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Biomedical subjects

P Camus

Publications and source records attributed to P Camus.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

X chromosome inactivation in 30 girls with Rett syndrome: analysis using the probe.

Rett syndrome (RS) is a neurologic disorder with an exclusive incidence in females. A nonrandom X-inactivation could provide insight into the understanding of this disease. We performed molecular analysis based on the differential methylation of the active and inactive X with probe M27 beta, taking into account the parental origin of the two Xs, in 30 control girls, 8 sisters, and 30 RS girls. In 27 control an 31 RS mothers, the inactivation status of the X transmitted to their daughters was also analyzed. The results showed a significantly increased frequency of partial paternal X inactivation (> 65%) in lymphocytes from 16/30 RS compared with 4/30 controls (P = 0.001). These results do not support the hypothesis of a monogenic X-linked mutation but should be taken into account when researching the etiology of this disease.

DNA↗
PubMed1996

[Systemic scleroderma and cancers: 21 cases and review of the literature].

Twenty one cases of the association systemic scleroderma and cancer are reported. Neoplasic localisations were the following: pulmonary five cases; breast two cases; esophageal cancer one case; stomach one case; colon one case; uterus four cases; ovarian cancer one case; prostatic cancer one case; renal cancer one case; malignant hemopathies six cases. In the literature, more than three hundred cases of such an association have been reported since 1886, essentially lung cancers (more than 100). Recent epidemiological studies allow to conclude to a higher frequency of lung and breast cancers. We suggest that systemic scleroderma patients should be examined attentively and carefully for these risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pleuropulmonary changes induced by ergoline drugs.

Classic ergolines, such as bromocriptine, methysergide and ergotamine, can induce chronic pleuropneumonitis. We present the cases of eight patients who developed similar changes whilst on other ergolines. In this retrospective case study spanning 1985-1995, clinical data, radiological material, pulmonary function, bronchoalveolar lavage and histopathology were reviewed. Earlier literature on ergoline-induced pleuropulmonary changes was reviewed. Eight middle-aged to elderly individuals of both sexes developed pleuropulmonary changes during long-term therapy with regular dosages of nicergoline (n = 4), dihydroergocristine (n = 3), or dihydroergotamine (n = 1). Bibasilar pleural thickening with or without pleural effusion was present on chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans in six cases. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate was seen in most. Pure interstitial pneumonitis developed in two patients on dihydroergocristine and was reversible in each. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in four cases and was abnormal in all, but demonstrated no consistent pattern. Most patients exhibited lung restriction. The outcome was favourable showing slow improvement in all cases following discontinuation of the ergoline. Slight residual pleural thickening was seen in five out of the six cases with pleural involvement. Nicergoline and dihydroergotamine can induce a syndrome of chronic pleural thickening/effusion that slowly improves after drug withdrawal. Dihydroergocristine can induce reversible interstitial pneumonitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Fatal ball-valve airway obstruction by an extensive blood clot during mechanical ventilation.

A ball-valve airway obstruction by a blood clot cast of almost the whole bronchial tree occurred in a small-cell lung cancer patient, who had been on mechanical ventilation for 9 days. Chest radiographs revealed overinflated lungs. Attempts to remove the cast via fibreoptic bronchoscopy were unsuccessful and the patient died. A postmortem extraction of the clot was performed with a rigid tube. This case is rare because of absence of severe haemoptysis and lung volume reduction.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A 1-year comparison of turbuhaler vs pressurized metered-dose inhaler in asthmatic patients.

An open, randomized, parallel-group study was conducted to investigate whether asthmatic patients, considered adequately treated with a corticosteroid and/or short-acting beta 2-agonist via pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), could be transferred to a corresponding nominal dose of budesonide and/or terbutaline via Turbuhaler, an inspiratory flow-driven multidose dry powder inhaler (Astra Draco; Lund, Sweden), without a decrease in the effect of treatment. One thousand four patients (555 women; mean age, 44 years; mean peak expiratory flow [PEF], 102% predicted normal value) were randomized and treated with either pMDI (current therapy) or Turbuhaler for 52 weeks. The variables studied were asthma-related events, morning PEF, and inhaler-induced clinical symptoms. Asthma-related events were defined in two ways: (1) sum of health-care contacts plus doublings or additions of steroids, and (2) number of 2 consecutive days with PEF less than 80% of baseline. Baseline was obtained from a 2-week run-in period while receiving previous therapy. No statistically significant difference was found in asthma-related events according to definition 1. According to definition 2, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in favor of Turbuhaler (p = 0.008). The mean number of events was 1.7 with Turbuhaler and 2.2 with pMDI. The mean number of weeks per patient with a PEF less than 90% of baseline was 4.5 with Turbuhaler compared with 6.0 with pMDI (p = 0.002). The sum of inhaler-induced symptoms after 1 year of use was statistically significantly lower with Turbuhaler (0.40) than with pMDI (0.75) (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, budesonide and terbutaline in Turbuhaler offered a superior alternative to corticosteroids and bronchodilators delivered by pMDIs in the maintenance treatment of asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

Minocycline pneumonitis and eosinophilia. A report on eight patients.

We identified eight patients (six women and two men) who had pulmonary infiltrates during treatment with minocycline hydrochloride between 1989 and 1992 in French referral centers for drug-induced pulmonary diseases. Clinical files, chest roentgenograms, computed tomographic scans, pulmonary function, and bronchoalveolar lavage data were reviewed. Minocycline treatment was given for acne (n = 4), genital infection (n = 3), and Lyme disease (n = 1). The duration of treatment averaged 13 +/- 5 days (mean +/- SE); the total dose, 2060 +/- 540 mg. Patients presented with dyspnea (n = 8), fever (n = 7), dry cough (n = 5), hemoptysis (n = 1), chest pain (n = 2), fatigue (n = 3), and rash (n = 3). Chest roentgenograms showed bilateral infiltrates in all cases. Pulmonary function was measured in five patients; four had airflow obstruction and two had mild restriction. Blood gas tests demonstrated hypoxemia in seven patients (58 +/- 3 mmHg). Seven patients had blood eosinophilia (1.76 +/- 0.2 x 10(9)/L). Bronchoalveolar lavage (performed in seven patients) showed an increased proportion of eosinophils (0.30 +/- 0.07). The Cd4+/CD8+ ratio was determined in four cases and was low in three. Transbronchial lung biopsy, performed in two patients, showed interstitial pneumonitis in both patients, with marked infiltration by eosinophils in one patient. The outcome was favorable in all patients. Because of severe symptoms, steroid therapy was required in three patients. Rechallenge was not attempted. We conclude that minocycline can induce the syndrome of pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia, that presenting symptoms may be severe and may culminate in transient respiratory failure, and that the disease has a favorable prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Comparison of relative survival vs. classical survival. Apropos of primary bronchial cancer].

The aim of the study is to compare the usefulness of a recent relative survival model versus more classical methods for univariate and multivariate survival analysis, applied to a population of patients with surgically cured non small cell lung cancer, in determination of prognostic factors and appreciation of the exact role of age on survival. We studied 156 patients surgically treated between 1975 and 1988. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, using the actuarial method and the Cox model for crude survival and the additive Hakulinen model (1985) for relative survival (total risk of death equal to natural risk of death in general population plus disease specific risk of death) which is an age-adjusted survival corrected for normal life expectancy. In addition, the loss in life expectancy was also calculated. Our 156 patients (including six females), whose age ranged from 30 to 78 (mean age 59) were almost all current or former smokers (97%) and 63% had clinical trouble. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histology (76%) before adenocarcinomas (20%). Pneumonectomy and lobectomy were equally performed. Post surgical TNM staging was stage I = 78 (50.3%), II = 23 (14.8%), IIIa = 44 (28.4%), IIIb = 10 (6.5%). By 31 December 1990, 116 patients had died, 24 were alive and 16 lost to follow-up. In univariate analysis, overall survival is (crude/relative): 1 year (75.8%/77.5%), 2 years (53.8%/56.0%), 5 years (28.7%/32.5%), 10 years (14.4%/18.9%). Univariate prognostic factors are histopathology, surgical procedure and post operative TNM staging. The overall loss in life expectancy is 71.4% (5.5 years of life expectancy vs 19.21). The loss is higher for the younger patients than for the older ones (73% for the 30-49 year old group--59.2% for the more than 70 year old group). In multivariate analysis, prognostic factors are: Cox model: post-surgical TNM staging, histopathology and age (RR = 2.18 [1.13-4.23] for patients over 65); Hakulinen model: TNM staging. In this model, age is no longer a significant prognostic factor. In conclusion, this study confirmed the poor prognosis of NSCLC, even if a curative surgical procedure has been possible, with a 5-year survival of 48% for stage I tumours but only 6% for stage III tumours. The most significant prognostic factor is the post-surgical TNM staging. The relative survival model of Hakulinen dismissed age as a significant prognostic factor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1994

Piroxicam induced pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia.

We describe 2 patients who developed pulmonary infiltrates while being treated with piroxicam. There was no satisfactory explanation other than drug induced lung disease for their illness. They had no exposure to pneumotoxic drugs or aerocontaminants. Microorganisms were not cultured in sputum or bronchoaveolar lavage. There was no underlying illness with possible lung involvement. Pulmonary infiltrates developed during piroxicam therapy, disappeared after drug withdrawal and recurred following rechallenge.

Aged↗