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Biomedical subjects

P Bourbon

Publications and source records attributed to P Bourbon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of hydrogen fluoride inhalation on lipid metabolism in guinea pigs.

The action of fluoride in vivo (exposure 96 hrs to 7 mg/m3) on the metabolism of cyclic AMP and relationship between cAMP and lipid metabolism was investigated. The mean values for cAMP, non esterified fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly increased after hydrogen fluoride exposure. cAMP is directly responsible for the increased lipolysis. In animals exposed to HF, theophylline injection causes increases of non esterified fatty acids and not produces modification of cholesterol level.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

[Influence of the sclerosing of esophageal varices on portal pressure and azygos venous blood flow].

Endoscopic sclerotherapy is widely employed for esophageal variceal hemorrhage. However it has side effects and can aggravate portal hypertension by suppression of portosystemic shunt. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of variceal thrombosis on hepatic venous pressure gradient and azygos blood flow. Eight alcoholic cirrhotic patients with a first variceal hemorrhage were included. According to Child Pugh's classification, 4 patients were group A, 2 group B and 2 group C. At each session 40 to 60 ml of 1 p. 100 polidocanol were injected into the varices. A hemodynamic study was performed in each patient before and about one week after variceal obliteration (mean 3.3 procedures). Mean value of hepatic venous pressure gradient was 16.6 +/- 5.5 mm Hg and 17.0 +/- 3.8, respectively, before sclerotherapy and after eradication of varices; azygos blood flow 663 +/- 506 ml/mn before and 682 +/- 522 after; cardiac, output was 6.5 +/- 0.7 ml/min before and 6.5 +/- 0.8 after. None of these differences were significant. These results suggest that endoscopic sclerotherapy using polidocanol does not change hepatic venous pressure gradient and azygos blood flow, and does not lower blood flow through the gastroesophageal collaterals draining into the azygos vein. This is consistent with the hypothesis that thrombosis remains localized.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Interobserver and intercenter agreement of gastro-esophageal endoscopic signs in cirrhosis. Results of a prospective multicenter study].

Because of the diagnostic and prognostic value of gastroesophageal endoscopic signs in cirrhosis, we studied their interobserver and intercenter agreement. Fifty cirrhotic patients without previous digestive bleeding were included in this study. The gastroesophageal endoscopic examinations of these patients, recorded on video tape, were independently viewed by 12 observers belonging to different hospitals. Agreement was evaluated by the kappa index (k), the values of which were given with p less than 0.001. Agreement was good for the presence (k = 0.40) or the size (k = 0.51) of esophageal varices as well as for red signs on the mucosa overlying esophageal varices, but it was poor for the color (k = 0.10) or the extent (k = 0.20) of esophageal varices. Agreement was poor for all gastric signs: fundic varices (k = 0.35), red spots (k = 0.28), associated lesions (k = 0.27), mosaic pattern (k = 0.27), gastropathy (k = 0.11). The mean diameter of esophageal varices, evaluated without any scale, varied from 3.5 +/- 1.4 to 7.5 +/- 4.0 mm between the 12 observers (p less than 0.001). Agreement was maximum for the more developed grade of a sign and minimum for the intermediate grade. The value of kappa indexes in this intercenter study was compared to that obtained in a previous study from one institution: interobserver agreement was significantly better within one center than between different centers. In conclusion, intercenter agreement is good for the size of esophageal varices and the presence of red signs, and poor for all the other signs. The millemetric measurement of esophageal varices diameter, without any scale, appears to be unreliable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1988

[Comparative efficacy of endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices by intravariceal injection of polidocanol and perivariceal injection of quinine-urea].

Concerned by mortality due to recurrent bleeding and associated risk factors in cirrhotic patients, we attempted to compare the efficiency of perivascular sclerotherapy using quinine urea with that of intravascular polidocanol and to determine the predictive factors of clinical outcome. Of 74 patients admitted for bleeding esophageal varices, 31 were treated with perivascular sclerotherapy (group I), and 43 with intravascular sclerotherapy (group II). Three months later, only 63 p. 100 of patients in group I had not rebled, compared to 90 p. 100 of patients in group II (p less than 0.001). After 6 months, no significative difference was found between the two groups. The one year survival rate was 44 p. 100 in group I and 79 p. 100 in group II (p less than 0.002). Encephalopathy and ascites were found to be predictive factors of mortality, whereas neither clinical or biologic factors were found to be predictive for recurrent bleeding. These results suggest that in esophageal sclerotherapy, the intravascular route with polidocanol provides earlier results and a better one year survival rate, compared with the perivascular route. However, survival rates depend on encephalopathy and ascites criteria.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1988

[Extrahepatic digestive surgery in cirrhotic patients: mortality, morbidity and preoperative prognostic factors].

The purpose of this work was to study postoperative mortality and morbidity with respect to preoperative prognostic factors in 67 patients with alcoholic or posthepatitis cirrhosis. Surgical procedures involved the biliary tract (n = 20), stomach (n = 16), colon or rectum (n = 12), and hernia (n = 7). Thirteen preoperative clinical and biological variables were subjected to mono- and multivariate statistical analysis. The mortality rate was 23 p. 100. There was no statistical difference between the three main surgical procedures. No patients died after herniorrhaphy. The rate of morbidity was 37 p. 100. The most common complications were sepsis, organ failure, and ascites. Three preoperative variables were found to be different between survivors and non survivors: ascites, prothrombin time and the Child-Pugh score. Multidimensional analysis demonstrated that the only variable to have an independent unfavorable prognostic value was albuminemia. These results suggest that postoperative mortality following extrahepatic abdominal surgery in cirrhotic patients is: 1) especially high after digestive procedures, 2) increased by ascites, low prothrombin time and high Child-Pugh score. Only hypoalbuminemia had a significant independent explanatory value regarding prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Determination of cobalt in forages by Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry without preliminary extraction.

A simple and rapid method, avoiding preliminary extraction, is described for the determination of Co in plant samples. The factors influencing the mineralization steps and the interference of major elements are investigated. The described method gives a recovery in the range 100-110%. Use of the standard addition method avoids interference from Ca and Fe. In the range 0.1-1 ppm (dry basis), Co can be determined with a precision of 5%. The detection limit of the method is 0.02 ppm of Co in forages.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

Effects of inhaled HF on lipid metabolism in guinea pigs.

Guinea pigs were exposed to hydrogen fluoride (10 mg/m3) for 84 hr. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the treated animals with respect to the controls. An increase in triglyceride levels was also observed in the liver. The metabolism of plasma and hepatic lipids was studied using incorporation of [1-14C]acetate. Compared to the control group, triglyceride synthesis was accelerated in the liver of the fluoride group. Extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase activity however was decreased in the fluoride group; this could be related to the decrease in apoprotein C.

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

[Action of F- on liver metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and benzo(a)pyrene in the rat].

The authors carried out this study according to three parameters (dose, level, age of the rats and way of administration) on the action of fluor study in liver metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and benzo(a)pyrene. The results showed that, in parallel with the increase of the dose level, at certain concentrations, it occurs generally an induction of dimethylnitrosamine-demethylase and a decrease in the amount of cytochrome P450 either by intraperitoneal injection, by ingestion or by inhalation. On the other hand, fluoride does not affect benzo(a)pyrene metabolism. Moreover, inhalation of FH looks the most suitable for this study. It allows to keep a relatively constant rate of F' in the blood and bring about more important changes in the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine (30 to 70% induction) and in the amount of cytochrome P450 (10 to 40% decrease), as compared to the controls. The results suggest that, in the conditions of our experiments, fluoride would exert an favourable effect on the carcinogenic power of dimethylnitrosamine without affecting benzo(a)pyrene one.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of HF on the hepatic metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat].

The authors have studied the action of fluorine, administered by inhalation, on the liver metabolism of a chemical carcinogen: dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). The results demonstrate a decrease in the level of cytochrome P450 and in the activity of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase in animals treated with DMN or DMN + HF. The greater inhibition in the presence of HF is paralleled by a decrease in the weight of the liver and in the synthesis of liver microsomal proteins. This reduction of activity (with the exception of dimethylnitrosamine demethylase which is unaffected) is supported by the result of the histological examinations showing two different types of lesion-necrotic toxic hepatitis and post-hepatitic cirrhosis - the frequency of which is much higher in the presence of fluorine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Transformation of the inhaled nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 in animals].

The authors have studied in the lungs and blood the time course evolution of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) administered by inhalation, in rabbits and guinea pigs. NO2 was rapidly oxidized into NO3-. The latter were eliminated within 24 h, the oxidation rate having been variable according to animal species. In presence of NO, the persistence of NO3- beyond 24 h indicates a retardation of the oxidation, NO having to pass previously by the NO2- step.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A field study of the validity of static paper sampling in fluoride pollution surveys.

A field study of fluoride pollution and of its consequences was made over a period of five years in the vicinity of an alumina reduction plant. This study, based upon the use of a static soda impregnated paper sampler, shows that the results obtained are in good agreement with the atmospheric fluoride concentrations obtained with dynamic samplers, especially when fluoride is present in gaseous form (HF). The results suggest that vertically mounted paper samplers are less sensitive to the collection of particulate fluorides. Collection rate is strongly influenced and increases with speed. If this parameter is known, an accurate estimation of the absolute atmospheric concentration is possible; the values shown by this technique are in good correlation with the value (annual mean) of pasture fluoride content. As a correlation exists between pasture fluoride content and the symptoms shown by cattle, the static filter samplers can predict disease in the case of slow chronic fluorosis. The field study agrees with earlier laboratory experiments and shows the validity of these simple and inexpensive types of exposure methods.

Air Pollutants↗