Biomedical subjects
P Browning
Publications and source records attributed to P Browning.
Characterization of a chemokine receptor-related gene in human herpesvirus 8 and its expression in Kaposi's sarcoma.
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a recently discovered, virus that is highly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and AIDS-associated body cavity lymphomas, although it is also found in some normal individuals. HHV-8 is related by nucleotide sequence homology to herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), which causes T cell lymphomas in some New World monkeys, and to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus linked etiologically with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We report that, like HVS but unlike EBV, HHV-8 contains a gene (ORF74) with significant sequence homology to the high-affinity IL-8 receptor, a member of the alpha (CXC) chemokine receptor family of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. We also show by reverse transcription PCR that the chemokine receptor-related HHV-8 gene is detectable in some RNA samples from KS tissue, and that its expression varies independently from that of ORF26, a minor capsid protein. The presence of a potential chemokine receptor in HHV-8 and its expression in KS tissue suggests that it may be important in the regulation of viral gene expression and may play a role in the etiology of KS and AIDS-related body cavity lymphomas.
Infundibulopelvic stenosis: a sonographic diagnostic dilemma.
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A new method for thermocholecystectomy. Initial experience and comparison with other techniques.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors tested the feasibility of thermocholecystectomy for gallbladder ablation in an animal model. METHODS: Thermal treatment of the cystic duct followed by heating of the saline-filled gallbladder using a separately designed heater/expander was performed in 13 pigs (group I). In four animals, heating of the gallbladder alone was performed (group II). Two animals served as controls (group III). All animals were killed 12 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: There was cystic duct occlusion in 10 (77%) of 13 of group I animals. In 6 (60%) of 10 of these animals with cystic duct occlusion, there was complete ablation of the gallbladder mucosa and complete obliteration of the gallbladder lumen. In group II animals, all cystic ducts were intact with an unchanged gallbladder volume in all four animals (100%), and normal gallbladder mucosa were intact in three (75%) of four animals. The gallbladders and cystic ducts in group III animals were normal. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates many technical difficulties with thermal cholecystectomy. However, under ideal conditions, permanent gallbladder ablation is feasible in our animal model using a specially designed heating system.
Measuring knowledge of citizenship rights and responsibilities.
The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize an instrument designed to assess the extent to which people with mental retardation demonstrate knowledge about citizenship rights and responsibilities. The test development phase included: (a) generating 83 items related to six content areas (i.e., human, civil, and legal rights; and moral, civic, and legal responsibilities), and (b) pilot testing these items with 236 members of self-advocacy groups for people with developmental disabilities. The resulting 30-item instrument was standardized with a sample of 391 self-advocates from 13 states. The psychometric properties of the standardized instrument included: a mean performance level of 77% correct; a mean item-total correlation of r-ij = .33; and an internal consistency reliability coefficient of r alpha = .82. The instrument's potential usefulness as a device for screening, diagnosis, and program evaluation was supported by its psychometric properties. Future studies could address the use of the instrument with the secondary school age population that faces the transition from school to community.
A national profile of self-help/self-advocacy groups of people with mental retardation.
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Evaluation of rehabilitation continuing education.
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A behavioral exploration of dependent and independent mildly mentally retarded adolescents and their mothers.
A study was conducted on behavioral differences between dependent and independent mildly mentally retarded adolescents and their mothers. Twelve dependent and 12 independent adolescent-mother pairs separately engaged in a videotaped problem solving task. These videotapes were subjected to a behavioral coding system consisting of five domains, i.e., problem solving, positive verbal, negative verbal, positive non-verbal, and negative non-verbal. Differential profiles were not evident between the two groups for either adolescents or their mothers. However, there were notable differences between a more stringently defined subset of dependent and independent adolescents and between their mothers. The subset of independent adolescents were more verbal and active in problem-solving than the dependent adolescents; the dependent subset exhibited a greater rate of negative non-verbal behavior; and mothers of the independent subset presented more positive non-verbal behaviors than did the mothers of the dependent subset.
The usage of the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Program with mentally retarded clients.
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An interdisciplinary program for preparing professional leaders.
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