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Biomedical subjects

P C Dandiya

Publications and source records attributed to P C Dandiya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Glutathione as a cerebral substrate in depressive behavior.

Behavioral depression through inescapable foot shock stress in Swiss albino mice was measured on the basis of their performance in an open field test (OFT) and a forced swimming test (FST). Glutathione (GSH) and various antidepressants (imipramine, maprotiline, fluvoxamine, trazodone, and alprazolam) were able to, either fully or partly, prevent and/or reverse the shock-induced behavioral depression. The GSH level was measured in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brain stem, and the hypothalamus in shocked mice to ascertain a possible correlation between brain GSH and stress-induced depression, under conditions of preshock and postshock antidepressant treatments as well as in the absence of the drugs. There was an appreciable depletion of cortical GSH in shocked mice that was corrected to varying degrees by the different antidepressants. The results suggest a close link between stress-induced behavioral depression, increased monoaminergic utilization, oxidative stress, and brain GSH.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary psychopharmacological evaluation of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract.

An ethanol extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum was screened for its effects on the central nervous system. It prolonged the time of lost reflex in mice due to pentobarbital, decreased the recovery time and severity of electroshock- and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions, and decreased apomorphine-induced fighting time and ambulation in "open field" studies. Using a behavioural despair model involving forced swimming in rats and mice, the extract lowered immobility in a manner comparable to imipramine. This action was blocked by haloperidol and sulpiride, indicating a possible action involving dopaminergic neurones. In similar studies, there was a synergistic action when the extract was combined with bromocriptine, a potent D2-receptor agonist.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1990

Central nervous system studies on an ethanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes.

An ethanol extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes was screened for CNS effects using a battery of 20 tests in rats and mice. The extract exhibited a large number of actions similar to alpha-asarone (an active principle of A. calamus) but differed from the latter in several other respects including the responses to electroshock, apomorphine- and isolation-induced aggressive behaviour, amphetamine toxicity in aggregated mice, behavioural despair syndrome in forced swimming, etc. These differences could be due to chemical substances yet to be isolated from the plant extract.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

Neurochemical effects of danitracen (WA-355): mechanism of action.

Danitracen lowered serotonin levels in the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla and the whole brain. The drug did not appear to affect the concentration of 5-HIAA except in the cerebellum where there was a considerable depletion. Danitracen pretreatment led to a lowering in the 5-HIAA levels in the whole brain and decreased NE levels in apomorphine and amphetamine treated rats. The findings indicate that the mechanism of action of danitracen also involves noradrenergic neurons along with a possible increase in the metabolism.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1980

Effect of citalopram (Lu 10-171) on tranylcypromine and tryptophan-induced wet-dog shakes in rats.

It has been found that citalopram (Lu 10-171) has profound effects on serotonin (5-HT) metabolism by increasing the 5-HT levels in the cerebellum, medulla, and the whole brain with a corresponding decrease of the 5-HIAA levels in all parts of the brain except the brain stem. On the other hand, the drug does not appear to have any influence on the wet-dog shakes response induced by the combination of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and L-tryptophan. It is suggested that by increasing the neuronal levels of 5-HT, citalopram decreases the turnover of 5-HT and firing rate of serotonin neurons. It has also been observed that citalopram could be an agonist of a certain type of 5-HT receptor which does not respond to the behavioral screening model proposed by Bedard and Pycock (1977).

Animals↗
PubMed1975

An evaluation of apomorphine action on doapminergic receptors.

The controversial literature reports leave open a question whether apomorphine (APO) and dopamine (DA) share a common receptor? After careful evlauation of the arguments, both for and against, about direct action of APO on DA receptor we propose that rigid molecules like APO hold trans-cisoid conformation and preferably interact with the pre-synaptic DA receptors while ADTN (2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrxonaphthalene) incorporates trans-transcoid conformation and primarily acts on post-synpatic DA receptors. Dopamine, by virtue of its molecular flexibility, can act on both the receptors.

Apomorphine↗
PubMed1975

Influence of chemical stimulation of central dopaminergic system on the open field behaviour of rats.

Influence of some substances known to selectively modify the brain levels of dopamine, was studied on the Open Field behaviour in rats. Of the agents studied, I-dopa, benztropine and amantadine showed some similarity with amphetamine in exhibiting a high degree of complex stereotyped behaviour in rats. The complex stereotyped behaviour due to amphetamine and the similarity shown by these antiparkinsonian agents has been explained on the basis of brain dopamine levels. On the other hand apomorphine depressed the Open Field behaviour and produced a typical stereotyped biting in rats. Since 6-hydroxydopamine significantly prevented this biting behaviour, it has been suggested that the action of apomorphine is dependent on the presence of (i) functional state of catecholamine neurons and (ii) a separate receptor, responsible for the behavioural actions of apomorphine.

Amantadine↗