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Biomedical subjects

P Brès

Publications and source records attributed to P Brès.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ontogeny of yellow fever 17D vaccine: RNA oligonucleotide fingerprint and monoclonal antibody analyses of vaccines produced world-wide.

Yellow fever 17D vaccines are currently manufactured with approval of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 11 countries. These vaccines have proven highly efficacious and safe. Nevertheless, they have not been fully characterized genetically, a problem for future standardization and modernization of vaccine manufacture now being proposed by WHO. Vaccines in use are derived from two distinct substrains (17D-204 and 17DD) which represent independently maintained passage series from original 17D. In this study, all 17D vaccines produced world-wide were characterized by RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Forty-two large oligonucleotides were compared, and differences from an arbitrarily selected reference strain (produced by Connaught Laboratories in the U.S.A.) were determined. With one exception (vaccine produced in South Africa), fingerprints of vaccines derived from substrain 17D-204 were identical. The South African primary seed differed in position of one oligonucleotide, reflecting a charge shift due to a single base change. This difference occurred within one egg passage; a further change in the South African vaccine occurred within one or two passages from primary seed. No antigenic differences between 17D-204-derived vaccines (including South Africa) were demonstrated by neutralization tests using monoclonal antibody. Vaccines derived from the 17DD substrain consistently differed from 17D-204 vaccines in the absence of one oligonucleotide (No. 37). This change probably occurred during 40 additional egg passages in development of the 17DD vaccines. A clear antigenic difference was shown between 17D-204 and 17DD substrain vaccines using monoclonal antibody. 17DD vaccines showed minor genotypic differences, suggesting a higher degree of genetic instability than 17D-204 vaccines. No oligonucleotide fingerprint differences were found between avian leukosis virus (ALV)-free and ALV-contaminated vaccines. No definite genomic correlate of neurovirulence was defined by fingerprinting strains with a history of encephalitic complications in man or of failure to pass monkey neurovirulence tests. Parent Asibi virus showed several oligonucleotide differences and was serologically distinct from 17D vaccine.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1978

[Lassa, Marbourg and Ebola viruses: new features of African tropical pathology. II. Epidemiology. Public health problems (author's transl)].

Lassa, Marbourg and Ebola viruses are characterised by their endemo-epidemicity in tropical Africa, by their potential of inter-human transmission, by their gravity (30 to 50% mortality in cases admitted to hospital) and by the difficulty of their aetiological diagnosis. This results in a public health problem for countries in non-endemic regions receiving travellers coming from Africa. This problem is related to the risk of importation of cases, a risk which should not be exaggerated but nor should it be underestimated. Appropriate measures may be suggested in the light of assessment of the risk: organisation of specialised hospital facilities, laboratory and coordination service.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

[Recent Lassa, Marbourg and Ebola viruses in African tropical viruses. I. Semiology--physiopathology--diagnosis--treatment (author's transl)].

Three new viruses have been identified in Africa during the present decade. They may cause sporadic cases or limited outbreaks, and they are probably endemic in areas which are still ill-defined. Severe forms of infection lead to the haemorrhagic syndrome or to hypovolemic shock, the physiopathology of which is being studied. The case-fatality ratio of severe cases is between 30 and 85 per cent. Nosocomial outbreaks have been observed, but they can be avoided if appropriate barrier nursing measures are carried out for the treatment of patients or adequate protection measures for sampling and examination of laboratory specimens. As such cases may be transferred outside the endemic zone, this implies that countries receiving travellers from Africa should have hospitals with specialized units for strict isolation and treatment of these patients.

Africa↗
PubMed1978

[Modern methods for surveillance of communicable disease: general introduction (author's transl)].

Epidemiological surveillance has now become a fully developed discipline, to which several technical specialties contribute. All kinds of new problems resulting from present conditions of life have enlarged the field of surveillance beyond the old concept of morbidity-mortality. This has necessitated the application of new methodology--a stimulating challenge for those who are engaged in epidemiological surveillance.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1978

[International influenza surveillance (author's transl)].

Influenza may be considered a convenient model to set up a methodology for surveillance in a country, which can further be extended to other diseases. The solidarity which exists among Directors of National Influenza Centres is one of the reasons for its success. On positive result, and one which is not negligible, has been the stimulating effect which influenza surveillance had on the development of virus laboratories in tropical regions.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1978

[International surveillance of some viral diseases (author's transl)].

During a period of more than fifteen years the WHO international surveillance system for selected viral diseases has been modified on several occasions. The aims of the surveillance programme on viral diseases are two-fold: to make available world-wide epidemiological information and to contribute to the development of public health laboratories in countries where this is necessary.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1972

Epidemiological aspects of the 1969 yellow fever epidemic in Nigeria.

The Virus Research Laboratory of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, was notified on 23 October 1969 that cases of suspected yellow fever had occurred in the Jos area. The diagnosis was confirmed by virus isolation and the existence of a widespread outbreak on the Jos Plateau and adjacent areas was established. This was the first recognized epidemic of yellow fever in Nigeria since 1953. Between September and the end of December 1969, an estimated total of 252 patients with yellow fever were hospitalized. The case-fatality ratio for hospitalized patients was approximately 40%. The diagnosis of yellow fever was confirmed by virus isolation, serology, or pathology in 55 patients. It is estimated that up to 100 000 cases of yellow fever may have occurred during the epidemic.

Adolescent↗