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Biomedical subjects

P Broulík

Publications and source records attributed to P Broulík.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Importance and reliability of preoperative localization in primary hyperparathyroidism].

On the basis of experience with a group of 176 performed operations for primary hyperparathyreosis at the 3rd Surgical Clinic of 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague in cooperation with the 3rd Internal Clinic of 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, we together share the opinion to perform necessary preoperative localization examinations. Sonography is routinely performed and after evaluation of its objective result scintigraphy and MRI is individually indicated. Preoperative localization of adenomas shortens the time of operative procedure. Sufficient experience with preoperative localization examinations become more important especially in the diagnosis before reoperations of parathyroidal adenomas which are sometimes necessary.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical problems in primary hyperparathyroidism with concomitant nodular goiter].

In our group of 176 performed operations with diagnosis of primary hyperparathyreosis during the period of 1994-1999 present thyreopathy has been established peroperatively as well as postoperatively in altogether 47% of patients. Due to high percentage of coincidence of these diagnoses the condition of establishing indication for surgical therapy appears to be necessary not only on parathyroidal glands, but also determining the extent of resection on the thyroidal gland. In terms of preoperative screening, besides usual investigation of sonography and scintigraphy, we can recommend MRI test, which is highly positive for patients with thyreopathy, particularly in the area of nodular thyroid mass. The advantage of MRI investigation enables more precise localization of ectopic parathyroidal adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical approach in mediastinal adenomas and parathyroid carcinomas].

The authors performed retrospective analysis of medical records in a group of 176 patients, who underwent surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical strategy was the major issue of interest. Cervical collar incision represented a first-choice approach to cervical exploration in most of cases except those, in whom ectopic mediastinal localization have been diagnosed before the operation. Partial sternotomy was the most common option in surgical re-explorations as a second step following failed parathyroid surgery. We conclude that partial sternotomy is necessary further step in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism complicated by malignant hypercalcaemia on condition that the surgeon is not able to reveal adenomas from neck exploration and sternotomy is than performed immediately during the same operation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

[Primary hyperparathyroidism].

Over the past 40 years primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) has changed from a rare, severe disease of the bones and kidneys to a common disease with hypertension, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, easy fatigue and proximal muscle weakness. We have during these 40 years examined one of the greatest group of patients with PHP. PHP had its maximum incidence in women over the age of 40. The disease is four times frequent in women as in man. The incidence of hypertension and peptic ulcer between patients with PHP is higher as compared with the incidence of these diseases in general populations. The severity of bone changes in individual patients with PHP does not result from the direct action of a single hormone only. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) have hypotensive and vasodilator effects on various vascular beds. The resting blood flow in the limbs of our patients with PHP is increased in comparison with control subjects. PTH increases plasma renin activity in normotensive controls. This effect is partly blocked by beta adrenergic blockers.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Nuclear and nucleolar kinetics in multinucleate osteoclasts in the chick development and after the hormonal treatment.

This study demonstrates the changes in the number of nuclei, number of nucleolar silver-stained granules, and the incidence of the morphological types of nucleoli in the chick osteoclast ontogeny and after the parathormone and calcitonin treatment. The number of cell nuclei was increased during the ontogeny and after the parathormone treatment. The number of silver-stained nucleolar granules decreased during the ontogeny. Parathormone and calcitonin did not influence the number of silver-stained granules, and an insignificant effect on the number of nuclei was detected after the calcitonin application. The compact nucleoli and/or nucleoli with nucleolonema prevailed in all the investigated developmental stages of the chick. The nucleoli in multinucleate osteoclasts are active from the morphological point of view. A relationship between the nucleolar function and the number of nuclei in one cell could be possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Acute effects of hemodialysis on circulating parathormone, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase in patients with chronic renal failure].

The authors investigated biochemical indicators of the phosphocalcium metabolism in 18 patients dialyzed for prolonged periods on account of chronic renal failure before and after 5-hour dialysis. During dialysis serum creatinine and phosphorus levels declined and serum calcium levels rose. The level of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (C-terminal), total alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase did not change. During five hours of dialysis, as compared with alkaline phosphatase, mainly its bone isoenzyme, a marked increase of osteocalcin, an index of de novo bone formation, was recorded. From the investigation it is obvious that osteocalcin with a half-life of 5 minutes is an index of acute changes of the bone metabolism and its rise during dialysis indicates the favourable effect of dialysis on osteoblast activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Dual-photon densitometry of the lumbar spine. Further experience and findings].

The authors submit further experience with two-photon absorption measurement of the mineral content of the lumbar spine using a NOVO/Lab BMC 22a (Denmark) apparatus. 1. The authors discuss the problem of evaluation of results in postmenopausal women. For the basic evaluation the authors use the range +/- 2 s of "normal" values classified by decades; another suitable guide to the interpretation could be extrapolation of the lower range of the regression zone in recorded in premenopausal women to higher age groups. 2. The histogram of frequencies of normal values in women in g.cm-2 has two peaks corresponding to the group of premenopausal women and the group of postmenopausal women. 3. Of 573 examined patients with osteoporosis 295, i. e. 51.5%, cannot be reliably evaluated or cannot be evaluated at all (as a rule because of changes of the spine). Of 49 results obtained in men with osteoporosis 34.7% are within the normal range, of 229 results obtained in women with osteoporosis 47.2% are within the normal range. The hitherto assembled experience is consistent with the view that the method is useful and invaluable in particular for the long-term follow up of patients.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

[Hormones in bone metabolism. II. Other systemic hormones].

The authors present a review on a number of systemic hormones involved in bone metabolism. At the same time they demonstrate mechanisms of their action on the cellular, tissue and skeletal level. Attention is drawn to the participation of these hormones in the pathology of bone and other organs and the necessity to protect the skeleton during their therapeutic use in other than osteologic indications.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme and urinary hydroxyproline in healthy subjects, patients with osteolytic metastases, and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

The values of urinary hydroxyproline excretion reflecting the bone remodelling by osteoclasts, and the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase reflecting the osteoblastic function, in 100 randomly selected healthy subjects, 100 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and 100 patients with osteolytic secondary tumorous deposits in the skeleton showed a bivariate lognormal distribution. Hotelling's test revealed highly significant differences in the biochemical values among these three conditions, even when Bonferroni's modification of the test was used. The individual biochemical values, however, displayed many mutual overlaps. Despite this, the discriminatory analysis based on bivariate biochemical data resulted in a correct diagnosis in all healthy subjects, in 82 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and in 93 patients with osteolytic metastases. The simultaneous determinations of urinary hydroxyproline excretion and the bone alkaline phosphatase insoenzyme improve the differential diagnosis between these conditions. The predominance of urinary hydroxyproline excretion relative to bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme suggests an osteolytic metastasis. Proportionately elevated both hydroxyproline and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme indicate the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism. This shows the importance of a correct biometrical processing of data. Nevertheless, a complex clinical evaluation is always mandatory.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum osteocalcin levels and bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme after oophorectomy and in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Serum osteocalcin levels peaked 1 yr after oophorectomy in a prospective study of 12 women. Estrogen treatment restored serum osteocalcin to the normal range within 4 months of therapy. The changes in serum osteocalcin preceded those in bone alkaline phosphatase activity by 1-2 months, in these oophorectomized patients and during estrogen treatment. The changes in these two markers of bone formation over time were significantly different from those in urinary hydroxyproline excretion. A significant positive correlation was found between bone alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin levels in patients after oophorectomy and in 18 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Significant positive correlations also were found between the biochemical indices of osteoblastic function and urinary hydroxyproline excretion and/or nephrogenous cAMP in primary hyperparathyroidism. In most of the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, however, the elevation in bone alkaline phosphatase was more marked than that in osteocalcin. These data indicate that the clinical utility of serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation is similar but not identical to that of bone alkaline phosphatase.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Effect of aminoglutethimide on androgenic functions in mice.

Administration of aminoglutethimide (EliptenR, CIBA) to intact and castrated male mice decreased the weight of seminal vesicles and kidneys of intact males. However, the effect was not additive to that of orchietomy. Testicular cholesterol and protein content was significantly increased by aminoglutethimide, whereas no significant changes in testicular weight and blood testosterone were found, both being only moderately decreased.

Adrenal Glands↗