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Biomedical subjects

P Bye

Publications and source records attributed to P Bye.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cystic fibrosis and pregnancy.

The case records of 11 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who had 13 completed pregnancies between 1975 and 1995 were retrospectively reviewed to assess: (1) the changes in spirometry and body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy; and (2) maternal and neonatal complications and outcomes. Prepregnancy the mean age of the group was 24 (range 17-27) years. Two patients were exsmokers, 7 had pancreatic insufficiency and 7 had chest X-ray evidence of bronchiectasis. None of the patients had diabetes mellitus but 3 developed gestational diabetes. The mean +/- SEM (% predicted) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) prepregnancy were 2.3 +/- 1.0 (83%) litres and 3.0 +/- 0.9 (85%) litres respectively. Five patients had normal spirometry (FEV1 and FVC >80% predicted) prior to 6 pregnancies. The mean body mass index (kg/height(m)2) for the group was 20.5 +/- 2.0. There was a significant decline in spirometry during pregnancy (FEV1 15.5 +/- 6.6% p<0.01; FVC 14.0 +/- 8.3% p<0.5). However, FVC but not FEV1 recovered to prepregnancy values by 12 months postpartum. There was a significant increase in both weight (7.1 kg) and BMI (2.6 kg/height(m)2) at the time of delivery compared with prepregnancy (p=0.0004). However, postpregnancy both weight and BMI had returned to their prepregnancy values (p<0.2). Mothers with an FEV1>80% had less decline in FEV1 related to pregnancy, better outcomes, fewer operative and instrumental deliveries, fewer preterm infants and fewer neonatal complications. Suggestions for the planning and management of pregnancy in women with CF are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[What happens with patients after participation in a clinical trial?].

107 patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia participated for five years in a clinical trial with dietary and drug treatment (a statin) at the Lipid Clinic. At the end of the study the patients were referred back to their own physicians, with written advice on diet and drug therapy. At a recall two years later we studied to what extent recommended therapy and follow-up had been implemented. 15% had no follow-up after participating in the study and 18% had not measured their cholesterol for one year or more. The majority of the patients did not follow the recommended diet and level of physical activity satisfactorily, and 20% had stopped their lipid-lowering medication. In general they had been prescribed too low doses of the lipid-lowering agent, and 70% of the patients had not reached the target of the LDL-cholesterol. In conclusion, adequate treatment and a five-year follow-up is not sufficient to keep the patient compliant when the follow-up becomes less intensive. When a clinical trial is terminated, greater efforts should be made to secure better compliance to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Phase II trial of carboplatin in the management of malignant mesothelioma.

Thirty-one patients with advanced malignant mesothelioma, previously untreated or having received only one prior cytotoxic regimen, were treated in a prospective, single-arm phase II trial with carboplatin (NSC 241240) at a dose of 150 mg/m2 per day intravenously (IV) for 3 days (450 mg/m2/course). One complete remission and four partial remissions were achieved, yielding an overall objective response rate of 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4% to 34%). The median duration of remission was 8 months (range, 5 to 17). Nonhematological toxicity was mild (only 12% with World Health Organization [WHO] grade 3 vomiting); 16% suffered WHO grade 3 to 4 hematological toxicity, but there were no life-threatening episodes and no treatment-related deaths. Carboplatin has modest activity against malignant mesothelioma and, because of its low toxicity, has a role in the management of this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer: induction and reinduction with VOCA.

Sixty-five patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with VP16, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (VOCA) intravenously at three-week intervals. Patients with limited disease received four cycles with responders receiving radiation to the primary site and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Patients with extensive disease received chemotherapy only. Of 59 patients evaluable for chemotherapy response, eight (14%) achieved complete remission and 30 (51%) partial remission. Major side-effects included myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea, and vomiting. Reinduction with VOCA at relapse yielded objective or subjective response in four of seven patients. This regimen is active in small cell lung cancer and was well tolerated by patients. Reinduction of response was possible in a small number of patients retreated and may provide useful palliation for those who relapse when treatment is discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of posture on ventilatory response to steady-state hypoxia and hypercapnia.

The ventilatory response to steady-state normocapnic hypoxia and hypercapnia was measured in eight normal subjects after 15 min inhalation of 10.5% oxygen (with added CO2) or 4.2% CO2 in air through a loose-fitting high-flow Venturi mask. The erect (sitting) and the supine postures were studied. Ventilation was measured with inductance coils around the chest and the abdomen (Respitrace). Oxygen saturation was measured with an ear oximeter and PCO2 was measured transcutaneously on forearm skin using a modified pH electrode (Radiometer). In the erect posture (without stimulation), compared to supine, VE(21%) and VT/TI(32%) were greater but TI(19%) and TE(8%), abdominal contribution to tidal volume (24%) and 'arterial' PCO2 (0.6 mm Hg) were less. The mean ventilatory response to hypoxia at an 'arterial' PCO2 of 41 +/- 4 mm Hg (SD) was 0.61 +/- 0.34 L X min-1 X Sa-1O2 erect and 0.84 +/- 0.58 supine and to hypercapnia 2.89 +/- 1.4 L X min-1 X mm Hg-1 erect and 3.73 +/- 2.35 supine. The postural differences did not reach statistical significance. The pattern of response to both stimuli was similar, with doubling of VT, constant TI and slight shortening of TE. The abdominal contribution to tidal volume decreased by 9% with both forms of stimulation. In the steady state, the response to peripheral and central chemoreceptor stimuli was identical and essentially independent of position.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Immunologic "memory" for microbial antigens in lymphocytes obtained from human bronchial mucosa.

Memory for previous immunologic contact with microbial antigens has been detected in lymphocytes from human bronchi as a secondary immune response, when tested in vitro. Antigens stimulated a predominantly proliferative response in blood lymphocytes that was significantly greater than the response in mucosal lymphocytes with purified protein derivative and Herpes simplex type 1 antigens. Co-culture experiments with autologous blood lymphocytes showed that cell-dependent suppression was one mechanism of the low response of bronchial lymphocytes. In the patient who inhaled a foreign body, a proliferative response to antigens was restricted to bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphocytes, suggesting a recruitment of antigen-reactive cells from a circulating pool.

Antigens, Viral↗