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Biomedical subjects

P Candau

Publications and source records attributed to P Candau.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Refractory cancer pain. Subarachnoid or epidural administration of morphine].

Spinal analgesia, a new method for relieving refractory cancer pain, was tested in 19 patients. A catheter was installed in the subarachnoid (17 cases) or peridural (2 cases) space and connected to a subcutaneous site of injection. The success rate at 10 days was 68%. In 11 patients pain was relieved throughout the course of the malignant disease, with doses that did not exceed 6 mg in 7 patients and 10 mg in the remaining 4 patients. The most severe complications were leakage of the cerebrospinal fluid in 1 case, meningitis after 18 months of injection in 1 case and displacement of the catheter in 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Vascular malformations of the digestive tract: a cause of severe digestive hemorrhage. Apropos of 2 cases].

We report on two cases of angiodysplasia of the digestive tract complicated by serious acute bleeding. The preoperative diagnoses were made by angiography. One case concerned a voluminous jejunal lesion which was macroscopically visible; the other concerned a punctiform lesion detected only by angiography and not found on the pathology specimen. The authors insist on the potential gravity of these angiodysplastic lesions, the necessity to perform an emergency celio-mesenteric angiogram when confronted with a serious digestive tract hemorrhage non-explained by conventional methods of exploration when they can be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Early diffuse hypertrophic osteitis recurrence. Unexpected and consternating development after a large évidement cavity. Apropos of 15 cases].

The authors report 15 cases collected over a period of 13 years (1972 - 1984) of a particularly serious eventuality affecting certain evacuation cavities: Early recurrence of diffuse hypertrophic osteitis (E.R.D.H.O.). This is a rare complication, occurring in 1.5% of cases of chronic otitis. However, the fact of having operated upon 7 cases in 1984 alone, whilst during the previous 12 years, only 8 had been seen, raised the alarm. The classical pattern of this complication occurs in 3 stages, each involving surgical operation: at the outset, chronic otitis with cholesteatoma or osteitis, most often mixed, for which an "inadequate" surgical procedure is performed. then, after a variable period which may exceed 10 years, a very large evacuation cavity was created by the authors. finally, 3rd and final stage: within 6 months, this cavity filled progressively and, at operation, the authors discovered a cavity virtually completely filled with a "fantastic" "moist sugar" osteitis, requiring a new evacuation cavity, even larger than that created before. In all cases, a successful result was obtained within a varying period, sometimes accompanied by spectacular improvement in general condition. The most plausible etiopathogenic hypothesis advanced to attempt to explain this phenomenon is that of secondary infection by a varied microbial flora, including, on the one hand, aerobic organisms usually discovered in such cases (pseudomonas pyocyaneus, proteus mirabilis) and, secondly, this being of essential importance, "anaerobic" bacteria, the bacteriological diagnosis of which requires application of a strict protocol. The authors have taken three decisions following their bibliographic investigations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Involvement of the tympanic bone in chronic otitis (44 cases)].

44 cases of tympanic involvement in the context of chronic otitis are described. 34 occurred during active chronic otitis. This is a rare possibility (approximately 4% of our own cases of chronic otitis). The following may be mentioned amongst them: 21 cases of osteitis, for which the following concepts should be borne in mind: the extreme severity of the chronic otitis responsible, in most instances, ears which had undergone multiple surgery (17/21), lesions exclusively of osteitis, but very extensive in 2/3 of cases (14/21). 7 cases of osteolytic disease, occurring severe or atypical cholesteatomatous chronic otitis and quite often involving associated osteolysis affecting the main VII, the promontory, the bulb of the internal jugular vein, or even the carotid canal. 4 cases of diffuse sub-obstructive osteomatous disease of the walls of the E.A.M., "progressive" development of which over several months was noted in 3 cases. Finally, 2 cases of mixed disease: (osteitis--osteomatoma and osteitis--osteolysis). 8 cases occurred following myringoplasty: this is a rare eventuality (approximately 1%), 1 case only of osteolysis due to iatrogenic cholesteatoma, 7 cases of osteitis, either highly localized and not preventing further myringoplasty (4 cases), or very extensive, finally resulting in a vast evacuation cavity. In 2 cases, a malformation is the origin of involvement of the tympanic at the origin of chronic otitis was felt probable, without it being possible to reach any definite conclusion concerning auriculobranchial fistula or Huschke foramen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in bone conduction in the surgery of chronic otitis and its sequelae (evaluation of 800 operations)].

The authors undertook a study of changes in bone conduction (BC) during 800 operations carried out over a 5 years period (1979-1984) for chronic otitis or sequelae of chronic otitis. After elimination of ears with deafness (47) and cases unsuitable for evaluation (39), they finally included 714 records in the study. Only comparison of free and post-operative BC was made and using 4 conversational frequencies, not taking into account a deviation of 5 DB for each of these 4 frequencies. The study involved 317 myringoplasties: In 271 (i.e. 85,5%) there was no change in BC. Amongst them, 37 patients nevertheless showed a transient fall in BC. Of particular importance is the fact that almost 1/3 (11 to be exact) recovered only during the 2nd semester following surgery, a period which was even exceeded in the other 5 cases. 46 (i.e. 14.5%) were classified as "permanent" falls in BC. Amongst these in only 17 (i.e. 5%) were there "only" the three standard aggression factors for the I.O.: aspiration--scraping--manipulation of the tympano-ossicular system, without it being possible to attribute a predominant role to one more than the other. With regard to reaming of the E.A.M., those cases in which this could be considered responsible appeared to be infinitesimal. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference (reduced deviation test--"chi"2 test) between the number of falls in BC seen following myringoplasty with or without reaming. 83 tympanoplasties by Piston-Malleus, study of which led to the same conclusions as for myringoplasties. 118 masto-atticotomies, including 23 with posterior tympanotomy. Despite peri-labyrinthine and peri-ossicular scraping, results were essentially identical. 196 evacuation cavities (227-31 deafness) of which somewhat less than half only (46%) were ears undergoing surgery for the first time. Percentage of unchanged BC was here much more unfavourable, with 49 "permanent" falls in BC, i.e. 25%, of which, it must be said, 5 were minimal falls, and with, in 25 cases, a follow-up of less than 3 months.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMed1983

[Use of a severity index in 8 multidisciplinary resuscitation centers].

A universal severity index for acutely ill patients was applied to 794 acute patients treated in eight medical and surgical French intensive care units located in teaching or community hospitals either in Paris or in provincial towns. Measured on the first day in hospital from objective numerical data, the index proved reliable and correlated well with hospital mortality and the sustained therapeutic efforts of the first 24 hours. It could be used in multicentre studies to compare outcomes and evaluate new treatments.

Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Surgery of the footplate of the stapes excluding otospongiosis: critical study of a series of 60 cases].

Operations on the foot of the stapes, excluding for otosclerosis, were performed in 60 patients: 5 mobilizations and 55 excisions. Surgery was for aplasia in 7 cases, injury in 5 cases, tympanosclerosis with a closed membrane in 17 cases (mobilization was performed in 5 of these patients), elective excision with a healthy cavity in 16 cases, and 15 involuntary excisions including 10 with an open membrane. Stapedectomy is a serious operation when the ear is open, whether it is performed for simple chronic otitis, or cholesteatomatous or tympanosclerotic otitis, risks being independent of age. The use of an appropriate technique can provide substantial functional gain in aplasias and tympanosclerosis with a closed membrane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Value of computed tomography in tumors of the pharyngolarynx].

A study was conducted of 27 case-reports to assess the value of computed tomography for investigation of pharyngolaryngeal cancer spread. Analysis was by comparison of clinical, endoscopic, conventional radiologic, computed tomography, and definitive operative specimen histologic findings. Certain laryngeal structures were studied more particularly: the anterior commissure, the pre-epiglottic spaces, the subglottic region, and the thyroid cartilage. Findings demonstrated that the CT Scan is of no value for the study of the anterior commissure and the pre-epiglottic spaces, but is of major interest for detection of subclinical lesions of the subglottic region and thyroid cartilage.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of tinnitus by mean of electric transcutaneous stimulation (author's transl)].

In about a third of cases transcutaneous stimulation during a few minute by mean of electric square waves substantially improves severe tinnitus. This very simple treatment must be frequently repeated two or three times to be successful. If a notable improvement is not obtained after two or three attempts, failure must be considered as certain. The parameters of these stimulation are described and clinical results are reported. The mechanism of these improvement is uncertain.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The role of primary surgery in the treatment of carcinomas of the tonsillar region (author's transl)].

The aim of this study was to identify the role of surgery in the treatment of carcinomas of the tonsillar bed. A retrospective review involved 158 records of patients treated between 1969 and 1979. It emerged that locoregional failures were more frequent after primary radiotherapy than after primary surgery. Only a limited number of patients could be treated and cured by secondary salvage surgery. The high prevalence of locoregional failures after radiotherapy and new techniques for reconstruction after extended resection have led us progressively to adopt an attitude based upon primary surgery in the treatment of carcinomas of the tonsillar bed.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Ferredoxin-dependent photosynthetic reduction of nitrate and nitrite by particles of Anacystis nidulans.

The dark and light reduction of nitrate and nitrite by cell-free preparations of the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans has been investigated. The three following methods have been successfully applied to the preparation of active particulate fractions from the alga cells: (a) shaking with glass beads, (b) lysozyme treatment and lysis of the resulting protoplasts, and (c) sonication. The two enzymes of the nitrate-reducing system-namely, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase-are firmly bound to the isolated pigment-containing particles, and can be easily solubilized by prolonging the vibration or sonication time. Both enzymes-whether solubilized or bound to the particles-depend on reduced ferredoxin as the immediate electron donor. In its presence, the alga particles catalyze the gradual photoreduction of nitrate to nitrite and ammonia, a process that can thus be considered as one of the most simple and relevant examples of Photosynthesis. Some of the properties of nitrate reductase have been studied. Nitrate reductase as well as nitrite reductase are adaptive enzymes repressed by ammonia.

Cyanobacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of the mechanism of vocal fold vibration during phonation.

The precise mechanism of vocal fold vibrations during phonation is not well known. At present it is impossible to say whether this movement is active or passive. Since the studies of MacLeod & Louis Sylvestre, we know that the vocal muscle is asynchronous and, so, can have a fast oscillatory movement induced by a continuous depolarization of the muscular fibre membranes. Thus, we believe at present that the glottic opening can be merely passive and that the closing can be both passive and active through a myogenic mechanism. The purpose of this work was to try to establish whether this concept is right, by recording simultaneously the aerodynamic forces acting upon the vocal folds and their acceleration during phonation. This acceleration represents the forces applied to the vocal folds as a function of time. By comparing the temporal evolution of the two forces we can assert that glottic opening is a passive movement. This protocol does not allow us to know if closure is due solely to the elastic retractive force, or also to a muscular, active force such as myogenic rhythm. To answer this question we must use another protocol.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aerobiological study of Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae in the Mediterranean area of southwestern Spain.

The study area is characterized by a maritime Mediterranean climate, abundant presence of Chenopodiaceae in the vegetation, and a high incidence of pollinosis caused by the pollen of this family. A Hirst-type sampler was used to determine pollen concentrations in the air of the city of Huelva during 3 consecutive years (1995-1997). The total annual amount of Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae pollen was between 10.59% and 6.28% of the pollen spectrum of the city, depending on the year. The annual pattern of variation in pollen concentration (5-day means) was very similar in the 3 years, and no statistically significant differences were found between years. This pattern is characterized by concentrations not exceeding 20 grains/m3 between April and the beginning of August, with an obvious seasonal variation in the second half of August and September, when the 5-day mean concentrations exceeded 40 grains/m3 and the daily maxima exceeded 100 grains/m3. This coincided with the flowering of most of the species in the group. The meteorological parameters with a statistically significant effect on daily pollen concentration during the pollen season (August 15 to September 20) included mean temperature and south wind (positive correlations) and relative humidity of the air (negative correlation). The highest intradiurnal concentrations were found between 10:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the aeromycoflora of Cádiz: relationship to anthropogenic activity.

We describe a quantitative and qualitative study of the fungal spores found in the air of Cádiz during 1989 using a Cour-type trap. The results of this study can be extrapolated to other coastal cities of southern Europe with a Mediterranean climate. The spores identified have been classified into 25 taxonomic categories. The most abundant were Cladosporium, Chaetomium and Ustilago, and the most frequent, in addition to those mentioned, were Alternaria, Ascophyta and Venturia. The great abundance of Cladosporium is in accordance with the coastal situation of the city. Cladosporium, Alternaria, Curvularia and Stemphylium reached maximum concentrations jointly in October, 1989. They showed mutual cross-reactions. Ustilago and Nigrospora appeared during the period of cereal harvesting and storage.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pollen calendar of Seville and its relation to allergies.

We have carried out a study on the annual and weekly variation of airborne pollen in the air of Seville (Andalusia, Southern Spain) during 3 consecutive years using two Cour's collectors. We provide the pollen calendar of this city, which shows the annual distribution of the most important pollen types. Our results led us to check the validity of the pollen extracts usually used at the hospitals of the city to diagnose pollinosis.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Latitudinal study of allergenic pollen in two Spanish cities.

A comparative study was performed on the pollen spectra in 1990 in two Spanish cities with different vegetation and climate, one situated on the south coast (Huelva) and the other in the north and inland (Palencia). The flowering of Alnus and Fraxinus occurred earlier in the north, while that of grasses (Plantago, Poaceae and Urticaceae) occurred earlier and lasted longer in the south, with milder temperature conditions resulting in no fall in pollen content between winter and spring. The absence of olive pollen in Palencia reaffirms that the pollen spectrum of a locality is a consequence of the surrounding vegetation. The geographical situation of Palencia, in the interior of Spain, results in higher percentages of Poaceae and Quercus. The enormous pollution of Huelva favors the greater development of the Urticaceae family and the greater presence of its pollen in the air.

Allergens↗