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Biomedical subjects

P C Sen

Publications and source records attributed to P C Sen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Enteropathogenic bacteria in river Ganges in Varanasi.

A bacteriological study of the river Ganges in Varanasi was carried out from December 1985 to November 1987. In all 407 water samples were collected, 335 from bathing ghats and 72 from sewage openings and were examined for the presence of enteropathogenic bacteria. Vibrio cholerae 0-1 (1.72%), Non 0-1 Vibrio cholera (3.69%), Vibrio fluvialis (0.74%), Aeromonas sp. (0.49%), Plesiomonas sp. (0.25%), Salmonella sp. (0.98%) and Shigella sp. (1.23%) were isolated from both ghats and sewage openings along with Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., E. coli., etc. This indicates that water of the river Ganges is potentially hazardous to the health of the bathers and is not suitable for drinking. The discharge of raw sewage into the river and its diversion beyond the city, downstream, by installation of pumps have failed to improve the quality of water.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1993

In vitro effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on concanavalin-A agglutinability and multiplication of Entamoeba histolytica.

Six isolates of E. histolytica isolated and maintained by serial passage in modified Boeck and Drbohlav's medium were used in this study. When five of the isolates were grown in the above medium with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) added to the overlay, the agglutinability of the amoebae by concanavalin- A (con-A) was significantly increased compared to corresponding control cultures. Four isolates of E. histolytica grown with 5-HT had 1.5 to 2 times higher counts than the control cultures. Similarly the con-A agglutinability and counts of cultures of NIH-200 (an axenic strain of E.histolytica) were enhanced when grown in association with 5-HT.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1992

The in vivo inhibition of transport enzyme activities by chloroquine in different organs of rat is reversible.

The antimalarial drug chloroquine is found to inhibit Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, pNPPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in different organs of rat in vivo when injected for a certain periods of time. The inhibition seems to be due to the changes in the level of phospholipid, cholesterol and the fatty acid of the lipid and the alteration of the fluidity of the microsomal membranes. However, the enzyme activities return to the normal level in about 2-3 weeks after the discontinuation of the drug suggesting that the drug effect is reversible.

4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Phosphorylation of tau protein by purified p34cdc28 and a related protein kinase from neurofilaments.

It has been suggested that hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles may be relevant to the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and that at least one of the hyperphosphorylated sites lies within a consensus sequence for the p34cdc2/cdc28 family of kinases. We describe a new method for large-scale purification of p34cdc28 kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and show that the purified enzyme can phosphorylate bovine and human tau. Phosphorylation was greatly enhanced by the addition of basic and acidic substrate modulators. The effect of the substrate modulators differed both with the structures of the substrates and the modulators. Similar results were obtained with a kinase that could be purified from neurofilaments by p13suc1 affinity chromatography, a hallmark of p34cdc2/cdc28-type kinases. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a kinase of this type is involved in tau phosphorylation in vivo and open the possibility that hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease may be controlled by substrate modulators.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A correlative study of serum zinc and in vivo cell mediated immune status in rheumatic heart disease.

This study was conducted to determine the zinc status and assess relationship between serum zinc and in vivo cell mediated immunity (CMI) in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The study comprised 22 patients with active rheumatic heart disease (ARHD), 15 patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease without activity (CRHD) (selection based on Jone's Criteria--Revised), and 15 age and sex matched healthy control. Zinc estimation was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. To assess CMI in vivo, phytohaemagglutinin skin test and skin window test were done. Serum zinc and in vivo CMI in patients with ARHD and CRHD compared with controls. Mean serum zinc was significantly decreased in patients with ARHD and CRHD, more pronounced in the former (P less than 0.001); and mean 24 h urinary zinc was significantly increased in patients with ARHD (P less than 0.001) as compared to controls. A significant depression in CMI in vivo was observed in patients with ARHD and CRHD (P less than 0.001). A significant positive correlation was seen among serum zinc and markers of in vivo CMI (P less than 0.001). In conclusion, depletion of zinc, observed in RHD, probably causes immune alterations and suggest role of zinc in immunopathogenesis of RHD. Zinc supplementation may alter the course of rheumatic fever and RHD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Biochemical characterization of a calcium ion stimulated-ATPase from goat spermatozoa.

The goat spermatozoa membranes isolated after treatment with octa (ethylene glycol) mono n-dodecyl ether (C12E8) followed by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation have been found to contain an ATPase that is stimulated by externally added Ca2+ only. The membrane fraction has also found to contain Mg(2+)-dependent Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, however the former activity is about 2 fold higher than the latter. The molecular weight of the enzyme is found to be about 97,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The optimum concentration of Ca2+ required for maximum activity is 3 mM for both Mg(2+)-dependent and Mg(2+)-independent Ca(2+)-ATPase. Histidine and imidazole buffers are found to be the most suitable for dependent and independent enzyme activities respectively. ATP with an optimum concentration of 4 mM is observed to be the best substrate than any other nucleotides. The inhibitors like trifluoperazine and vanadate and group specific probes e.g. DTNB and TNBS inhibit these two enzymes but at different rates. Ca(2+)-uptake study shows that the uptake in the presence of Ca2+ and ATP is higher than in the presence of Mg2+, Ca2+ and ATP. The findings lead us to believe that the Mg(2+)-independent Ca(2+)-ATPase has some role in Ca2+ transport like Mg(2+)-dependent enzyme.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1991

The in vivo inhibition of transport enzyme activities in different organs of rat by chlorpromazine is reversible.

Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic drug is found to inhibit Na+K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the microsomal membranes of rat in vivo, when the drug is injected for certain periods of time. The inhibition seems to be due to the changes in fatty acid composition of lipid and microviscosity of the membranes. However, once the drug has been withdrawn, the enzyme activities are found to return to the normal level in three to five weeks, suggesting that the drug effect is reversible.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1991

Circulating immune complexes and complement in bancroftian filariasis.

Sixty filarial cases, 30 endemic normal individuals and 10 non endemic subjects were investigated for the presence of Circulating Immune Complexes (CICs) and Complement Component C3. Using Polyethylene Glycol precipitation and Polyethylene Glycol precipitation-Complement Consumption methods, it was observed that CICs were raised significantly in chronic lymphatic filariasis and Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE) groups. The results observed by both the techniques for detection of CICs were comparable. Low levels of C3 were detected in chronic lymphatic filariasis cases by single radial immunodiffusion method, suggesting the utilization of complement by immune complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of chlorpromazine and gossypol on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in the microsomal membranes of rat testes.

The microsomal membranes isolated from rat testes have been found to contain a Mg(2+)-dependent and a Mg(2+)-independent Ca(2+)-ATPase. The enzyme activities were inhibited by two contraceptive drugs--gossypol and chlorpromazine. The inhibition by the former was affected by the presence of ligand(s) and not the substrate in the incubation medium, whereas ligand(s)/substrate did not affect the inhibition by chlorpromazine. This may be explained from the fact that the binding of chlorpromazine and ligand(s)/substrate to the enzyme are independent of each other whereas in case of gossypol the ligand(s) compete with the drug at the binding site of the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cellular immunity status in anaemia in pregnancy.

Fifty pregnant women (25 anaemic and 25 non-anaemic) and 20 non pregnant women (10 anaemic and 10 non-anaemic) were studied. All pregnant women delivered full term (37-41 wk) singleton babies. Maternal blood lymphocyte stimulation indices (SI) at 0 and 24 h were lower in anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women, compared to anaemic and non-anaemic non-pregnant women. This difference was more marked in anaemic pregnant women, as compared to non pregnant anaemic women at 0 and 24 h respectively. The SI of maternal and cord blood lymphocytes were significantly lower in severely anaemic mothers both at 0 and 24 h and in those with maternal serum iron levels below 50 micrograms/dl or maternal per cent transferrin saturation was below 15 per cent. The anaemic mothers and their offspring were found to have significantly lower blastogenic response to PHA added at 24 h indicating depression of T-suppressor cell function.

Anemia↗
PubMed1990

The chlorpromazine inhibition of transport ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the microsomal membranes of rat in vitro and in vivo.

Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic drug, is found to inhibit Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in rat brain microsomal membranes in vitro in concentration and time dependent manner but some inconsistency is observed when the effect was studied with respect to different temperatures. Various ligands and/or substrate affect the inhibition by chlorpromazine in different ways. The in vivo study with this drug shows that the activities of Na+,K(+)-ATPase, Ca2(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in the microsomal membranes of different organs are inhibit with increases in concentration or lengths of time of treatment and then levels off.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of virulence of Entamoeba histolytica by histamine in vitro.

Three isolates of E. histolytica isolated and maintained in modified Boeck and Drbohlav's medium and the axenic nonpathogenic strain NIH-200 maintained in Diamond's TPS-1 medium were used to assess the effect of histamine added to the cultures on their pathogenicity in just weaned rats of Charles Foster strain. Initially when the three polyxenic isolates were examined for their Pathogenicity after growing them with graded concentrations of histamine viz. M-2 through M-6 (log dilutions of the molar concentration of histamine dihydrochloride) the caecal scores were significantly enhanced in cultures grown with M-2 and M-3 concentrations. Subsequently NIH-200 strain was examined similarly after growing it with 20 micrograms/ml of histamine dihydrochloride through three generations. The Neal's caecal score of NIH-200 increased significantly stepwise up to second subculture and became stabilised at third generation with histamine.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1990

Antitoxoplasma antibody in clinically suspected cases of human toxoplasmosis.

(1) Seventy sera from a variety of patients suffering from different diseases suspected to be caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection and forty from non-toxoplasmic hospital cases and laboratory and hospital staff were collected. (2) Antitoxoplasma antibody was detected in those sera by Indirect Haemagglutination test (IHA test) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). (3) Twenty one (30%) sera out of 70 test samples and 2 (5%) out of 40 control samples were positive by ELISA test. With IHA test only 17 (24.3%) of test samples and same 2 (5%) of control samples were positive. (4) Sera collected from Paediatric Department showed the highest positivity (40%) followed by Opthalmological group (35.7%) and obstetrics and Gynaecological group (13.6%). (5) No significant co-relation was found between the seropositivity with sex, diet and history of cat contact of the patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Demonstration of histamine receptors on the surface of Entamoeba histolytica.

Histamine receptors on the surface of E. histolytica could be demonstrated by histochemical method using three isolates of the protozoa grown and maintained in modified Boeck and Drbohlav's medium. Prior treatment of E. histolytica with cimetidine a H2 blocker, blocked the histamine uptake. Similar treatment with mepyramine maleate, a H1 blocker, did not prevent histamine uptake by the protozoa. It is postulated that E. histolytica has H2 receptors on its surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changes in lipid composition and some biologically important enzyme activities in the microsomal membranes of developing toad ovary in different seasons.

The microsomal membranes isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation from developing toad ovary have been found to differ significantly in lipid composition and various enzyme activities in different seasons. All the enzymes studied, viz. Na+, K(+)-ATPase, delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta HSD) and prostaglandin synthetase, exhibited maximum activity during the breeding season (July-September) at all stages of development (a,b,c & d). The activities of Na+, K(+)-ATPase and delta 5-3 beta HSD increased with development while that of prostaglandin synthetase followed the reverse order. The total phospholipid, cholesterol and fatty acid contents also varied with season and development. The increase in Na+, K(+)-ATPase and delta 5-3 beta HSD activities in the microsomal membranes of toad ovary at breeding season is accompanied with concomitant increase in phospholipid and unsaturated fatty acid contents at different stages in this season, thereby suggesting some correlation between them.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗