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Biomedical subjects

P Boyle

Publications and source records attributed to P Boyle.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Colorectal cancer as a disease of the environment.

Colorectal cancer is common in North America and Europe but is virtually unknown among the native population of sub-Saharal Africa. Within the continent of Europe, colon cancer incidence varies fourfold between cancer registry regions. Within the United Kingdom, colon cancer is, and has been for 70 years, commoner in Scotland than in England and Wales. In Scotland, the disease is one-third commoner in the north of the country than in the south. Colorectal cancer risk is determined by local environmental conditions within the bowel: these are determined to a large extent by diet which in its turn is dictated by environmental conditions, both geographic and economic. Cancer as a group of diseases which causes 40% of all deaths, is a disease of the environment, with colorectal cancer the best example of this in a common tumour.

Africa↗
PubMed1983

The decision on surgery in renal artery stenosis.

Eighty-six hypertensive patients with arteriographic evidence of renal artery stenosis presented between 1968 and 1979. Thirty-nine subsequently underwent surgery and were followed thereafter for at least one year. In 54 per cent blood pressure was reduced to within one standard deviation of the mean for a normal individual of the same sex and age. A further thirty-one per cent of patients were 'improved', but needed hypotensive drugs to maintain blood pressure within this range. In the remaining 15 per cent of patients the operation did not reduce blood pressure. The purpose of the study was to assess our ability to predict this varies surgical outcome using clinical observations and special tests. The latter included measurement of plasma renin concentration in both peripheral vein and renal vein plasma, catheterization of both ureters and studies of the response of blood pressure to brief infusion of saralasin. No single observation or test, no combination of observations or tests and no discriminant function clearly separated patients in whom surgery would succeed from those in whom it would fail. Renal vein renin ratio was the best test; all patients with a ratio greater than 2.0 underwent successful surgery, but so too did some patients with a lower ratio. We also analysed the factors which had influenced our decision to undertake special investigations in 65 of the 86 patients and, having done these investigations, to recommend surgery in 39. No single factor seemed to have had overriding importance in making these decisions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

IgE and IgD concentrations in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Serum IgE and IgD concentrations were examined in 80 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), 20 patients with other ulcerative oral disorders, and 39 control subjects. both IgE and IgD concentrations were substantially greater in patients with RAS than in either the other patients with oral disorders or the control subjects. Although the increased IgE concentrations might be related to cell-mediated phenomena in the immunopathogenesis of RAS and the increased IgD concentrations might support the recently postulated role of IgD in immune responses related to the oral cavity, the possibility that the increased IgE and IgD levels are epiphenomena could not be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunoglobulins G, M, A, D and E in Behcet's syndrome.

Serum IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE concentrations were examined in 26 patients with Behcet's syndrome, 70 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 56 healthy controls. IgA concentrations, but not IgG, IgM, IgD or IgE, were significantly raised in Behcet's syndrome compared with controls. Serum IgD and IgE concentrations but not IgA, IgG, or IgM were significantly greater in recurrent aphthous stomatitis than in controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Role of antenatal radiography in the management of breech deliveries.

a retrospective study was made of 228 mature singleton breech deliveries occurring over a 2 year period to determine the role of antenatal radiography, in particular, of pelvimetry. Many (65%) had abdominal radiography. Where antenatal pelvimetry was performed (38%) the infants were in significantly better condition during the neonatal period; this was most marked with parous women. There was no significant difference in the neonatal condition of 25 infants born vaginally of women with favourable pelvimetry compared with 31 infants born by elective caesarean sections.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Primary biliary cirrhosis: an increased incidence of extrahepatic malignancies?

In a retrospective review of 85 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 10 (11.8%) were noted to have extrahepatic malignant neoplasm. In seven female patients the tumour developed within a mean of 3.5 yr after the clinical onset of PBC. This observed number of tumours, 3.5 times more common than the expected age-adjusted incidence, was statistically significant at the 0.5% level.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

beta 2 Microglobulin in lichen planus.

The aim of the present study was to examine idiopathic lichen planus for possible changes in the serum concentration of the immunological marker beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m), a component of HLA antigens. It was shown that serum levels of beta 2m were not different in lichen planus from those in controls. Although these findings do not support major systemic immunopathological changes in lichen planus, they do not exclude the involvement of local immune mechanisms.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1982

Cancer of larynx in west of Scotland. A review of results and a consideration of new therapeutic approaches.

A recent epidemiological study carried out by the Cancer Intelligence Unit in Glasgow has shown: 1) there has been an increase in consumption of tobacco products and alcohol in Scotland over the past 25 years; and 2) the mortality rate from cancer of the larynx has been unchanged over that time (Fig. 1). Ayrshire, a county in the west of Scotland, has a population of 360,000 which is remarkably similar in age structure, sex and urban/rural mix to Scotland as a whole. The incidence of carcinoma of the larynx in this region has been unchanged over the 20-year period 1959-1978. The results of treatment for the period 1958-1968 were reported recently by Quayum. In this report the results of treatment of carcinoma of the larynx by radiotherapy in Ayrshire and district over the decade 1968-1978 are presented and compared with those of the previous decade. The overall survival is unchanged over the two decades 1958-68 and 1968-78. This confirms the findings of the Cancer Registry. The survival of certain stages has improved, though this may be due to changes in criteria for staging introduced in 1974. All cases in this report were staged retrospectively. Recent innovations in treatment which may improve overall survival are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Circulating immune complexes detected by binding of radiolabelled protein A in patients with oral cancer and oral premalignant lesions.

Circulating immune complexes were determined in 48 patients with oral squamous cell cancer, 17 patients with oral keratosis and 49 controls, using a rapid sensitive assay using a Staphylococcus aureus immunoadsorbent. Concentrations of immune complexes were significantly higher in patients with oral cancer and in patients with oral keratosis than in controls, but the levels in those with oral cancer were not significantly different from those in keratosis. Immune complexes might be responsible for the cell-mediated immune defect in patients with cancer in the head and neck.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Serum glutamate dehydrogenase as a marker of hepatocyte necrosis in alcoholic liver disease.

Serum glutamate dehydrogenase concentration was assessed as a marker of the degree of hepatocyte necrosis found at liver biopsy in 95 patients suspected of having alcoholic liver disease. Although the serum concentration was raised in 54 patients, no relation between it and the severity of hepatocyte necrosis could be established. Glutamate dehydrogenase was therefore not confirmed to be a useful indicator of hepatocyte necrosis in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Glutamate Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1981

Serum alpha-amylase isozymes in mumps: estimation of salivary and pancreatic isozymes by isoelectric focusing.

Serum alpha-amylase isozymes were separated into three major isozymes by thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing and detected by a starch-iodine zymogram procedure. Of the three groups of isozymes, one (S isozyme) corresponded to a salivary specific form, one (P isozyme) to a pancreatic specific form and the third (SP isozyme) to isozymes of similar isoelectric point common to both secretions. The levels of total alpha-amylase and of these three isozymes were estimated in the sera of 54 patients with mumps. Total alpha-amylase and salivary isozyme concentrations were greatly increased in the sera of all patients compared with controls. Pancreatic isozyme concentrations however, were only slightly increased and did not correlate with clinical pancreatitis. Indeed, in patients with mumps associated with pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis or orchitis, levels of total serum amylase, although higher than controls, were lower than levels in patients who presented solely with mumps sialadenitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Oral complaints related to climacteric symptoms in oöphorectomized women.

Numerous oral complaints have been attributed to the female climacteric including altered taste, a burning sensation and xerostomia. However, the data relating these symptoms to the climacteric require elucidation as there have been no adequately controlled studies. In the present investigation, a group of 145 oöphorectomized women were followed for one year. Approximately half were treated with oestrogen replacement and the remainder with a placebo. The results indicate that the hormone had no direct effect upon the oral symptoms but that there was a general increase in somatic complaints which appeared to be related to the degree of neurosis experienced. This is turn can be attributed to vasomotor changes which are under the control of oestrogen.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Serum alkaline deoxyribonuclease in oral cancer and premalignant lesions.

Serum activities of alkaline deoxyribonuclease were assayed in 61 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 23 with oral keratosis (a possible premalignant lesion), and 48 matched controls. The activity of alkaline deoxyribonuclease was significantly greater in patients with oral cancer than in either those with oral keratosis, or controls. The activities of deoxyribonucleases in keratosis were greater than in controls but not at a significant difference.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

Minoxidil and labetalol: very effective antihypertensive combination.

Minoxidil is an extremely potent hypotensive drug. Good control of refractory hypertension can be achieved without major side effects by using small to moderate doses in combination with other drugs. In particular, minoxidil and labetalol are effective when they are used with frusemide.

Adult↗