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Biomedical subjects

P Budowski

Publications and source records attributed to P Budowski.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Utilization of choline from crude soybean lecithin by chicks. 2. Absorption measurements.

Absorption of choline was investigated in 30-day-old chicks fed a casein-glucose diet supplemented with either choline chloride or crude soybean lecithin and containing 91YCl3 as a nonabsorbable reference substance. The choline concentration, expressed as choline chloride, was 0.101% in both experimental diets. Net rates of absorption or secretion were computed from the amounts of 91Y and choline assayed in the contents of different segments of the small intestine. Net secretion of total choline into the duodenum was over twice the daily choline intake in both treatments. Most of the choline was absorbed in the upper small intestine. Of the small amounts remaining in the lower jejunum, significantly more choline was absorbed by the choline-fed chicks than by the lecithin-treated birds, but the rates of secretion into the duodenum, the rates of absorption from the upper small intestine and the overall apparent absorbability were not significantly different in the two treatments. Absorption measurements thus indicate that crude soybean lecithin may replace choline chloride as a source of choline.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Site of bile acid absorption in the rat.

Bile acid absorption was measured in the small intestine of the rat using 91Y as a nonabsorbed reference substance. Some 50% of the secreted bile acids were absorbed in the proximal half of the small intestine. In situ incubations of ligated intestinal segments into which tauro(14C-carbonyl)cholic acid was introduced confirmed the considerable uptake of bile acids in the jejunum. The situ experiments indicated that serosal transport is the limiting stage of bile acid absorption in the jejunum but not in the ileum. Increasing bile acid concentrations in the in situ experiments did not affect the percentage disappearance of dose from the jejunum but reduced the percentage mucosal uptake in the ileum. It is concluded that, in the rat, the proximal small intestine is as important in the absorption of bile acids as the distal small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pre-intestinal stability of beta-carotene in ruminants.

The stability of beta-carotene in the rumen contents of cows, calves and sheep was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Incubation tests with rumen liquor consistently showed that carotene was relatively stable, less than 10% losses being found under a wide variety of incubation conditions and with different sources of carotene. There was no relation between the small carotene losses and the extent of fatty acid hydrogenation. Rumen liquor samples taken from a fistulated cow over a 24 h period after the feeding of alfalfa meal had a nearly constant ratio of carotene to unsaponifiable matter. Carotene was injected into the rumen of a ram after surgical ligation of the pylorus. The recovery of carotene from the combined contents of the reticulo-rumen, omassum and abomasum 24 h later amounted to 89% whereas vitamin A palmitate, under the same conditions, yielded a recovery of 70%. It is concluded that little carotene is lost normally during its passage through the pre-intestinal part of the alimentary canal of ruminants.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

Low utilization of carotene by sheep.

The apparent digestibility of beta-carotene was determined in Awassi rams by means of balance trials. In a first series carotene was supplied per os in constant daily amounts ranging from 2.88 to 8.52 mg in the form of pelleted alfalfa meal or as a water-dispersible synthetic preparation. The supplements were given with a basal low-carotene ration composed of barley, soybean meal and straw and supplying 82 mug carotene daily. Fecal recoveries for the carotene supplements ranged from 92 to 98%, whereas the unsupplemented basal diet yielded a recovery of 28%. In a second series single doses of carotene in various carriers were introduced into the abomasum of fistulated rams. With an aqueous carotene dispersion fecal recoveries were close to 90%. When dissolved in triglycerides, carotene yielded less than 50% recovery in the feces, and free fatty acids and monoglycerides gave intermediate values. Additional tests with 3H-labelled carotene revealed that the low fecal recovery of carotene given in oil was not due to improved absorption but to degradation of carotene in the lower intestinal tract. This was confirmed by measurement of blood radioactivity. The results show that carotene from different sources and with intakes bordering on minimum requirements is poorly absorbed by sheep. It is suggested that the peculair physiology of digestion in the ruminant creates unfavorable conditions for the efficient micellar solubilization of nonpolar lipids in the upper small intestine.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1976

Effect of dietary fat on pancreatic lipase activity in chicken.

Pancreatic lipase activity was measured in young chicks receiving experimental diets for 18 to 24 days. The addition of 15% soybean oil to a commercial-type diet, without changing the calorie-protein ratio, produced a slight but significant increase in lipase activity. No differences in lipolytic activity were found when chicks received a semipurified diet with or without the addition of 10% partially hydrogenated soybean oil, nor did fasting and fasting-refeeding affect the activity. Pancreatic lipase activity in chicks appears to depend on factors other than the amount or type of fat consumed.

Animals↗