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Biomedical subjects

P Britton

Publications and source records attributed to P Britton.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Burnout and professional depression: related concepts?

In 1978 Oswin documented a process of 'professional depression' affecting some nursing staff in long-stay hospitals. This study tested the hypothesis that 'professional depression' in long-stay nursing and 'emotional exhaustion' as a component of burnout describe a similar phenomenon. This hypothesis was supported. The results are consistent with Cherniss' characterization of burnout, which appears to show considerable similarities to the concept of depression. In this study professional depression demonstrated a substantial correlation with depressed mood. Personality demonstrated significant relationships with burnout variables, extrapunitive hostility correlating with hardening toward others, intropunitiveness with avoidance as a coping response. These findings, although confined to hospital nurses, support the usefulness of approaches stressing the interaction between the work environment and the individual.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cognitive performance of medicated schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia.

Twenty schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and an equal number of matched controls were tested on a novel cognitive task. The task had two components: cued response and spatial memory. Relative to controls, the dyskinetic subjects showed a superior cued response performance but an equal spatial memory ability. We speculate that this selective facilitation may reflect dopaminergic hyperactivity in the dyskinetic group.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1984

When is a "wen" a "wen"? A diagnostic dilemma.

The lay term "wen" has been applied to a wide range of scalp swellings. To help clarify the correct use of the term, we describe three patients recently treated in Leicester, who presented with macroscopically similar but histologically very dissimilar large scalp swellings.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Location on the Escherichia coli genome of a gene specifying O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase.

The plasmid pAB65, derived from a specialized transducing phage carrying DNA from about 52 min on the Escherichia coli genome, coded for two polypeptides of Mr approx. 34 000. The expression of one was regulated by cyst(e)ine and the cysB gene product and the other by the cysB gene product only. One of these polypeptides was a subunit of O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (EC 4.2.99.8); the other, associated with the E. coli membrane, was the N-terminus of the product of the lambda ben gene. The pattern of peptide synthesis directed by plasmids carrying smaller DNA fragments indicated that the gene for O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase was transcribed clockwise. The spectrum, amino acid composition and subunit number of the enzyme were determined. The enzyme appears homologous with the Salmonella typhimurium cysK gene product. This provides further evidence for the inversion of this region of the genome.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Location and direction of transcription of the ptsH and ptsI genes on the Escherichia coli K12 genome.

Recombinant plasmids were constructed that carried various fragments of the DNA specifying the Escherichia coli genes ptsH and (part of) ptsI, the genes for the common components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase. Expression of plasmid-specified functions in minicells showed that ptsH and ptsI were transcribed clockwise. Most of the transcription of ptsI was from the ptsH promoter, but some was from a second site within or after ptsH.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1983

Similarities in the heavy and light chains of tetanus toxin suggested by their amino acid compositions.

Quantitative comparison of the amino acid compositions of the heavy and light chains of tetanus toxin by the method of Cornish-Bowden [(1983) Methods Enzymol. 91, 60-75)] suggests strongly that there is sequence homology between the two chains and that the heavy chain has two similar halves. Examination (by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate) of peptides produced from the chains by proteolytic cleavage supports this idea.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Phosphotransferase-mediated regulation of carbohydrate utilization in Escherichia coli K12: location of the gsr (tgs) and iex (crr) genes by specialized transduction.

A lysogen of Escherichia coli K12 with lambda cI857 S7 xis6 nin5 b515 b519 integrated into ptsI was induced and the lysates plated on a Pel- host [on which lambda strains with less than the wild-type amount of DNA form plaques at low frequency (Cameron et al., 1977)]. All of the 40 plaques examined contained phage able to transduce at least two of the genes known from bacteriophage P1 transduction experiments to be closely linked to ptsI. Assuming that each specialized transducing phage arose by a single illegitimate recombination event, the distribution of phage types showed that the gene order is cysA gsr ptsI (ptsH, iex) cysZ lig; both gsr+ and iex+ were dominant. Analysis of restriction endonuclease digests of the transducing phage confirmed that no unexpected DNA rearrangements had taken place and allowed the construction of a map of the sites of action of the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, HindIII, BamI and Kpn for over 20 kilobases of E. coli DNA. In an Appendix, we show cysA and cysZ mutants to be deficient in sulphate assimilation.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1982

Phosphotransferase-mediated regulation of carbohydrate utilisation in Escherichia coli K12: identification of the products of genes on the specialised transducing phages lambda iex (crr) and lambda gsr (tgs).

The expression of genes adjacent to ptsI was investigated using a series of specialised transducing phages carrying different, overlapping, segments of the cysA-gsr-ptsI-ptsH- iex - cysZ -lig region of the genome of Escherichia coli. The polypeptides were synthesised following the infection of u.v.-irradiated lysogenic and non-lysogenic uvrA recA hosts or a uvrA recA host carrying the lambda cI+ plasmid pKB280 . The polypeptides were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The gsr gene product had a mol. wt. of 23 000. The product of the iex gene was tentatively identified as a protein of mol. wt. of either 33 000 or 21 000. Hpr, the product of the gene ptsH, had a mol. wt. of 9000. The gsr gene appeared to be expressed at a higher level in a non-immune host, which suggests that it was transcribed from lambda promoters. A new lambda host strain, suitable for the detection of small polypeptides (mol. wt. less than 30 000) is described.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1981

The hydrophobicities of cholera toxin, tetanus toxin and their components.

1. Charge-shift electrophoresis showed that cholera toxin and its subunits have no hydrophobic surfaces. 2. Amino-acid composition and sequence data suggested that the proteins have no masked hydrophobic regions. 3. The A subunit of cholera toxin may interact with polar molecules in the membrane to exert its effect inside the cell. 4. The only hydrophobic part of tetanus toxin was the H-chain.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting worry following a diagnosis of breast cancer.

UNLABELLED: Measures identified in research as being predictive of later worry following a cancer diagnosis may be too time consuming for routine clinical screening purposes. In practice, therefore, clinicians may use factors such as disease severity to anticipate likely distress. In this study we evaluated alternative predictors based on simple ratings that we had found useful with other patient groups. METHODS: Women attending a breast clinic were briefly interviewed on three occasions about their worries: in the clinic immediately before diagnosis and twice after diagnosis, two and four months later. Severity of disease was established using the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). RESULTS: Severity as assessed by the NPI was not highly correlated with post-diagnostic health worries. The factor found to be most highly correlated with subsequent worry about cancer was patients' ratings of the frequency of thinking about the initial clinic visit during the preceding week. CONCLUSION: Given the relative ease of asking about level of pre-diagnostic intrusive thoughts, we conclude that this index would provide a useful and practical method for clinicians to identify in advance those patients likely to worry excessively following a diagnosis of cancer.

Adaptation, Psychological↗