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Biomedical subjects

P Buckley

Publications and source records attributed to P Buckley.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging of schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with cerebral trauma: clinicopathological correlates.

Three patients with schizophrenia-like psychosis and two with schizoaffective-like psychosis who experienced cerebral trauma before the onset of their illness underwent clinical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Each patient with a schizophrenia-like psychosis, but neither of those with a schizoaffective-like psychosis, showed abnormalities confined to or including the left temporal lobe. These observations complement recent findings in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Risk of schizophrenia in adults born after obstetric complications and their association with early onset of illness: a controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether obstetric complications occur to excess in the early histories of individuals who go on to develop schizophrenia when compared with controls, and to seek clinical correlates of any such excess. DESIGN: Contemporaneous maternity hospital records were identified and extracted verbatim, and these extracts evaluated for obstetric complications by two independent assessors who were blind to subjects' status. SUBJECTS: 65 patients having an ICD-9 diagnosis of schizophrenia, the records of the previous same sex live birth being deemed to be those of a control subject. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of one or more obstetric complications recorded in maternity notes of patients and controls. RESULTS: When two recognised scales for specifying obstetric complications were used the patients with schizophrenia were significantly more likely than controls to have experienced at least one obstetric complication (odds ratio 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 6.03). Patients also showed a greater number and severity of and total score for obstetric complications, fetal distress being the only complication to occur to significant individual excess (present in five (8%) patients, absent in controls). There was a marked sex effect, male patients being more vulnerable (odds ratio 4.24, 1.39 to 12.90) to such complications. Obstetric complications in patients were unrelated to family history or season of birth but were associated with a significantly younger age at onset of illness (mean difference--4.5 years,--1.2 to--7.8 years). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia, particularly males, have an excess of obstetric complications in their early developmental histories, and such complications are associated with a younger age at onset of their disease. Though the data are not conclusive, they also suggest that obstetric complications may be secondary to yet earlier events.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Macrophages (histiocytes) in various reactive and inflammatory conditions express different antigenic phenotypes.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether human tissue macrophages (M phi s) in various inflammatory/reactive conditions express different immunophenotypes. Using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies to monocyte/M phi-related antigens and a frozen-section immunoperoxidase technique, the following conditions were studied: granulomatous inflammation of unknown etiology, sarcoidosis, cat-scratch fever, toxoplasmosis, Gaucher's disease, and juvenile xanthogranulomas. The results show that there is immunophenotypic variation of the M phi s among the various inflammatory/reactive conditions. For example, the M phi s in cat-scratch fever are nearly unique in the expression of the "early inflammation" antigen identified by antibody 27E10, and the M phi s in juvenile xanthogranulomas, unlike those in most of the other conditions, lacked the antigen detected by antibody 25F9. The M phi s in Gaucher's disease differed from those in the other disorders by the combined absence of CD11b, CD14, G16/1, CD1a, CD25, and CD30. The inflammatory/reactive M phi s also exhibited differences from those in "normal" tissues, namely, a tendency toward acquisition of the antigens identified by antibodies Mac 387 and G16/1 and the more uniform expression of the "activation" antigens CD25, CD30, and CD71. The antigenic variations described here probably reflect differences in antigenic stimuli and M phi function. In addition to the possible biologic implications, this M phi immunophenotypic diversity may have practical diagnostic applications.

Antigens↗
PubMed1992

Correlations of unique clinical, immunotypic, and histologic findings in cutaneous gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a malignancy of T cells that express a clone-specific heterodimer T-cell receptor for antigen. The second recognized case of an epidermotropic malignancy of T-cells expressing gamma/delta T-cell receptor-expressing cells is reported. The immunophenotype of the malignant T-cells was CD3+, CD2+, CD7+, gamma/delta T-cell receptor+, CD4-, CD8-, and alpha/beta T-cell receptor-. The clinical features were remarkable for extreme epidermotropism with a scant dermal lymphomatous infiltrate. Profound keratinocyte necrosis occurred in areas of malignant skin infiltrates. Despite cutaneous lesions covering more than 50% of the skin surface of the patient, no adenopathy or splenomegaly was detected. The intense epidermotropism of this patient's gamma/delta T-cell receptor-expressing cells and the putative cytolytic properties of CD4- CD8- gamma/delta contributed to the destruction of epidermis. Remission was induced with a combination of electron beam and extracorporeal photochemotherapy.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Morphologic, biochemical, and cytogenetic studies of bone marrow and circulating blood cells in painters exposed to ethylene glycol ethers.

In a previous cross-sectional survey, up to 15% of shipyard painters were found to have mild anemia or granulocytopenia, mostly acquired since employment. Environmental studies had suggested a possible etiologic role for ethylene glycol ethers, solvents to which the men were heavily exposed and which have established myelotoxic potential. To exclude alternative hypotheses, examine possible common patterns of injury, and identify potential risk factors and markers for such an effect, the affected painters were further studied. The painters were matched with two groups of controls: exposed painters without evidence of hematologic abnormality on the previous survey and unexposed controls. Altogether 25 subjects were studied by histopathologic examination of bone marrow, cytogenetic studies of marrow cells, and peripheral lymphocytes and peripheral red cell studies of membrane and metabolic function. Except for an unexpected finding of a race-associated effect on marrow histology, insignificant differences were seen among the groups in terms of marrow morphology and cellularity, stem cell growth kinetics, and marrow or peripheral cytogenetics. Two metabolic abnormalities of peripheral red cells related to exposure or clinical status of the subjects were found. Pyruvate kinase, an established marker of acquired myelodysplasia, was significantly depressed in the subjects with previously abnormal counts. Although reduced glutathione levels and holoenzyme activities of glutathione reductase (GSHR) did not differ among groups, exposed subjects had decreased saturation of GSHR with flavin adenine dinucleotide which could be restored in vitro, suggesting riboflavin deficiency or impaired riboflavin metabolism. Thus, although a unique pattern of bone marrow injury by histologic or genetic assay attributable to ethylene glycol ethers was not defined, biochemical effects of possible mechanistic importance were identified. The relevance of these findings as subclinical disease markers remains to be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Human airway macrophages. A technique for their retrieval and a descriptive comparison with alveolar macrophages.

We developed a technique to isolate and lavage a segment of a large human airway in vivo. Airway lavage and BAL were performed without significant complications 18 times on 17 normal volunteers. The mean +/- SEM volume of instillate used on all subjects totaled 31.3 +/- 2.7 ml with 47.1 +/- 3.8% of the fluid recovered. A total of 1.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(6) cells were retrieved. Cell viability averaged 71.3 +/- 4.6%. The majority of the cells were macrophages, 27.9 +/- 2.7%, and neutrophils, 28.4 +/- 6.0%. A descriptive comparison of airway macrophages using transmission electron microscopy with those retrieved from paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples revealed that airway macrophages possessed more vacuoles (p less than 0.0001), fewer long microvilli (p less than 0.0001), and more membrane undulations (p less than 0.0001). In contrast, macrophages from both lavage locations demonstrated similar staining characteristics when stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. During lavage, all subjects experienced mild dyspnea that was relieved when the lavage was completed. One of three subjects tested during the procedure revealed O2 desaturation that was prevented by the inhalation of O2. We conclude that viable macrophages can be retrieved safely from airways of normal subjects and that, compared with macrophages present in BAL, these cells bear both similarities and dissimilarities that may portend differing functional capabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Abnormalities of cerebral structure in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging: interpretation in relation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis.

The nature of abnormalities of cerebral structure evident in schizophrenia on magnetic resonance imaging is considered in relation to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of the disorder. While schizophrenic patients showed increased ventricular volume, the extent of increase with age was comparable with that evident in controls and was unrelated to duration of illness. Conversely, cortical atrophy was evident only in patients, and this increased markedly with age and duration of illness. Such findings could be suggestive of two distinct pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia, but a schema for their reconciliation with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis is elaborated.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Consultation liaison psychiatry within the general hospital: referral pattern and management.

The emergence of consultation psychiatry as an important psychiatric subspecialty is in part due to the siting of psychiatric units in general hospitals, the manifest advances in medical technology and the increasing elderly population needing specialist care. This paper describes an evaluation of all referrals to a liaison psychiatry unit in a 550 bed general hospital over a six month period. 205 requests for psychiatric consultation were received, which represented 2% of all admissions. There was considerable variation between departments with regard to the referral rate. Management most often consisted of advice, with over 50% of patients being subsequently referred for ongoing psychiatric care.

Hospitals, General↗
PubMed1991

Infection of T but not B lymphocytes by cytomegalovirus in lymph node. An immunophenotypic study.

A 45-year-old black man presented with fever, night sweats, weight loss, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of an enlarged node showed partial effacement of the nodal architecture by numerous cells with typical cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusions. These were also seen by electron microscopy. CMV titers were not elevated, and he tested negative for HIV. An immunophenotypic study done on both paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue showed that the infected cells were of T-lymphocyte phenotype. These cells were remarkable for the lack of HLA-DR and IL-2R antigens, which were expressed by numerous neighboring apparently uninfected cells. The lack of HLA-DR and IL-2R expression by CMV-infected T lymphocytes may be one of the mechanism by which CMV causes immunosuppression.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1991

Season of birth in schizophrenia. Evidence for confinement of an excess of winter births to patients without a family history of mental disorder.

Although it is well recognised that schizophrenic patients are more often born in winter, the significance of this finding remains obscure. Data relating to season of birth and family history were analysed for 561 patients with an ICD-9 diagnosis of schizophrenia. Patients with no family history of any psychiatric disorder group were significantly more likely to be born in winter than patients with a first-degree relative affected by schizophrenia. In comparison with normal population controls, only those without a family history exhibited a significant excess of winter births, suggesting an environmental factor of greater aetiological significance in these patients.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗