result in secondary brain lesions. The goal of critical care management is to stop these self-aggravating processes as soon as possible. Initial resuscitation is devoted to control of the airway and hemodynamic and hydroelectrolytic stabilization. With mass lesions, minimal computed tomographic exploration immediately precedes surgical decompression. Further critical care adapted to the child's needs requires multimodal monitoring. Normoventilation, deep sedation, osmotherapy with mannitol or hypertonic saline solutions, and optimization of mean arterial pressure are the basis of management. A purely pressure-driven approach aimed at controlling cerebral perfusion pressure could be potentially harmful, and associated measurement of blood flow velocity with transcranial Doppler and jugular bulb oxygen saturation monitoring allows an approach to cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Outcome can be improved in dangerous situations such as severe brain injuries, cerebral arteriovenous malformation rupture, status epilepticus, and acute hydrocephalus, provided that emergency management could be applied efficiently.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2000

[Marchiafava-Bignani disease of good prognosis. Two cases].

BACKGROUND: Marchiafava-Bignami disease or corpus callosum necrosis, is an uncommon complication of chronic alcoholism. Prognosis is severe. CASE REPORTS: Two young adults with chronic alcoholism who developed Marchiafava-Bignami disease initially improved clinically. DISCUSSION: Diagnosis has been facilitated with MRI. An MRI exploration should be performed in chronic alcoholic patients presenting chronic encephalopathy with dementia, dysarthria, hypertonia, and ataxia, or acute encephalopathy with confusion, dumbness, seizures, and hypertonia. Necrosis of the corpus callosum gives the diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of a lung contusion on the prognosis of severe head injury in the child].

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of a pulmonary contusion (PC) on the outcome of a severe head trauma (SHT) in children less than 15-year-old. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PATIENTS: The study included 30 severely head injured children with a Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) < or = 8, associated with a PC (PC+) diagnosed on a thoracic CT-scan and 30 severely head injured children without PC (PC-). METHODS: Outcome was assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), on discharge and six months later. Age, body weight, gender, GCS, PTS, ISS, hypoxaemia, arterial hypotension, the results of the cerebral CT-scan, the main treatment administered, complications, the duration of tracheal intubation as well as the duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital were compared between groups. RESULTS: GCS median was lower (6 vs 8, P = 0.001) and ISS median higher (25 vs 23, P = 0.0004) in the PC+ group. Hypoxaemia was more frequent in the PC+ group (n = 12 vs n = 0, P = 0.0001). There was no difference between groups regarding the results of cerebral CT scan. Blood transfusion was more frequently used in the PC+ group (n = 14 vs n = 5, P = 0.03). Median duration of tracheal intubation, and of stay in the ICU and in the hospital were shorter in the PC- group (respectively 8 vs 6 days, P = 0.03; 10 vs 7.5 days, P = 0.008; 13.5 vs 10.5 days, P = 0.01). No difference was observed regarding complications between groups. GOS on discharge was higher in the PC+ group (3 vs 2, P = 0.01). There was an increase in GOS at six months in the two groups, however GOS remained significantly higher in the PC+ group (median values 2 vs 1, P = 0.002). A favourable outcome occurred less frequently in the PC+ group on discharge and at six months (respectively n = 14 vs 25, P = 0.006; n = 20 vs 28, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The association of a PC to a severe head trauma is responsible for a poorer outcome in children, probably because, at least in part, a higher incidence of hypoxaemia.

Adolescent↗