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P C Doerschuk

Publications and source records attributed to P C Doerschuk.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Parametric phase-delay estimation of sound transmitted through intact human lung.

Sonic noise between 300 and 1600 Hz is introduced into the mouths of 11 healthy adult male subjects at resting lung volume and is detected over the anterior extrathoracic trachea and at three sites on the right posterior chest wall. To overcome the difficulties associated with non-parametric phase unwrapping due to thoracic anti-resonances, the phase delay tau(f) of propagation between the trachea and the chest wall is estimated using a linear parametric ARX-type statistical model with the non-parametric magnitude spectra as a guide. The resulting tau(f) estimates are unambiguous and reliable, and show a clear trend of decreasing tau(f) with increasing frequency, indicating that sound at higher frequencies reaches the chest wall faster than that at lower frequencies. This finding indicates that respiratory sound transmission is highly dispersive, most probably owing to frequency-dependent airway and parenchymal wavespeeds.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1995

Sonic phase delay from trachea to chest wall: spatial and inhaled gas dependency.

A parametric phase delay estimation technique is used to determine the spatial and inhaled gas composition dependencies of sound propagation time through an intact human lung at frequencies of 150-1200 Hz. Noise transmission measurements from the mouth to the extrathoracic trachea and six sites on the posterior chest wall are performed in 11 healthy adult subjects at resting lung volume after equilibration with air, an 80% helium-20% oxygen mixture, and an 80% sulfurhexafluoride-20% oxygen mixture. The phase delay, tau(f), exhibits a bilateral asymmetry with relatively decreased delays to the left posterior chest as compared with the right. The phase delay to lower lung sites is greater than to upper sites at frequencies below 300 Hz; yet the opposite is found at higher frequencies, indicating changing propagation pathways with frequency. There is no measurable effect of inhaled gas composition on tau(f) below 300 Hz. At higher frequencies, changes in tau(f) that reflect the relative sound speed of the particular inhaled gas are observed. These findings support and extend previous measurements and hypotheses concerning the strong frequency dependence of the acoustical properties of the intact respiratory system.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1995

Determination of three-dimensional low-resolution viral structure from solution x-ray scattering data.

The capsid is modeled as a region of constant electron density located between inner and outer envelopes that exhibit icosahedral symmetry. For computational purposes the envelopes are represented as truncated sums of weighted icosahedral harmonics. Methods are described for estimating the weights from x-ray solution scattering patterns based on nonlinear least squares, and two examples of the procedure, for viruses with known atomic-resolution structures, are given.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Modeling of cardiac rhythms. A signal-processing perspective.

The authors describe their perspective on the modeling of cardiac rhythms as a component of cardiac arrhythmia signal-processing algorithms. They emphasize that these models are for a specific end purpose and that the aspects of cardiac behavior that are captured by the models are only those relevant for the development of the signal-processing algorithms. The approach is to use statistics to describe ranges of cardiac behavior that share some common feature with respect to the purpose of the signal processing. The statistical approach has the advantage that, coupled with a statistical performance criterion, it specifies an optimal signal-processing algorithm. These optimal algorithms are often computationally intractable, however, especially for real-time use in instruments. Approximations are therefore crucial. The mathematical form of the model is then important since, even if two forms generate identical statistics, the approximations that are natural in different forms can be quite different. Two different mathematical formulations are described--stochastic Petri nets and interacting Markov chains--and the different types of approximately optimal signal-processing algorithms that are natural in these two frameworks are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An ab initio algorithm for low-resolution 3-D reconstructions from cryoelectron microscopy images.

A statistical method for determining low-resolution 3-D reconstructions of virus particles from cryoelectron microscope images by an ab initio algorithm is described. The method begins with a novel linear reconstruction method that generates a spherically symmetric reconstruction, which is followed by a nonlinear reconstruction method implementing an expectation-maximization procedure using the spherically symmetric reconstruction as an initial condition and resulting in a reconstruction with icosahedral symmetry. An important characteristic of the complete method is that very little need be known about the particle before the reconstruction is computed, in particular, only the type of symmetry and inner and outer radii. The method is demonstrated on synthetic cowpea mosaic virus data, and its robustness to 5% errors in the contrast transfer function, 5% errors in the location of the center of the particles in the images, and 5% distortion in the 3-D structure from which the images are derived is demonstrated numerically.

Algorithms↗